Aa¨vq: 05 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv

†cªvMÖv‡gi aviYv I fvlv:

 Kw¤úDUvi eyS‡Z cv‡i Ggb wb‡`©kgvjv‡K †cÖvMÖvg ejv nq| Kw¤úDUv‡ii gvB‡µvcÖ‡mm‡ii Rb¨ ˆZwiK…Z wb‡`©‡ki
mgwó‡K †cÖvMÖvg e‡j|
 cÖwZwU mdUIq¨vi GK GKwU †cÖvMÖvg|
 mdUIq¨vi Qvov Kw¤úDUvi APj
 mdUIq¨vi nj KZ¸‡jv †cÖvMÖv‡gi mgwó
 A¨vbjvBwUK¨vj BwÄb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib Pvj©m e¨v‡eR|
 c„w_exi cÖ_g †cÖvMÖvgvi n‡jb AMv÷v A¨vWv jvf‡jm|
 A¨vWv jvf‡j‡mi bvgvbymv‡i ˆZwi †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv n‡jv Ada|
 Kw¤úDUvi †h fvlv †ev‡S Zv‡K †cÖvMÖvg fvlv e‡j|
 †cÖvMÖvg fvlv ej‡Z Avgiv eywS KZ¸‡jv wb‡`©‡ki mgwó| †cÖvMÖvg wbg©v‡bi wbqgKbyb n‡”Q †cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlv|
 †cÖvMÖvg fvlv‡Z m¤ú~Y© I wbf©yjZvi g~j¨ †`Iqv nq|
 Kw¤úDUv‡ii c‡ÿ †cÖvMÖvgvi wK wb‡`©k w`‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb Zv eySv m¤¢e bq|
 †cÖvMÖvgviiv mvaviYZ GKwU wbw`©ó fvlv‡K Zv‡`i mgm¨v¸‡jv wb‡q wPšÍv K‡ib|
 †Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvgvi Gi mdjZv †cÖvMÖvwgs Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i|
 Kw¤úDUvi fvlvq e¨eüZ eY© n‡”Q 0 Ges 1|
 ˆewkó¨ Abyhvqx †cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlv‡K cuvPwU ¯Íi ( Level) ev cÖR‡b¥ (Generation) fvM Kiv hvq| h_v:
1| cÖ_g cÖR‡b¥i fvlv - †gwkb fvlv
2| wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i fvlv - A¨v‡m¤^w j fvlv
3| Z„Zxq cÖR‡b¥i fvlv - D”PZi fvlv
4| PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv - AwZ D”PZi fvlv
5| cÂg cÖR‡b¥i fvlv- ¯^vfvweK ev b¨vPvivj (Natural) fvlv
 †cÖvMÖvg mvaviYZ mnvqK †g‡gvwi‡Z dvBj wnmv‡e Rgv _v‡K|
 †cÖvMÖvg wbe©vn Kivi Rb¨ Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi mvnvh¨ cÖ‡qvRb|
 me ai‡bi †cÖvMÖvg g~jZ 3wU Ask wb‡q MwVZ| h_v: 1) BbcyU, 2) cÖwµqvKiY, 3) AvDUcyU|

†gwkb fvlv I A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv:

 Kw¤úDUv‡ii wbR¯^ fvlv n‡”Q †gwkb fvlv| GwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mivmwi †evaMg¨ fvlv|
 †gwkb fvlvq ¸aygvÎ evBbvwi 0 Ges 1 e¨eüZ nq|
 †gwkb fvlv ïay 0 Ges 1 e¨eüZ nq e‡j †cÖvMÖvg †jLv Kómva¨| GwU hš¿w bf©i fvlv|
 †gwkb fvlvq †hme wb‡`©k †`Iqv nq Zv‡`i Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
h_v: 1) MvwYwZK 2) wbqš¿Y 3) BbcyU - AvDUcyU 4) cÖZ¨ÿ e¨envi|
 †gwkb fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg wjL‡Z cÖPzi mgq jv‡M Ges fyj nevi m¤¢vebv Lye †ewk _v‡K|
 †gwkb fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg wbe©v‡n mgq Kg jv‡M
 †gwkb fvlvq cÖwZwU wb‡`©‡ki `yw U Ask _v‡K| h_v: 1 ) Acv‡ikb †KvW (Ac‡KW), 2) Acv‡iÛ
 Ac‡KvW hvi Ici KvR K‡i Zv‡K Acv‡iÛ e‡j|
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 A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg Kw¤úDUvi mivmwi eyS‡Z cv‡i bv|
 A¨‡m¤^wj fvlvi †ÿ‡Î wb‡`©k I †WUvi A¨v‡Wªm evBbvwi ev †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vi mvnvh¨ bv wb‡q ms‡K‡Zi mvnvh¨ †bqv
nq| GB ms‡KZ‡K e‡j mvs‡KwZK †KvW ev †b‡gvwbK|
 A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvq cÖwZwU wb‡`©‡ki PviwU Ask _v‡K| h_v: 1) †j‡ej 2) Ac‡KvW 3) Acv‡iÛ Ges 5) K‡g›U
 †cÖvMÖ‡gi †Kv‡bv ¯’vb‡K wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq †j‡ej|
 A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv‡K ga¨g ¯Í‡ii fvlvI ejv nq|
 A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvi †cÖvMÖvg‡K †gwkb fvlvq iæcvšÍi K‡i A¨v‡m¤^jvi|
 A¨vwm¤^wj fvlvi †cÖvMÖvg iPbvq fzj Kg nq, mn‡R fzj wbY©q Kiv hvq Ges ms‡kvab Kiv hvq|
 wm fvlvi †Kv‡Wi mv‡_ A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvi †KvW mwbœ‡ek Kiv n‡q‡Q weavq wm GKwU ga¨g ¯Í‡ii fvlv|
 A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvq †hvM Ki‡Z e¨eüZ nq ADD|
 †gwkb Ges A¨v‡m¤^jvi fvlv `yywU wb‡¤œ¯Í‡ii fvlv n‡jI A¨v‡m¤^jvi †K ga¨g ¯Í‡ii fvlv wn‡m‡e aiv nq|

