Basic Scattolding Course Keport 1. Scaffolding Course Description Basic Seattolaing (Level 1) course is designed for all personnel with no or litle knowledge in scaffolding and as.a refresher course for those who involved in the erection of tubular and siting type scaffolding This course introduce basic scaffolding knowledge on scaffold components, fittings, practical aspect in carrying out pre-installation activities and crecting simple scaffold structure in accordance to legal requirement, Intermediate Scaffolding (Level 2) cousse is designed for experienced scaffolding personnel with basic scaffolding certificate and at least 6 months experience working with scaffolds, Level 2 is intended for participants to gain further knowledge and practical skills on methods of scaffolding modifications, acts and legishtions governing modification regulations, heavy duty bridging, cantilever scaffolds, wire rope and tubular scaifolds and calculating back weight or counter balance. Advanced Seaffolding (Level 3) course is designed for experienced seaffolding personnal with intermediate scaffolding certificates with at least 12 months experience working with scaffolds Participant will gain further knowledge and practical skills on scaling and interpretation of drawings, tubular drop scaffolding off steelwork raking and flying shores, two way and dead shores, temporary roof scaffolds and scaffolds and proprietary system false work. 2. Scaffold Scaffold is a temporarily constructed structure to provide access egress, supporting rmaterial/equipment and as a safe working platform, 2.1 Relevant Legislation, Codes and Standards Those are the following legislation, codos and standards involving in scaffolding, whore contractor/personnel working in Malaysia shoud apply to 1. Occupational Safety and Health Act, Malaysia (OHSA) 1994 2. British Standard, BS 1139:1990 ~ Specification for Metal SealTolding 3. British Standard, BS 5973:1993 — Code of Practice for Access and working Scaffold and .caffold structure in steel. speci2.2 Scaffold Equipment and Main Fittings How hors: ss Tube + Main component of scaffold used as standard, ledger, transom and brace + According to BS 1139 code ~ 0D -48.3mm ~ Wall Thickness — 4.0 mm, = Mass—4.37kajm + Bent tube should not be used 15mm in 3m length + Heat must not be applied either by welding, cutting etc. Unless in a controlled environment + Correded tube with 10% losses must not be used Scaffold Board (Timber) + Rough sawn finished on all surfaces and must be suitable for use. + Boards must be capable of supporting a load of 670 Kg.m* when supported at 1.2m center + The corners may be chamfered, round or square. + The ends should be bound with hoop iron, Base Plate + A metal plate with spigot for distributing the load from a standard or a racker or other load-bearing tube Size— 150mm x 150mm Thickness - 5mm, Spigot - 50mm ‘Axial load ~ 30 kNRight angle coupler A Coupler used to Join tubes at right angle (90 Degree) +” Must be inspected before use + All moving parts must be free (grease may be applied but not too much) + No visible corrosion that_may weaken the integrity of the coupler + Slip along tube - SWL - 6.25kN Swivel Coupler A coupler used for joining tubes at an angle other than right angle Must be inspected before use All moving parts must be free (grease may be applied but not too much) No visiole corrosion that may weaken the integrity of the coupler Slip along tube - SWL - 6.25kN Putlog Coupler ‘A coupler used for fixing a putlog or transom to a ledger Must be inspected before use All moving parts must be free (grease may be applied but not too much) No visible corrosion that may weaken the integrity of the coupler Force to pull the tube axially out of the coupler - SWL-0.625 kN Sleeve Coupler ‘An external coupler used to joining one tube to another coaxially Must be inspected before use All moving parts must be free (grease may be applied but not too much) No visiole corrosion that may weaken the integrity of the coupler Tension - SWL - 0.625 kNJoin pin ‘An expanding fitting placed in the bore of a tube to connect one tube to another coaxially Must be inspected before use All moving parts must be free (grease may be applied but not too much) No visible corrosion that may weaken the integrity of the coupler Shear strength - SWL~ 0.625 kN. 2.3 Scaffold Terminology and Definition‘¢ Ray: The space between the center lines of two adjacent standards along the face of scaffold © Brace: A tube place diagonally with respect to the horizontal or vertical members of a scaffold and fixed to them to afford stability ‘© Guardratt: A member incorporated in a structure to provent the fall ofa person from a platform, © Ledger: A longitudinal tube normally fixed parallel to the face of a structure (building) in the direction of the larger dimension of the scaffold. It acts as a support for the transoms and putlogs ‘and frequently forthe tie tubes and ledger braces. Usually joined to the adjacent standards, '¢ Lift: The assembly of ledgers and transoms forming each horizontal level of a scaffold. © Putlog: A horizontal tube witha flattened end, to rest in or on part ofthe structure, © Standard: A vertical or near vertical tube, which carries the scafTold’s weight and loads imposed to the supporting structure # The: The comporents attached to an anchorage or the structure or framed around a part of the structure