New Design - and - Implementation - of - A - Computeri
New Design - and - Implementation - of - A - Computeri
1.0INTRODUCTION
This project “Hospital Management System” includes registration of patients, storing
their details into the system and also computerized billing in the pharmacy, and labs.
This software has the facility to give a unique id for every patient and stores the details
of every patient and the staff automatically. It includes a search facility to know the
current status of each room. User can search availability of a doctor and the details of a
patient using the id.
The Hospital Management System can be entered using a username and password. It
is accessible either by an administrator or receptionist. Only they can add data into the
database. The data can be retrieved easily. The interface is very user-friendly. The data
are well protected for personal use and makes the data processing very fast.
1.1BACKGROUND OF STUDY
A Hospital is a place where Patients come up for general diseases. Hospitals provide
facilities like: -
Information about Patients is done by just writing the Patients name, age and gender.
Whenever the Patient comes up his information is stored freshly.
Bills are generated by recording price for each facility provided to patient on a
separate sheet and at last, they all are summed up.
Diagnosis information to patients is generally recorded on the document, which
contains Patient information. It is destroyed after some time period to decrease the paper
load in the office.
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Immunization records of children are maintained in pre-formatted sheets, which are
kept in a file.
Information about various diseases is not kept as any document. Doctors themselves
do this job by remembering various medicines.
All this work is done manually by the receptionist and other operational staff and lot of
papers are needed to be handled and taken care of. Doctors have to remember various
medicines available for diagnosis and sometimes miss better alternatives as they can’t
remember them at that time.
1.2PROBLEM STATEMENT
Problems with conventional system
1. Lack of immediate retrievals: -The information is very difficult to retrieve and to
find particular information like- E.g. - To find out about the patient’s history, the user
has to go through various registers. This results in inconvenience and wastage of time.
2. Lack of immediate information storage: - The information generated by various
transactions takes time and efforts to be stored at right place.
3. Lack of prompt updating: - Various changes to information like patient details or
immunization details of child are difficult to make as paper work is involved.
4. Error prone manual calculation: - Manual calculations are error prone and take a
lot of time this may result in incorrect information. For example, calculation of patient’s
bill based on various treatments.
5. Preparation of accurate and prompt reports: - This becomes a difficult task as
information is difficult to collect from various registers.
1.3SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The importance of this project is to reduce the level of inefficiency in the
hospital’s management system. The implementation of this project in hospitals will have
a positive effect as it seeks to solve management problems in the hospital.
1.4OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
The Hospital management system software is user-friendly.
The main objective of the system is that it shows and helps you to collect most of the
information about Hospitality and Medical Services. The System is very simple in
design and simple to implement. The system requires very low system resources and the
system will work in almost all configurations.
The main objectives of the proposed system can be enumerated as follows:
Patients are easily allocated to the doctors.
Doctors Search is possible.
Today’s patient list help doctors to search their patients
AIMS / ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
The system is very simple in design and to implement. The system requires very low
system resources and the system will work in almost all configurations.
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Security of data.
Ensure data accuracy.
Administrator controls the entire system.
Reduce the damages of the machines.
Minimize manual data entry.
Greater efficiency.
User friendly and interactive.
Minimum time required.
Technologies to be used
This project will be a desktop application to be developed in Visual Studio 2012 (.net
frame work) having SQL Server Management Studio as backend.
Database Design (SQL Server Management Studio)
Form Design (VISUAL STUDIO 2012 {.net frame work})
Coding (VISUAL STUDIO 2012 {.net frame work})
Testing (VISUAL STUDIO 2012 {.net frame work})
1.5DEFINITION OF KEYWORDS
1. SYSTEM: -It is a set of interacting or interdependent component forming an
integrated whole or a set of elements to other elements.
2. MANAGEMENT: - Is the organization and coordination of the activities of a
business in order to achieve the desired goals.
3. HOSPITAL: - Is a health care institution providing patient treatment by specialised
staff and equipment.
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CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
The chapter aims at summarizing the present system of hospital management.
It will show everything about hospital management system and the organizational
structure history of the case study.