ga¨g ¯Í‡ii fvlv:

 ga¨g ¯Í‡ii fvlvq B”Qv gZ weU, evBU I †g‡gvwi wb‡q KvR Kiv hvq|
 mg¯Í †WUv UvB‡ci wgkÖb I iæcvšÍi mn‡R Kiv hvq ga¨g ¯Í‡ii fvlv|
 ga¨g ¯Í‡ii fvlvq myweav A‡bK †ewk
 Rvfv, wm, diUªvb, Macro Assembler, Forth, Dbase, Wordstar, IivKj G¸‡jv ga¨g ¯Í‡ii fvlv|
 1960 mv‡j ga¨g ¯Í‡ii fvlvi cÖPjb nq|

D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv:
 D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvi mv‡_ gvby‡li fvlvi A‡bK wgj Av‡Q
 D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg †jLv mnR I mgq Kg jv‡M wjL‡Z| G‡Z fz‡ji m¤¢vebv Kg Ges †cÖvMÖv‡gi µwU †ei K‡i Zv
ms‡kvab Kiv mnR|
 1983 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvi †ej j¨ve‡iUwii M‡elK †Wwbm wiwP Ges eªvqvb Kviwbnvb cÖ_g wm fvlv D™¢veb K‡ib|
 1985 mv‡j †ej j¨ve‡iUwii Av‡iK M‡elK evqvb© ÷ªDmUªvc fvlvi m~Pbv K‡ib| 1985 mv‡j †_‡K Gi evwbwR¨K
e¨envi ïiæ nq|
 1991 mv‡j gvB‡·vmdU Kv÷gvi Gwcø‡Kkb mdU&Iq¨vi ˆZwii Rb¨ I DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx
wfRyq¨vj †ewmK wbgv©b K‡i|
 †Rgm Mgwjs Rvfv fvlv D™¢veb K‡ib hv 1996 mv‡ji w`‡K evRviRvZ Kiv nq|
 wmwKDwiwUi w`K w`‡q me‡P‡q kw³kvjx Ges me‡P‡q †ewk aviYÿg RDBMS n‡”Q IivKj| GwU 1977 mv‡j GW
IqvUm I ee gvBbvi ˆZwi K‡ib|
 1958 mv‡j BD‡ivwcqvb I Av‡gwiKvb Kw¤úDUvi weÁvbx‡`I †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M ALGOL †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv †Zwi n‡q| Gi
c~Y©iƒc ALGOrithomic Language.
 weUvi bvDi ALGOL 58 †K ALGOL 60 bv‡g †Wfjc K‡ib|
 D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q cyiv‡bv n‡”Q FORTRAN 1957 mv‡j IBM Gi M‡elK Rb e¨dvm GwU ˆZwi K‡ib|
Gi c~Y©iƒc FORMULA TRANSTATION.
 FORTRAN- 77 me‡P‡q †ewk cÖPwjZ|
 1991 mv‡j †b`vij¨vÛ Gi Kw¤úDUvi weÁvbx ¸B‡Wv f¨vb †ivmvg Python fvlv ˆZwi K‡ib| Gi wmbU¨v· LyeB
mswÿß|
 D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvi D`vniY nj C, C++ Ges COBOL
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PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv I Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg:
 PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv ev 4GL Gi mvnv‡h¨ mn‡RB Gwcø‡Kkb ˆZwi Kiv hvq e‡j GK Rapid Application
Development (RAD ) UzjI e‡j|
 4GL B›UviGKwUf †gv‡W Kvh©ÿg|
 4GL - Gi wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg Kw¤úDUv‡i †Kvb cwieZ©b QvovB e¨envi Kiv hvq|
 4GL fvlv‡K †gwkb fvlvq iæcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ B‡›Uwj‡R›U K¤úvBjvi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
 †gwkb fvlvq †jLv †cÖvMÖvg‡K ejv nq e¯Íy †cÖvMÖvg Ges Ab¨ †h †Kvb fvlvq †jLv †cÖvMÖv‡K ejv nq Drm †cÖvMÖvg|
 †h †cÖvMÖv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ Drm ( Source) (†cÖvMÖv‡K e¯‘ (Object) †cÖvMÖ‡g cwiYZ Kiv nq Zv‡K Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg e‡j|
 K¤úvBjvi nj GK ai‡bi Abyev`K hv nvB‡j‡ej fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K †gwkb fvlvq iæcvšÍi K‡i|
 B›Ui‡cÖUviI K¤úvBjv‡ii gZ nvB‡j‡ej fvlv‡K †gwkb fvlvq iæcvšÍi K‡i|
 K¤úvBjvi cy‡iv †cÖvMÖvg GKev‡i Abyev` K‡i| B›Uvi‡cÖUvi GK jvBb c‡o I Abyev` K‡i|
 B›Ui †cÖUvi e¨env‡i †cÖvMÖv‡gi fzj ms‡kvab Kiv I cwieZ©b Kiv mnR|
 K¤úvBjvi †cÖvMÖv‡gi meMy‡jv fyj GKmv‡_ cÖ`k©b K‡i ZvB †cÖvMÖv‡gi fzj ms‡kvab I cwieZ©b Kiv RwUj I KwVb|
 K¤úvBjvi †cÖvMÖvg AvKv‡i eo Ges B›Uvi †cÖUvi †cÖvMªvg AvKv‡i †QvU nq|
 †b‡gwbK †KvW‡K †gwkb fvlvq iæcvšÍi K‡i A¨v‡m¤^jvi|
 PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlvi D`vniY nj QBE, SQL, ADF, CSP BZ¨vw`|

cÂg cÖR‡b¥i fvlv:

 5g cÖR‡b¥i fvlv‡K Natural Language e‡j|
 5g cÖR‡b¥i fvlv eyw×gËvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z|
 gvby‡li gZ ¯^vfvweK fvlv Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨env‡ii Rb¨ A‡bK cixÿv wbixÿv Pj‡Q|

†cÖvMÖv‡gi msMVb, †cÖvMÖvg ˆZwii avcmg~n, A¨vjMwi`g I †d¬vPvU:

 GKwU †cÖvMÖv‡gi wZbwU Ask n‡”Q: BbcyU, cÖ‡mwms I AvDUcyU|
 †cÖvMÖv‡gi msMV‡b †cÖvMÖv‡gi wjLvi c×wZ, †cÖvcvwU Ges †g_W Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|
 fv‡jv User Interface n‡j †cÖvMÖvwgs g‡W‡ji msMVbwU Kvh©Ki nq|
 Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvg ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡j KZMy‡jv ch©vq µwgK avc AbymiY Ki‡Z nq|
 Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvg ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡j KZMy‡jv ch©vq µwgK avc AbymiY Ki‡Z nq|
 †cÖvMªvg ˆZwii avcmg~n n‡jv- 1) mgm¨v wbw`©ó KiY, 2) mgm¨v we‡kølY, 3) †cÖvMÖvg wWRvBb, 4) †cÖvMÖvg Dbœqb, 5)
†cÖvMÖvg ev¯Íevqb, 6) †cÖvMÖvg iÿYv‡eÿY|
 ïiæ †_‡K ch©vqµ‡g avc¸‡jv m¤úbœ K‡i †cÖvMÖvg iPbv Ki‡Z nq|
 †cÖvMÖvg wWRvB‡b AšÍfz©³ welq¸‡jv nj: 1) BbcyU wWRvBb, 2) AvDUcyU wWRvBb, 3) BbcyU - AvDUcy‡Ui g‡a¨ m¤úK©
wWRvBb|
 †cÖvMÖvg ev¯Íevqb As‡ki `ywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR n‡”Q: 1) †Uw÷s, 2) fzj-µwU cixÿv, 3) wWevwMs t fzj ms‡kvab Kiv|
 †cÖvMÖv‡g fzjµwU _vK‡j Zv‡K evM ( Bug) e‡j| G‡K `~i Kiv‡K wWevM (Debug ) e‡j|
 ‘Bug’ k‡ãi A_© †cvKv|
 †cÖvMÖvg iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨ eo †cÖvMÖvg‡K †QvU †QvU As‡k wef³ Kiv nq|
 †Kvb mgm¨v‡K Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvwgs Øviv mgvav‡bi c~‡e© KvM‡R Kj‡g mgvavb Kivi Rb¨ A¨vj‡Mvwi`g e¨envi Kiv
nq|
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 A¨vj‡Mvwi`‡gi cÖwZwU avc ¯úó n‡Z nq|
 †d¬vPvU ev cÖevnwPÎ n‡”Q we‡kl wPý msewjZ avievwnK †cÖvMÖvg wbev©n wPÎ| GwU †cÖvMÖv‡g Base ev wfwË|
 †d¬vPv‡U©i cÖwZwU e‡·i †jLv mnR I ms‡ÿc nIqv Avek¨K| †døvPv‡U©i mKj kZ© I hyw³ mywbw`©ó|
 †d¬vPv‡U©i mvnv‡h¨ †cÖvMÖv‡gi wfZ‡ii fzj mn‡R aiv hvq|

†cÖvMÖvg wWRvBb g‡Wj:

 †cÖvMÖ‡gi MVbixwZ‡K †cÖvMÖvg wWRvBb g‡Wj e‡j| †cÖvMÖvwgs wWRvBb g‡Wj ¸‡jv nj| 1) wfRyqvj †cÖvMÖvwgs 2) B‡f›U
WªvB‡fb †cÖvMÖvwgs 3) Ae‡R± Awi‡q›U †cÖvMÖvwgs 4) ÷ªvKPvW© †cÖvMÖvwgs
 my›`ifv‡e †cÖvMÖvg †jLv I mn‡R eySvq mnvqK n‡”Q †cÖvMÖvg wWRvBb|
 †cÖvMÖvg wWRvB‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi †cÖvMÖvg g‡Wj cÖ‡qvRb nq|
 GWMvi wW-Km‡Uªv cÖ_g eo AvKv‡ii †cÖvMÖvg Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ ÷ªvKPvW© †cÖvMÖvwgs Gi aviYv †`b|
 wm×všÍg~jK MVb, ch©vqµwgK MVb I jyc n‡”Q ÷ªvKPvW© †cÖvMÖvwgs|
 ÷ªvKPvW© †cÖvMÖvwgs Gi myweav nj G‡Z eo AvKv‡ii mgm¨v mn‡R mgvavb Kiv hvq| GKevi †Kvb †KvW wj‡L Zv
GKvwaKevi e¨envi Kiv hvq Ges mgq AcPq †iva Kiv hvq|
 ÷ªvKPvW© †cÖvMÖv‡gi wbw`©ó KvVv‡gv _vKvq wWevwMs Kiv mnR|
 ÷ªvKPvW© †cÖvMÖv‡g wZb ai‡bi KvVv‡gv e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| h_v: 1) ch©vqµwgK KvVv‡gv, 2) wm×všÍg~jK KvVv‡gv Ges
3) PµveZ© KvVv‡gv|
 OOP n‡”Q Ae‡R± Iwi‡q›UW †cÖvMÖvwgs|
 Ae‡R± ev wPÎwfwËK Kgv‡Ûi mvnv‡h¨ cÖPwjZ †cÖvMÖv‡gi 3wU ˆewkó¨ _vK‡Z nq| h_v: 1) Bb‡nwi‡UÝ, 2)
GbK¨vcmy‡jkb, 3) cwjgiwdRg|
 cwjgiwdRg A_© n‡”Q eûiæc|
 wfRyq¨vj †ewmK n‡jv cÖ_g wPÎwfwËK †cÖvMÖvwgs g‡Wj|
 me wfRyq¨vj †cÖvMÖvgB n‡”Q B‡f›U WªvB‡fb †cÖvMÖvg|
 wfRyq¨vj †ewm‡Ki RbwcÖqZv †`‡L †evij¨Û wbg©vb K‡i †Wjwd|
 OOP ev wPÎwfwËK †cÖvMÖvwgqs fvlvi D`vniY n‡jv C++, Java, C# BZ¨vw`|

wm †cÖvMÖv‡gi cÖv_wgK aviYv, ˆewkó¨, K¤úvBwjs I fvlvi MVb:

 1978 mv‡j †Wwbm wiwPi †jLv Ò`¨v wm †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨v½y‡qR Ó eBwU cÖKv‡ki ci Ges gvB‡µv-Kw¤úDUv‡ii RbwcÖqZv
evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ wm Gi e¨vcK cÖPjb ïiæ nq|
 ÔwmÕ †K wgW †j‡fj Kw¤úDUvi fvlv ejv n‡jI GwU g~jZ D”P¯Í‡ii GKwU RbwcÖq †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv|
 wm fvlvi wb‡`©kvejx MwVZ nq dvskb, G·‡cÖkb, †÷U‡g›U Avi wKQz Key words Gi mgš^‡q|
 cÖwZwU wm †cÖvMÖvwgs‡q GKwU Main( ) dvskb _vK‡e|
 Main( ) dvskb †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg wbev©n ïiæ n‡e|
 cÖwZwU dvsk‡bi ïiæ‡Z GKwU wØZxq eÜbx Ô  Õ _vK‡e Ges †k‡lI GKwU wØZxq eÜbx Ô  Õ _vK‡e|
 C GKwU †Km †mb‡mwUf fvlv, GRb¨ C fvlvi †cÖvMÖvg †jLv nq †QvU nv‡Zi Aÿi w`‡q|
 C fvlvq wjwLZ †Kvb †cÖvMÖvg‡K †mvm© †KvW ev †mvm© †cÖvMÖvg e‡j|
 GKwU C †cÖvMÖv‡g cÖavbZ `ywU Ask _v‡K, †nWvi dvBj Ges main dvskb|
 main dvsk‡bi `ywU Ask _v‡K| GKwU Declaration part Ges Ab¨vwU Execution Part.

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 C develop Ki‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq Unix Operating System Avevi C ØvivB Unix Operating System †K
bZzb K‡i †jLv nq|
 C fvlvq GK Kw¤úDUv‡i †jLv †cÖvMÖvg Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡iI e¨envi Kiv hvq|
 C †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv wek^e¨vcx †cÖvMÖvgvi‡`i wbKU mgv`„Z|
 C fvlvq †jLv Drm †cÖvMÖvg‡K e¯‘ †cÖvMÖv‡g cwiYZ Ki‡Z K¤úvBwjs Kiv nq| K¤úvBjvi m¤ú~Y© †cÖvMÖvgwU GKev‡i
Abyev` K‡i Ges me¸‡jv fzj cÖ` k©b K‡i|
 C fvlvi ewa©Z iƒc n‡”Q C++

†WUv UvBc, PjK, aªæeK:

 †WUv n‡jv †Kv‡bv Z‡_¨i g~j GKK|
 †WUv‡K cÖwµqvKiY K‡i Z_¨ cvIqv hvq|
 †WUvi aib Ges †g‡gvwi cwimi msiÿ‡bi wfwˇZ wm †cÖvMÖv‡g e¨eüZ †WUv‡K cÖavbZ Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_v:
char, int, float, double G‡`i‡K †ewmK ev †gŠwjK A_ev weë- Bb †WUv UvBc ejv nq|
 wm/wm ++ †cÖvMÖv‡g c~Y©msL¨v (†hgbÑ 20, 230, 990) BZ¨vw` wb‡q KvR Kivi Rb¨ int UvBc †fwi‡qej e¨eüZ
nq|
 cÖwZwU double UvBU †fwi‡qe‡ji Rb¨ K¤úvBjvi †g‡gvwi‡Z 8 evBU RvqMv msiÿY K‡i|
 †cÖvMÖv‡g †hme ivwki gvb cwieZ©bkxj Zv‡K PjK ev Variable e‡j|
 GKwU Pj‡K GKwU †WUv ivLv hvq| wm †cÖvMÖv‡g e¨eüZ hZ¸‡jv †WUv UvBc Av‡Q Pj‡Ki aibI ZZwU n‡e|
 mvaviYZ Signed/unsigned gwWdvqvi char and int UvBc †fwi‡qe‡ji Rb¨ Ges long and short gwWdvqvi
int and double UvBc †fwi‡qe‡ji Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq|
 wWK¬v‡ik‡bi wfwˇZ PjK‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v Ñ 1. †jvKvj †fwi‡qej ev PjK 2. †Møvevj †fwi‡qej ev
PjK|
 wPý ev cÖZxK¸‡jv‡K ejv nq Acv‡iUi| Acv‡iUi KvR K‡i Acv‡i‡Ûi mv‡_| D`vniY wnmv‡e ejv †h‡Z cv‡i ; A
+B = C G·‡cÖk‡b Ô+Õ I Ô=Õ n‡”Q Acv‡iUi Ges A, B, C n‡”Q Acv‡iÛ|
 cÖwZwU K¤úvBjv‡i GKwU kw³kvjx jvB‡eªwi _v‡K|
 Kb÷¨v›U Øviv †fwi‡qe‡ji gvb wbav©ib|
 †cÖvMÖv‡g †Kv‡bv ivwki gvb AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j Zv‡K| H †cÖvMÖv‡gi aªæeK ev Kb÷¨v›U e‡j|
 aªæeK msL¨v ev K¨v‡i±vi †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi ivwk n‡Z cv‡i| Pj‡Ki gZ aªæe‡Ki I wbw`ó bvg _v‡K|
 wm fvlvq `yB fv‡e aªæeK †NvlYv Kiv hvq| h_v: 1. Const wK- IqvW© e¨envi K‡i 2) Define wcÖcÖ‡mmi e¨envi
K‡i|
 B‡›URvi aªæe‡K `kwgK e¨ZxZ 0-9 ch©šÍ msL¨vMy‡jv _v‡K|
 †d¬vwUs c‡q›U aªæeK 0-9 ch©šÍ `kwgK hy³ msL¨v wb‡q MwVZ|
 w÷ªs aªæeK‡K Wvej †Kv‡Uk‡bi ( ÔÔ Ó ) gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq|

ivwkgvjv, Kx-IqvW© I BbcyU AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›U:

 C †cÖvMÖv‡g 32 wU msiwÿZ kã Av‡Q hv †÷U‡g›U bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 †÷U‡g›U n‡jv †cÖvMÖv‡gi GKwU Ask hvi gva¨‡g Kw¤úDUvi‡K KvR Kivi wb‡`©k †`Iqv nq|
 †cÖvMÖv‡g wZbwU c×wZ‡Z BbcyU †`Iqvi e¨e¯’v _v‡K| h_v: 1. GmvBb‡g›U †÷U‡g›U, 2. GK ev GKvwaK eY© cov
(getchar KgvÛ, gets KgvÛ), 3) di‡g‡UW BbcyU (scanf KgvÛ)|
Page- 117
 GKwU eY© covi Rb¨ getchar KgvÛ Ges GKvwaK eY© covi Rb¨ gets KgvÛ e¨eüZ nq|
 ++ †K ejv nq Bbwd«‡g›Uvj Acv‡iUi|
 & & n‡jv jwRK¨vj Acv‡iUi|
 = = n‡jv wi‡jkbvj Acv‡iUi|
 †÷U‡g›U GK jvB‡bi n‡Z cv‡i Avevi GKvwaK jvB‡bi I n‡Z cv‡i|
 C †cÖvMÖv‡g 32 wU KxIqvW© Av‡Q|
 wKIqvW©¸‡jv GKwU GKK kã nq|
 †Uv‡Kb ej‡Z cÖZxK †evSvq|
 C fvlvq K¤úvDÛ †÷U‡g›U †K   Gi g‡a¨ wjL‡Z nq|

†÷U‡g›U:
 wm †cÖvMÖ‡g K‡›Uªvj †÷U‡g›Umg~n‡K cÖavb `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v: 1. KwÛkbvj K‡›Uªvj †÷U‡g›U, 2. jyc
†÷U‡g›U|
 K‡›Uªvj †÷U‡g›U Gi kZ© mZ¨ nIqv bv nIqvi Dci †cÖvMÖv‡gi gvb wbf©i K‡i|
 Ab¨Zg KwÛkbvj K‡›Uªvj †÷U‡g›U My‡jv n‡”Q: if †÷U‡g›U, if……else †÷U‡g›U, else if ev nested if †÷U‡g›U
I switch †÷U‡g›U|
 If †÷U‡g›U Gici †Kvb Kgv ev †mwg‡Kvjb e¨eüZ nq bv|
 If †÷U‡g›Ui mv‡_ GKvwaK †÷U‡g›U e¨envi Kiv hvq|
 wm †cÖvMÖv‡g †Kvb †÷U‡g›U `y Bev Z‡ZvwaK evi m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ for †÷U‡g›U e¨eüZ nq|
 GKvwaK †÷U‡g›U †_‡K wbw`ó †÷U‡g›U m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ switch †÷U‡g›U e¨envi Kiv nq|
 switch Gi G·‡cÖkb- G float ev double variable e¨envi Kiv hvq bv|
 †cÖvMÖv‡g GKB KvR evi evi Kivi cÖwµqv n‡”Q jyc|
 jyc‡K wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v: 1. Amxg jyc; 2. mgxg jyc; I 3) ga¨eZx© jyc
 For, while, do while, goto n‡”Q Ab¨Zg jyc K‡›Uªvj †÷U‡g›U|
 jyc †÷‡g›Umg~n‡K `yBfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v: -1. Gw›Uª K‡›Uªvj jyc, 2. Gw·U K‡›Uªvj jyc|
 Gw·U K‡›Uªvj jyc m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖavbZ do …… while †÷U‡g›U e¨envi Kiv nq|
 Gw›Uª K‡›Uªvj jyc n‡jv for †÷U‡g›U|
 mmxg jy‡c wbw`ó msL¨K AveZ©b _v‡K|
 KvD›Uvi BwbwkqvjvB‡Rkb As‡k jy‡ci gvb KZ †_‡K ïiæ Zv †NvlYv Kiv nq|
 KvD›Uvi †fwi‡qe‡ji gvb wg_¨v n‡jB jyc †÷U‡g›Ui m¤úv`bv †kl n‡q hvq|
 ‡Kvb jyc ev switch †÷U‡g›U †_‡K ZvrÿwYKfv‡e †ei n‡Z †eªK †÷U‡g›U e¨eüZ nq|