witha tie tube, Used to secure the scaffold to the structure, ‘© Transom: A tube spanning across ledgers to form the support for boards or units forming the Working platform or to connect the outer standards to the inner standards, © Working Platform: the desk from which works/opemtions are carried oat 2.4 General Sequence of Erection and Dismantling of Independent Scaffold1. Install Standard 2. Install Ledger 3. Install Transom 4. Install Standard & Level Transom n03 5. Install Ledger 6, Install Standard & Level Ledger 00.5 7. stall Transom 8, Install Standard and Level Transom no.7 9, Mark up for 1* Lift, Install and Level Ledger 108.11. Install Ledger Brace on both end and Plumb Standards no.4 & 6 12. Install and Level Front Ledger 13414. Fix Transom and Plumb Front Standards no, 1&8 154.10. Install Intermediate Standard 17, 18, 19829. Install Transom 21. Fix Sway Brace. 22. Plumb all Stardardés Next Ictall Ladder, Boards and Guardnils "Dismantling follows the opposite sequence of erecting the scaffold, Prior to dismantling, the scaffold should be inspected anda safe procedure for cismantling be establish by competent scaffokder. 3. General Guidelines for Standard Scaffolding Unshested sealfok’s up to 50m high may be constructed without being specifically designed, provided they comply with the requirements outlined below: 1. Firm Foundatton: All scaffolds shall be erseted on a finn level and consolidated base,Alan Bentley D.E Trainee — Base plates shall be used below each standard on surfaces where there ie the possibility of sandards deforming the surface. 2. Fixingof Ledgers to Standards and Transom: ~ Ledgers shall be fixed to standards with sight angle couplers. ~ A transom shall be fixed adjacent to every standard in every lift of a scaffold by icons of right angle couplers. 3. racing: ~ Bracing shall be in the form of ledger/eress bracing and longitudinal bracing. ~ Ledger bracing shall run from a ledger in one lift to the diagonally opposite ledger the lift above. ~ Longitudinal bracing shall be in the form of 4 continuous tube running from the bottom to the top of seaffold at an angle of between 35° and 55 °to the horizontal, or in the form of a zig-zag arrangement of tubes running from the bottom to the top of the scaffold between a pair of adjacent standards. ~ Bracing assemblies shall be fixed along the face of scafTold at intervals not exceeding 30m, 4. Staumny: ~The prevention of inward and outward movement of a scaifold shall be achieved by the use of ties being in place every 4mrise and 6m horizontal ~ Ties shall be stagzered in location wherever the building surface permits. 5. Safe working platforms: Al boards which make up the platform shall rest squarely and evenly on correct spaced transom, and be secured to prevent accidental displacement, ~All board shall be of the same thickaess. ~ Each board shall have at least three supports unless its thickness or span is enough to prevent sagging under load, —Tow-hoard shall he fixed on the inside of standards and shal! be at Jeast 150mm highAlan Bentley D.E Trainee Guardiails and we-boards shall be positioned at every edge from Which & person is liable to fall more than 2m. Guardrail shall be fixed on the inside of standards ata height of between 0.91m and L LSmahove the level of platform, “The distance between guardrails and too-hoards shall not exceed 765mm, Wieths of access and working platform, (Refer attachment ) 6. Laager: ‘Straight ladders and extension ladders shall be placed ata slope of 4:1 (lor every 4 m of vertical rise, the base set 1 m out) or approximately 75° to the horizontal to ‘minimize slipping outward Ladiler should be secured to. prevent slip, usually ted at the top. Only the stiles should be lashed and each stile should be lashed separately. Access ludder should extend about Im above the Working platform to provide @ handhold for people getting on and off. 4. Safe Use of Scaffolds Scafftag and Inspection A specific card holder and card that whon fixed to a scaffold, identifies the status of the scaffold, details with respect to its use and inspection detail Scafflags are to be signed/inspected either by the scaffold supervisor, inspector and competent person, ‘Scaffold must be chocked every 7 days, then update the scaMag as possible~ Identification of seaffold condition a. ScafTtag with Kea colour — Scaffold unsele or under construction. bb, Scattag with Green colour For user information or scaffold need repair. CC. Scafftag with Yellow colour — Inspection record or approved for use Make sure that the scaffolding is only used for its intended purpose. It shall never be ‘overloaded If handrails are remove by any reason, temporary rope or wire replacement must be in place, ‘capable of preventing people from falling, ora full body safety harness be worn by persons. ‘working on the scaffolding, Personnel must wear the required personal protective equipment at alltime, Must wear safety harness working at height 2m and above. Welding of scaffold joints is not permitted Ensure small tools, equipment, bolts and other loose material are kept in containers to prevent tem flom falling off the scaffold. Parts of staging, tools or other equipm lowered and not thrown down fom height. Personnel shall not work underneath scaffold unless absolutely necessary and if only ‘overhead protection is provided Keep scaifolding free from rubbish and obstructions,