2.1INTRODUCTION
Hospital management System is a computerized medical information system that collect,
store and retrieve patient information. It is a means to create legible and organized
patient data and to access hospital management about individual patients. Electronic
Hospital management Systems are intended to complement the existing manual medical
record keeping system which is already familiar to practitioners. Patient records have
been stored in paper form for centuries, and over these periods, they have consumed
increasing space and notably delayed access to efficient medical care. In contrast,
electronic Hospital management System store individual patient hospital management
electronically and enable instant availability of this information to all authorized users in
the hospital and so assist in providing coherent and consistent care. The advantages of
hospital management system can be summarized according to (Yamamato, 2006), as
"optimizing the documentation of patient encounters, improving communication of
information to physicians, improving access to patient medical information, reduction of
errors, optimizing billing and improving reimbursement for services, forming a data
repository for research and quality improvement, and reduction of paper usage.”
The current goal of Hospital management System is to use computers to collect, store,
process, retrieve and communicate relevant patient information.
2.2REVIEW OF EXIXTING MANUAL HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Paper-based records have been in existence for centuries and their gradual replacement
by computer-based records has been slowly underway for over twenty years in western
healthcare systems. According to Gunter and Terry (2005), just like any other record
keeping, moving patients’ records from paper and physical filing systems to computer
and their super storage capabilities create great efficiencies for patients for their
providers, as well as health payment systems.
According to Russell and Potts (2010), in the past, diagnosis was done on patients by
asking the patient questions such as: allergies, past treatment, and medications. Each
time a patient visited the hospital, he was asked for an appointment card that was issued
during the last visitation and the patient file is retrieved, then the doctor takes a review
of the patient past medication before administering treatments.
However, with the use of Hospital management System, the doctor only needs to ask of
the patient’s name, and other pieces of identifying information which helps to easily pull
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up a patient’s record from the electronic storage space and all the information the doctor
needs to see will be there. Before treatment, it is important for the doctor to know the
history of the patient (past medications, drugs he reacts to, his allergies, etc.). Diagnosis
and treatment decision might then be altered based on the information supplied by this
system (Hospital management System).
Hospital management system is a computerized version of patient paper medical record.
It delivers a more complete picture of patient medical history, allowing doctors to
provide the best recommendations about a patient’s medical care. The system also
includes patient health insurance and contact information. Doctors can view a complete
medical history of any patient, which is a function of the fast access to information
provided by the system. Also, the new system automatically cross-checks any new
prescriptions the physician is giving, to ensure that there are no negative reactions with
your current medications.
Over the past decade, the need for change in almost all western countries has become
stronger. Incontrovertible evidence has increasingly shown that current systems are not
delivering sufficiently safe, high quality, efficient and cost-effective health services, and
that computerization of the health care system with the Hospital management System, is
an effective way forward. As Tony Abbott (2005) said, “better use of IT is no panacea,
but there’s scarcely a problem in the health system it can’t improve”. For the first time,
the responses have been national and coordinate.
Linda Kloss, executive vice president and CEO of American Health Information
Management Association (AHIMA), defines the three essential capabilities of a hospital
management System as follows:
1. To capture data at the point of care
2. To integrate data from multiple internal and external sources
3. To support care giver decision making.
Physicians are expected to document encounters they have with patients to ensure
crucial information for decision making. The idea of recording patient information
electronically instead of using paper has been around since the late 1960’s, when Larry
Weed introduced the concept of the Problem Oriented Medical Record into medical
practice. Until then, doctors usually recorded only their diagnoses and the treatment they
provided on paper. Weed’s innovation was to generate a record that would allow a third
party to independently verify the diagnosis. In 1972, the Regenstrief Institute developed
the first Hospital management System. Although the concept was widely hailed as a
major advance in medical practice, physicians did not flock to the technology. In 1991,
United States Institute of Medicine recommended that by the year 2000, every physician
should be using computers in their practice to improve patient care and the health system
in general.
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Silver (2009), discussed the benefits of Hospital al Management System database over
manual medical database as below:
Replace paper-based medical records which can be incomplete, fragmented (different
parts in different locations), hard to read and hard to find.
Support for continuing medical education.
Maintain a data and information trail that can be readily analyzed for medical audit,
research and quality assurance.
Potential for automating, structuring and streamlining clinical workflow.
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2.5ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM
Before the creation of a new system or modification of an existing one, accurate
investigation has to be done. The system investigation done on this project work
involved a critical study, review and evaluation of the present system that is being used
at our case study, The Polytechnic Ibadan Health Care Centre, Oyo.