A¨v‡i I dvskb:
 GKB ai‡bi †WUvi mgv‡ek‡K A¨v‡i e‡j|
 GKB ai‡bi A‡bK My‡jv Pj‡Ki Rb¨ A¨v‡i e¨eüZ nq|
 A¨v‡i cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvi| h_v: 1) GKgvwÎK A¨v‡i, 2) eûgvwÎK A¨v‡i|
 wØ- gvwÎK A¨v‡i‡Z 2wU msL¨v Ges wÎ-gvwÎK A¨v‡i‡Z 3wU msL¨v e¨eüZ nq|
 gvÎv Abymv‡i A¨v‡i 3 cÖKvi| h_v: 1) GK-gvwÎK A¨v‡i 2) wØ-gvwÎK A¨v‡i, 3) wÎ-gvwÎK A¨v‡i|
 GKgvwÎK A¨v‡ii AšÍf©~³ †WUv¸‡jv GKwUgvÎ Kjvg ev †iv (mvwi) AvKv‡i _v‡K|
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 wØ-gvwÎK A¨v‡i‡Z †WUvMy‡jv GKB mv‡_ Kjvg I †iv AvKv‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq|
 wm †cÖvMÖv‡g modular †cÖvMÖvwgs Gi Ab¨Zg gva¨g n‡jv dvskb|
 wm †cÖvMÖv‡g dvskb mg~n‡K cÖavb `yBfv‡M fv‡M Kiv hvq| h_v: 1. jvB‡eªwi dvskb, 2. BDRvi-wWdvBÛ dvskb|
 wm K¤úvBjv‡i jvB‡eªwi dvskb bv‡g KZMy‡jv weë Bb dvskb Av‡Q †m¸‡jv‡K Zv‡`i wbR¯^ dig¨vU Abyhvqx main
dvsk‡b e¨eüZ nq|
 Print f ( ), scan f ( ), getch ( ), getchar ( ) BZ¨vw` jvB‡eªwi dvskb|
 BDRvi wWdvBÛ dvskb AvKvi -AvK…wZ I mgm¨vi aiY Ges mgvav‡bi †KŠk‡ji Ici wbf©i K‡i|
 Av¸©‡g›U int, float, char BZ¨vw` UvB‡ci n‡Z cv‡i|
 wm †cÖvMÖv‡g dvskb e¨envi Ki‡Z †M‡j mvaviYZ PviwU welq we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq| h_v: 1. dvskb eY©bv, 2. dvskb
Kj, 3. dvskb †cÖv‡UvUvBc, 4. dvsk‡bi wiUvb© UvBc Ges wiUvb© eY©bv|

kU© †bvU
†cÖvMÖvgt Kw¤cDUvi eyS‡Z cv‡i, Ggb wb‡`©kgvjv‡K †cÖvMÖvg e‡j|

†cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvt †cÖvMÖvg ˆZwii Rb¨ e¨eüZ ms‡KZ, wPý I wbqg¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î †cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlv e‡j| ˆewkó¨ Abyhvqx †cÖvMÖvg
fvlv‡K 5wU ¯Íi ev cÖR‡b¥ fvM Kiv hvq| h_vt
1) 1g cÖR‡b¥i fvlv (1945)t †gwkb fvlv hv Kw¤cDUv‡ii wbR¯^ fvlv| GB fvlvq ïay 0 I 1 e¨eüZ nq|
2) 2q cÖR‡b¥i fvlv (1950)t A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv hv mvs‡KwZK fvlv wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
3) 3q cÖR‡b¥i fvlv (1960)t D”PZi fvlv hvi mv‡_ gvby‡li fvlvi wgj Av‡Q|
4) 4_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv (1970)t AwZ D”PZi fvlv hv‡Z ïay e‡j w`‡Z nq †h Kx djvdj cÖ‡qvRb| GwU 4GL ev 4th
Generation Language.
5) 5g cÖR‡b¥i fvlv (1980)t ¯^vfvweK fvlv

Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvgt †gwkb fvlvq †jLv †cÖvMÖvg‡K ejv nq e¯‘ †cÖvMÖvg Ges Ab¨ †h‡Kvb fvlvq †jLv †cÖvMÖvg‡K ejv nq Drm
†cÖvMÖvg| †h †cÖvMÖv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ Drm †cÖvMÖvg‡K e¯‘ †cÖvMÖv‡g iæcvšÍi Kiv nq Zv‡K Abyev` †cÖvMÖvg e‡j| Abyev` †cÖvMÖvg 3
cÖKvi| h_vt
1) A¨v‡m¤^jvit A¨v‡m¤^w j fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K †gwkb fvlvq Abyev` Kivi Rb¨ †h Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg e¨eüZ nq
Zv‡K A¨v‡m¤^jvi e‡j|
2) K¤cvBjvit nvB †j‡fj fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K †gwkb fvlvq iæcvšÍi K‡i| m¤c~Y© †cÖvMÖvgwU‡K GKmv‡_ iæcvšÍi
K‡i|
3) B›Uvi‡cÖUvit B›Uvi‡cÖUviI K¤cvBjvi Gi gZ nvB †j‡fj fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K †gwkb fvlvq iæcvšÍi K‡i|
m¤c~Y© †cÖvMÖvgwU‡K GK jvBb GK jvBb K‡i iæcvšÍi K‡i|

