PIR MEHR ALI SHAH ARID AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY

University Institute of Information Technology

Database Systems (CS-400)

Credit Hours: 4(3-2) Prerequisites: None
Teacher:

Course Description:
Basic database concepts, Database approach vs file based system, database
architecture, three level schema architecture, data independence, relational data
model, attributes, schemas, tuples, domains, relation instances, keys of relations,
integrity constraints, relational algebra, selection, projection, Cartesian product,
types of joins, normalization, functional dependencies, normal forms, entity
relationship model, entity sets, attributes, relationship, entity-relationship
diagrams, Structured Query Language (SQL), Joins and sub-queries in SQL,
Grouping and aggregation in SQL, concurrency control, database backup and
recovery, indexes, NoSQL systems.

Course Objective:
The objective of the course is to present an introduction to database management
systems, with an emphasis on how to organize, maintain and retrieve - efficiently,
and effectively - information from a DBMS.

Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, students should be

able to:

• Describe the fundamental elements of relational database management systems

• Explain the basic concepts of relational data model, entity-relationship model,

relational database design, relational algebra and SQL.

• Design ER-models to represent simple database application scenarios

• Convert the ER-model to relational tables, populate relational database and

formulate SQL queries on data.

• Improve the database design by normalization.

• Familiar with basic database storage structures and access techniques: file and
page organizations, indexing methods including B tree, and hashing.
Teaching Methodology:
Lectures, Written Assignments, Practical labs, Semester Project, Presentations

Courses Assessment:
Mid Exam, Home Assignments, Quizzes, Project, Presentations, Final Exam
Reference Materials:
1. Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation, and
Management, 6th Edition by Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg
2. Database Systems: The Complete Book, 2nd Edition by Hector Garcia-Molina,
Jeffrey D. Ullman, Jennifer Widom
3. Database System Concepts, 6th Edition by Avi Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth
and S. Sudarshan.
1. 4. Database Management Systems, 3rd Edition by Raghu Ramakrishnan,
Johannes Gehrke
Wee Contents Theory Practical
k
1 Lect-I The Relational Model
File Based System, Database Approach, SQL
Roll in Data Base Environment. Displaying Table
Structure
Lect-II History of data base Management
Selecting Specific
System, Advantages and Disadvantages
Columns
Of DBMSs
Arithmetic Expressions
Operator Precedence
Defining a Column Alias
2 Lect-I How to build and manage database? The Relational Model
Database Systems, File based system, SQL Statements
DBMS approach Defining a Column Alias
What is File based approach? Limitations Concatenation Operator
of File based approach Eliminating Duplicate
Rows
Lect-II DBMS approach, Advantages of DBMS,
Cost and Risks Factors.

3 Lect-I Three Level ANSI-SPARC Architecture Restricting and Sorting

External level, Conceptual Level. Data
 Lect-II Internal Level Limiting Rows Selected
Disadvantages of Three Level Comparison Operators
Architecture Other operators
(BETWEEN, IN, LIKE,
IS NULL)

4 Lect-I Views creation

Logical Operators and
Lect-II Order by Clause Rules of Precedence

5 Lect-I Entity Relationship modeling Single-Row Functions

Character functions
o Entity Number functions
o Attributes and its types Date functions
o Identifier Conversion
o Primary Key function
o Candidate Key

Lect-II o Relationship
o Degree of Relationship
 Unary
 Binary
 Ternary
 Quaternary
6 Lect-I Cardinality of Relationship Group Functions
– AVG
o One-to-one relationship – COUNT
o One-to-many relationship – MAX
o Many-to-many relationship – MIN
 Minimum/Maximum Cardinality – STDDEV
o Optional one – SUM
o Optional Many – VARIANCE
o Mandatory one Displaying Data from
o Mandatory Many Multiple Tables
 Lect- CASE STUDY (One in class and two as
II assignment)

7 Lect-I  Enhanced ERD Sub queries

o Super Type
o Sub Type
o Generalization
o Specialization
o Attribute Inheritance
o Relationship Inheritance

Lect-II o Constraints
 Completeness Constraint
 Total Specialization
 Partial Specialization
 Disjoint Constraint
 Disjoint Rule
 Overlap Rule

CASE STUDY ASSIGNMENT

8 Lect-I Transformation of (E)ER Model into • Insert rows into a table
Relational Model • Update rows in a table
• Delete rows from a
Attributes table
• Merge rows in a table
 Simple • Control transactions
 Composite
 Multivalued

Entities

 Regular
 Weak
 Associative

Lect-II Relationship

 Unary
 One-to-
one
 One-to-
Many
 Many-to-
Many
 Binary
 One-to-
one
o Mi
ni
mu
m/
Ma
xi
mu
 m
sa
me
on
bot
h
o Op
tio
nal
-
Ma
nda
tor
y
 One-to-
Many
 Many-to-
Many
 Ternary
 Quaternary

Super Type

Subtype

 CASE STUDY of Transformation

MID TERM
9 Lect-I  Data Normalization Creating and Managing
o Characteristics of Suitable Relation Tables
o Advantages of Suitable Relations

Lect-II o Goal of Normalization

o Data Anomalies
 Insertion Anomaly
 Deletion Anomaly
 Updation Anomaly
10 Lect-I o Definitions of Some Terms • Describe a view
 Functional Dependency • Create a view
 Partial Dependency • Retrieve data through
 Transitive Dependency a view
• Alter the definition of
a view
Lect-II o First Normal Form • Insert, update, and
o Second Normal Form delete data through
o Third Normal Form a view
o CASE STUDY • Drop a view

11 Lect-I o Relational Algebra o Writing relational

calculus queries in
relational algebraic
Lect-II o Relational Algebra query.
o Assignment

12 Lect-I  Physical Design o Physical records

o Purpose o Page
o Goal o De-normalization
o Inputs o Partitioning
o Decisions  Horizontal
o Designing Field  Vertical
o Objectives during selection of data  Hybrid
type  Key range
 Hash
Lect-II o Controlling Data Integrity o Data replication
 Data type
 Default value
 Range control
 Null value control
 Referential integrity
13 Lect-I o File Organization Creating indexes
 Factors
o Sequential File Organization
o Indexed File Organization

Hashed File Organization

 Lect-II o Create indexes

14 Lect-I Introduction to Mongo DB Hands On Practice in

Lect-II Hands On Practice in Mongo DB Mongo DB
15 Lect-I Database Security Database Recovery Sequence
Index
Synonym
Controlling User Access
Lect-II Creating users and granting privileges to
users.
Recovery
16 Lect-I Stored procedures Triggers
Lect-II Stored procedures
17 Lect-I Project demos
Lect-II Project demos
Final Exam

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)

At the end of course the students will be able to: Domain BT
Level*
1. Explain fundamental database concepts. C 2
2. Design conceptual, logical and physical database schemas C 5
using different data models.
3. Identify functional dependencies and resolve database C 2
anomalies by normalizing database tables.
4. Use Structured Query Language (SQL) for database C 4
definition and manipulation in any DBMS
*BT- Bloom’s Taxonomy, C=Cognitive domain, P=Psychomotor
domain, A=Affective domain