Formulas

VLOOKUP: VLOOKUP is used to get the data for a lookup value in the leftmost column of a
section of your spreadsheet called the table array on the base index_number (column number).
HLOOKUP: HLOOKUP is used to get the data for a lookup value in the top most row of a section
of your spreadsheet called the table array on the base index_number (row number).
MATCH: This formula searches for a value in an array and returns the relative position of that item
INDEX: This formula gets a value from a table on the base of given row and column parameter.
INDIRECT: This formula returns the reference to a cell or range on the base of its string parameter.
OFFSET: This formula returns a reference to a range that is offset number of rows and columns.
CHOOSE: This formula gets a value from an array list on the based on given parameter.
ADDRESS: This formula returns a cell address in text format.

VLOOKUP Formula
VLOOKUP formula performs a vertical lookup by searching for a value in the first column of
a table and returning the value in the same row in the “index_number“ position.
Syntax of VLOOKUP formula:
VLOOKUP (value, table_array, col_index_number, [range_lookup])
Parameters Details:
value: The value to search for in the first column of the table.
table_array: Two or more columns of data that is sorted in ascending order.
col_index_number: The column number in table from which the matching value must be
returned. The first column is 1.
range_lookup: Optional. Enter FALSE to find an exact match. Enter TRUE to find an
approximate match. If this parameter is omitted, TRUE is the default.

Returns
The VLOOKUP function returns any datatype such as a string, numeric, date, etc.
If you specify FALSE for the approximate_match parameter and no exact match is found, then the
VLOOKUP function will return #N/A.
If you specify TRUE for the approximate_match parameter and no exact match is found, then the
next smaller value is returned.
If index_number is less than 1, the VLOOKUP function will return #VALUE!.
If index_number is greater than the number of columns in table, the VLOOKUP function will return
#REF!.
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HLOOKUP-Formula
HLOOKUP formula performs a horizontal lookup by searching for a value in the top row of
the table and returning the value in the same column based on the index_number.
Syntax for HLOOKUP formula
HLOOKUP( lookup_value, table_array, row_index_number, [range_lookkup] )
Parameters Details:
lookup_value: The value to search for in the first row of the table.
table_array: Two or more rows of data that is sorted in ascending order.
row_index_number: The row number in table from which the matching value must be returned.
The first row is 1.
range_lookup: Optional. Enter FALSE to find an exact match. Enter TRUE to find an
approximate match. If this parameter is omitted, TRUE is the default.

Returns
The HLOOKUP function returns any datatype such as a string, numeric, date, etc.
If you enter FALSE for the approximate_match parameter and no exact match is found, then the
HLOOKUP function will return #N/A.
If you specify TRUE for the approximate_match parameter and no exact match is found, then the
next smaller value is returned.
If index_number is less than 1, the HLOOKUP function will return #VALUE!.
If index_number is greater than the number of columns in table, the HLOOKUP function will return
#REF!.

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MATCH Formula
MATCH formula searches for a value in an array and returns the relative position of that item.
Syntax for Match formula
MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type] )
Parameters Details:
 lookup_value :  The value to search for in the array
 lookup_array:  range of cells that contains the value that you are searching for.
 match_type : Optional. It the type of match that the function will perform.
The possible values for match_type are below:
 1 (default) : The MATCH function will find the largest value that is less than or equal to value.
You should be sure to sort your array in ascending order. If the match_type parameter is omitted,
it assumes a match_type of 1.
 0 : The MATCH function will find the first value that is equal to value. The array can be sorted in
any order.
 -1 : The MATCH function will find the smallest value that is greater than or equal to value. You
should be sure to sort your array in descending order.
Returns
The MATCH function returns a numeric value.
If the MATCH function does not find a match, it will return a #N/A error.
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INDEX Formula
INDEX formula returns a value in a table based on the intersection of a row and column position
within that table.

Syntax for INDEX formula

INDEX(array, row_number, column_number)
Parameters Details:
 array : A range of cells that contains the table of data.
 row_number : The row position in the table where the value you want to lookup is located. This
is the relative row position in the table and not the actual row number in the worksheet.
 column_number : The column position in the table where the value you want to lookup is
located. This is the relative column position in the table and not the actual column number in the
worksheet.
Returns
The INDEX function returns any datatype such as a string, numeric, date, etc.

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INDIRECT Formula
INDIRECT formula returns the reference to a cell or range on the base of its string representation.

Syntax for INDIRECT formula

INDIRECT(ref_text, [a1] )
Parameters Details:
ref_text: A textual representation of a cell reference.
a1: Optional. It is either a TRUE or FALSE value. TRUE indicates that string_reference will be
interpreted as an A1-style reference. FALSE indicates that string_reference will be interpreted
as an R1C1-style reference. If this parameter is omitted, it will interpret string_reference as an
A1-style.

Returns
The INDIRECT formula returns the reference to a cell or range.

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OFFSET Formula
OFFSET formula returns a reference to a range that is offset a number of rows and columns from
another range or cell.
Syntax of OFFSET formula
OFFSET(reference, rows, cols, [height], [width])
Parameters Details:

 reference : The starting range from which the offset will be applied.
 rows : The number of rows to apply as the offset to the range. This can be a positive or
negative number.
 cols: The number of columns to apply as the offset to the range. This can be a positive or
negative number.
 height: Optional. It is the number of rows that you want the returned range to be. If this
parameter is omitted, it is assumed to be the height of range.
 width: Optional. It is the number of columns that you want the returned range to be. If this
parameter is omitted, it is assumed to be the width of range. 
Returns
The OFFSET function returns a reference.
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CHOOSE Formula
 CHOOSE formula provides a value from a list of values based on a given parameter.

Syntax of CHOOSE formula:

CHOOSE(index_num, value1, [value2, …] )
Parameters or Arguments
 index_num : The position number in the list of values to return. It must be a number between 1
and 29.
 value1, value2, … : A list of up to 29 values. A value can be any one of the following: a number,
a cell reference, a defined name, a formula/function, or a text value.
Returns
The CHOOSE formula returns any datatype such as a string, numeric, date, etc.
If position is less than 1, the CHOOSE function will return #VALUE!.
If position is greater than the number of the number of values in the list, the CHOOSE function will
return #VALUE!.

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ADDRESS Formula
The ADDRESS formula is available in the Lookup/Reference Function category in Excel. This for is
used to get cell address on the base of row number and column number.
Syntax of ADDRESS formula
ADDRESS(row_num, column_num, [abs_num], [a1], [sheet_text])
Parameters Details:
row_num : The row number to use in the cell address.
column_num : The column number to use in the cell address.
abs_num : Optional. It is the type of reference to use. If this parameter is omitted, it assumes that
the ref_type is set to 1. It can be any of the following values:
 1 : Absolute referencing. For example: $A$1
 2 : Relative column; absolute row. For example: A$1
 3 : Absolute column; relative row. For example: $A1
 4 : Relative referencing. For example: A1
a1: Optional. It is the reference style to use: either A1 or R1C1. If this parameter is omitted, it
assumes that the ref_style is set to TRUE. It can be any of the following values:
 TRUE : A1 style referencing
 FALSE: R1C1 style referencing
sheet_text: Optional. It is the name of the sheet to use in the cell address. If this parameter is
omitted, then no sheet name is used in the cell address.

Returns
The ADDRESS function returns a string/text value.