†cÖvMÖvg ˆZwii avct †h‡Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvg myôfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z KZ¸‡jv avc AbymiY Ki‡Z nq| avc¸‡jv n‡jvt
1. mgm¨v wbw`©óKiY 2. mgm¨v we‡kølY 3. †cÖvMÖvg wWRvBb 4. †cÖvMÖvg Dbœqb 5. †cÖvMÖvg ev¯Íevqb 6. †cÖvMÖvg i¶Yv‡e¶Y|

A¨vj‡Mvwi`gt †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ av‡c av‡c mgvav‡bi †h c×wZ Zv‡K A¨vj‡Mvwi`g e‡j|

†d¬vPvU©t A¨vj‡Mvwi`g Gi avc¸‡jvi wPÎwfwËK iæcvšÍi n‡jv †d¬vPvU©|

†WUv UvBct †WUvi aib †K †WUv UvBc e‡j| †WUvi aiY Ges †g‡gvwi cwimi msi¶‡Yi wfwˇZ wm †cÖvMÖv‡g e¨eüZ †WUv
†K cÖavYZ 4wU fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_vt int, char, float, double | G‡`i‡K †ewmK ev †gŠwjK ev weëBb †WUv UvBc
e‡j|
Page- 119
PjKt †WUv‡K †g‡gvwi‡Z ivLvi Rb¨ GKwU bvg e¨envi Kiv nq| G‡K PjK ev Variable e‡j|

aªyeKt †h ivwki gvb cwieZ©b nq bv Zv‡K aªyeK ev Constant e‡j|

ivwkgvjvt wewfbœ ivwki mgwš^Z Ae¯’v‡K ivwkgvjv ev Expression e‡j|

Kx-IqvW©t cÖ‡Z¨K †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvi wbR¯^ wKQz msiw¶Z kã Av‡Q hv †cÖvMÖvg iPbvi mgq e¨eüZ nq| GB msiw¶Z k㸇jv‡K
Kx-IqvW© e‡j| wm †cÖvMÖv‡g 32wU Kx-IqvW© Av‡Q|

BbcyU AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›Ut †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g Kw¤cDUv‡i †Kvb Z_¨ BbcyU †`qvi Rb¨ †h mKj †÷U‡g›U e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K
BbcyU †÷U‡g›U e‡j| Avi Kw¤cDUvi gwbU‡i †Kvb †cÖvMÖv‡gi djvdj †`Lvi Rb¨ †h mKj †mU‡g›U e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K
AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›U e‡j|

myBP †÷U‡g›Ut GKvwaK †÷U‡g›U †_‡K wbw`©ó †Kvb †÷U‡g›U m¤cv`‡bi Rb¨ myBP †÷U‡g›U (switch statement)
e¨eüZ nq|

jyct †cÖvMÖv‡gi Ask we‡kl cÖ`‡Ë k‡Z© bv †cŠuQv ch©¯Í cybive„wË Kiv‡K jyc e‡j|

A¨v‡it GKB ai‡bi †WUvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ Pj‡Ki GKwU wmwiR n‡”Q A¨v‡i|

dvskbt †h PjK ivwki gvb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv PjK ivwki Ici wbf©ikxj Zv‡K dvskb e‡j|

†d¬vPvU© Gi cÖZxKmg~n
cÖZxK I A_© cÖZxK I A_© cÖZxK I A_© cÖZxK I A_©

ïiæ/†kl BbcyU/AvDUcyU wm×v¯Í cÖwµqvKiY

ms‡hvM
cÖev‡ni w`K

jvB‡eªwi dvskb
jvB‡eªwi dvskb †nWvi dvBj
printf(), scanf(), gets(), puts() <stdio.h>
sqrt(), pow(), log(), sin(), cos(), tan() <math.h>
clrscr(), getch(), textcolor() <conio.h>
wKQz wK-IqvW©
int, double, if, else, do, void, while, for, goto, char, float