However, every patient admitted into the hospital needs to register with their medical
record department, and an identification number is boldly written on the card that will be
given to the patient. The card itself is called tracing card while the number written on it
is called card number. This is a manual method of record keeping.
Each patient of The Polytechnic Ibadan Health Care Centre, Oyo. is either an
outpatient or an inpatient. A monthly validation is carried out on every patient file for
easy location of case note. At the end of every month, each patient’s case note is
transferred from a “current” section to a “previous” section in such a way that when a
patient makes an enquiry for treatment and the last appointment with the hospital falls
within the same month as the present month, therefore the patient file is for in the
current section of the shelf which obviously contain fewer case notes than the previous
section. In the previous section files are kept in batches with tags indicating month and
year the file belongs to.
A great deal of paper work is involved in this existing system, quite a number of
duplicate forms are required to facilitate the distribution of reports or information to
department requesting for them. The manual handling of information makes it subjected
to errors which are not likely to be detected on time (if they will be detected at all).
These errors can lead to misleading information about a patient as the report of accuracy
produced is often questionable.
Also, in the administrative section, the confidential information of individual staff
which ought not to be seen by another staff or an outsider is being accessed easily. A
staff in The Polytechnic Ibadan Health Care Centre, Oyo is either a junior, intermediate
or senior staff and their record contain the staff name, level code, credentials etc.
DEPARTMENT FILES
Medical Patient files
Accounts Voucher ledger/pricelists
Cashier Receipt
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Administration Staff
Pharmacy Drug inventory
Laboratory Chemical pathology
reports
Consulting Diagnosing diseases
The most important tasks in Hospital management system can now be summarized as
follows:
1. Storage and monitoring of patient condition: accurate and manually stored medical
records of patient are provided, time intervals and testing periods for test on patients is
being specified, Data processing and analysis for statistical purposes and research-
oriented purposes are done
2. Financial aspect: efficient administration of finances uses and monitoring of
medicines, there is an effective monitoring of the ordering process. Expected actual
treatment costs are listed, bed occupancy analysis and overall performance in the
hospital management system.
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Moreover, this project will provide history about each patient such as past illness; drugs
reacted to in the past, allergies, etc.
This project will cover patient registration, drugs administration, and hospital account
management. This project will also provide fast access to information and also give easy
analysis for the report that would be generated in the report menu.
3.0References
Babatunde (2010) in his project titled “Design and Implementation of Clinical
Information System”,
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CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
3.0 INTRODUCTION
A system is a set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an
interconnecting system. It is a set of interacting or interdependent component forming an
integrated whole or a set of elements to other elements.
Some characteristics of a system include:
i. A system has behaviour, it contains processes that transform inputs into outputs
ii. A system has interconnectivity; the parts and processes are connected by structural
and or behavioural relationship
3.1 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
This is a process by which an old system is analysed and the flaws of the old system
are documented and procedures are taken to develop a new system with a better
functionality. There are several steps taken to achieve this; these steps are called
“SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE”
3.2 EXISTING SYSTEM
Existing system refers to the system that is being followed till now. Presently, all the
hospitals functionalities are done manually. That is if a patient wants to consult a doctor,
he can sit in the waiting room till his chance is called. This procedure makes things very
difficult. The main disadvantage is that it is time consuming.
3.3 LIMITATIONS TO EXISTING SYSTEM
Lack of security of data
Time consuming
Consumes large volume of paper work
Manual work
No direct role for the higher officials
To avoid all these limitations and make the system working more accurately, it needs to
be computerized.
3.4 RESEARCH METHODS
Basically, I used two methods of research to gather the necessary information I used
to do this project:
Interview method: - This entails the face-to-face questions asking and replies
between two individuals. At some stages in the project research, it was necessary for me
to interview some workers in the hospital so as to get some really important details. The
advantage of this method is that it is more accurate and you tend to get a more accurate
and faster reply.
Questionnaire method: - This involves passing or giving out questions typed in a
sequence for individuals to fill and return. A questionnaire is a set of printed or written
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questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical
study.
These questionnaires were passed round to staff in the hospital and collected. The replies
were then compared and information gathered to fulfil this project.
3.5 SYSTEM DESIGN
The system was designed with visual studio 2012 (.net frame work)
(a) Splash screen
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(c) Action form (user)
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(e) Register patient
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(g) Doctor search
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CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND DOCUMENTATION
4.0 INTRODUCTION
This section will show the user how the system can be implemented and the
importance of documentation.
4.1 IMPLEMENTATION
This system can be implemented by simply following the following steps;
1. Put the installation setup into the disk drive
2. Run the installation setup
3. Allow the program to install
4. Launch the program from the program list in your system.
4.2 SYSTEM TESTING
The goal of software testing is to detect before it is delivered, installed and make
operation.
Defects include bugs as well as inefficiencies that may cause a system not to satisfy all
its requirements.
Test is done in other to discover if there is any inherent logical error, eventually the
whole system is tested for efficiency and reliability.
After the whole system might have been affirmed reliable, it is finally installed for the
user and it has been successfully completed.
There are two types of testing
1. Unit testing: - has to do with testing the individual components in the system using
test data.
2. System testing: - Parts are linked together and test data is also used to see if the part
works together.
4.3 SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION
This has to do with documentation of the proposed system together with the
maintenance of the newly designed system.
Documentation is an important element in the development and running of any
computer project, the documentation of the system may also be received for
performance standard based on records of time and resource budgeted and used in
developing as compared to a system type, scope and complexity. Proper documentation
helps when the analyst is not available, another analyst can easily take over instead of
starting all over again.
Documentation provides information that describes a product to user including a
user’s guide or reference manual that provides a narrative and graphical description of
the program.
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4.4 CHOICE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
The choice of programming language for this project is visual studio 2012 (.net frame
work). It is an object-oriented programming language.
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CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION
The project Hospital Management System (HMS) is for computerizing the working in a
hospital. The software takes care of all the requirements of an average hospital and is
capable to provide easy and effective storage of information related to patients that come
up to the hospital.
It generates test reports; provide prescription details including various tests and
medicines prescribed to patient and doctor. It also provides billing facility on the basis of
patient’s status whether it is an indoor or outdoor patient.
The system also provides the facility of backup as per the requirement.
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX ONE
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login
doctors
services
Admin database
employees
warddetails
outpatients
APPENDIX 2
Public NotInheritable Class SplashScreen1
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'TODO: Customize the application's assembly
information in the "Application" pane of the project
' properties dialog (under the "Project" menu).
'Application title
If My.Application.Info.Title <> "" Then
ApplicationTitle.Text = "HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM"
Else
'If the application title is missing, use the
application name, without the extension
ApplicationTitle.Text =
System.IO.Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(My.Application.I
nfo.AssemblyName)
End If
Version.Text = System.String.Format(Version.Text,
My.Application.Info.Version.Major,
My.Application.Info.Version.Minor)
'Copyright info
Copyright.Text = My.Application.Info.Copyright
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'TO ACTIVATE TIMER
Timer1.Enabled = True
End Sub
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ActionForm.Button8.Text = "ADD/EDIT/VIEW
DOCTOR"
ActionForm.Button9.AutoSize = True
ActionForm.Button9.Text = "ADD/VIEW/EDIT
DEPARTMENTS"
ActionForm.Button3.AutoSize = True
ActionForm.Button3.Text = "ADD/EDIT ROOMS"
ActionForm.Button4.AutoSize = True
ActionForm.Button4.Text = "BLOOD BANK
REGISTRATION"
ActionForm.Button5.AutoSize = True
ActionForm.Button5.Text = "EYE BANK
REGISTRATION"
ElseIf RadioButton2.Checked = True Then
ActionForm.Show()
Me.Hide()
ActionForm.Button1.Text = "REGISTER PATIENT"
ActionForm.Button2.Text = "NEW STAFF
REGISTRATION"
ActionForm.Button8.Text = "IP/OP SEARCH"
ActionForm.Button9.Text = "DOCTOR SEARCH"
ActionForm.Button3.Text = "BILLING"
ActionForm.Button4.Text = "CHANGE PASSWORD"
ActionForm.Button5.Text = "BLOOD/EYE BANK REG"
End If
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
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Private Sub Button4_Click(ByVal sender As
System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles
Button4.Click
If Button4.Text = "CHANGE PASSWORD" Then
frmChangePassword.Show()
Me.Hide()
End If
End Sub
End Class
End Sub
TextBox1.Select()
End If
End Sub
End Class
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