Page- 120
 Aa¨vqÑ5: †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language)
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
mvaviY eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi: 04. †gwkb fvlvi myweav †KvbwU? [Xv. †ev: 2017]
cÖ_g cÖRb¥ ev dv÷© †Rbv‡ikb fvlv (K) †cÖvMÖvg mn‡R †jLv hvq
01. †Kvb fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg KwgcDUvi mivmwi eyS‡Z (L) meai‡bi †gwk‡b e¨envi Dc‡hvMx
cv‡i? (M) †cÖvMÖvg mivmwi I `ªæZ Kvh©Kix nq
[Xv. †ev: 2016] (N) †cÖvMÖv‡gi fzj mn‡R kbv³ Kiv hvq
(K) †gwkb fvlv (L) D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv DËi: (M)
(M) A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv (N) PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv e¨vL¨v: †gwkb fvlvi wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg mivmwi I `ªæZ Kvh©Ki|
DËi: (K) †gwkb fvlv: Kw¤úDUvi †gwk‡bi wbR¯^ fvlv‡K †gwkb fvlv
e¨vL¨v: ev wb¤œ¯Í‡ii fvlv ejv nq|
†gwkb fvlvi myw eav: fvlvi me©wb¤œ ¯Íi nj †gwkbfvlv hv AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (M)|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii †gŠwjK fvlv| †gwkbfvlvq 0 I 1 GB evBbvwi A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv
A¼ A_ev †n· c×wZ e¨envi K‡i me wKQz †jLv nq| 05. A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv †Kvb cÖR‡b¥i fvlv?
Kw¤úDUvi GKgvÎ †gwkbfvlvB eyS‡Z cv‡i, Ab¨fvlvq [w`. †ev: 2016]
†cÖvMÖvg Ki‡j Kw¤úDUvi Av‡M Dchy³ Abyev`‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ (K) 1g (L) 2q
Zv‡K †gwkbfvlvq cwiYZ K‡i †bq| (M) 3q (N) 4_©
nvB‡j‡fj fvlv, A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv I PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv DËi: (L)
Kw¤úDUvi mivmwi eyS‡Z cv‡i bv| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK e¨vL¨v:
DËi (K)| A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv: A¨v‡m¤^w j fvlv‡K mvs‡KwZK
02. †Kvb fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖv‡gi Rb¨ Abyev`‡Ki (Symbolic) fvlvI e‡j| Gi cÖPjb ïiæ nq 1950 mvj
cÖ‡qvRb nq bv? [iv. †ev: 2019] †_‡K wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i Kw¤úDUv‡i GB fvlv e¨vcKfv‡e
cÖPwjZ wQj|
(K) Natural (L) Machine AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
(M) High Level (N) Assembly 06. mvs‡KwZK wPý w`‡q wjwLZ fvlv †KvwbU?
DËi: (L) [P. †ev: 2019]
e¨vL¨v: (K) hvwš¿K (L) A¨v‡m¤^wj
Note: c~‡e©i cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨vq †`Lyb| (M) D”P¯Í‡ii (N) PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i
DËi: (L)
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
e¨vL¨v: A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv n‡”Q †gwkb fvlvi cieZx© †cÖvMÖv‡gi
03. mvs‡KwZK fvlv †KvbwU? [wm. †ev: 2016] fvlv| G fvlv wewfbœ ms‡KZ mn‡hv‡M MwVZ| ZvB G‡K
(K) †gwkb fvlv mvs‡KwZK fvlvI ejv nq| A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvq mvs‡KwZK
(L) A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv †KvW wb‡`©k †`qv nq| A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvI wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K
(M) D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv †gwk‡bi fvlvq iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi Rb¨ A¨v‡m¤^jvi bvgK GK
(N) AwZ D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv ai‡bi Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg e¨envi Kiv nq|
DËi: (L) AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
PZz_© cÖRb¥ ev †dv_© †Rbv‡ikb fvlv
e¨vL¨v: A¨v‡¯^wj fvlv: A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv n‡”Q †gwkb fvlvi
07. 4GL ej‡Z eySvqÑ [Kz. †ev: 2016]
cieZx© †cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlv| G fvlv wewfbœ ms‡KZ mn‡hv‡M (K) AwZ D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv (L) D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv
MwVZ| ZvB G‡K mvs‡KwZK fvlvI ejv nq| (M) ga¨g ¯Í‡ii fvlv (N) wb¤œ¯Í‡ii fvlv
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)| DËi: (K)

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e¨vL¨v: PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv (4GL): Kw¤úDUv‡i mn‡R Abyev`K mdUIq¨vi
e¨env‡ii Rb¨ D™¢vweZ we‡kl K‡qKwU PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv 12. Abyev`K mdUIq¨vi Kq ai‡bi? [P. †ev: 1016]
(4GL) ejv nq| D”PZi fvlvi Zzjbvq PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv (K) 2 (L) 3 (M) 4 (N) 5
ev 4GL LyeB mnR hw`I 4GL Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡mwms ÿgZv DËi: (L)
†ewk `iKvi|
e¨vL¨v: Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg: †h †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g Drm †cÖvMÖvg
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)|
08. †Kvb fvlvq nvW©Iq¨vi wbqš¿‡Yi cvkvcvwk D”P¯Í‡ii †K hš¿fvlvq Abyev` K‡i e¯‘ †cÖvMÖvg G cwiYZ K‡i Zv‡K
fvlvi myweav cvIqv hvq? [iv. †ev: 2019] Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg ejv nq| wZb ai‡bi Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg
(K) PASCAL (L) COBOL i‡q‡Q| h_vÑ
(M) C (N) FORTRAN 1| K¤úvBjvi (Compiler)
DËi: (M) 2| B›UviwcÖUvi (Interpreter)
e¨vL¨v: 3| A¨v‡m¤^jvi (Assembler)
C fvlvq nvW©Iq¨vi wbqš¿‡Yi cvkvcvwk D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvi
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
myweav cvIqv hvq| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (M)|
09. †KvbwU PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv? [w`. †ev: 2017] 13. C fvlvq †jKv †cÖvMÖvg‡K wK †KvW ejv nq?
(K) BASIC (L) PASCAL [gv. †ev: 16]
(M) INTELLECT (N) CSL (K) AvmwK (L) †mvm© ‡KvW
DËi: (M) (M) Ae‡R± (N) BDwb‡KvW
e¨vL¨v: DËi: (L)
PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv (4GL): Kw¤úDUv‡i mnR e¨env‡ii e¨vL¨v: †mvm© ev Drm †cÖvMÖvg: †gwk‡bi fvlv e¨ZxZ Ab¨
Rb¨ D™¢vweZ we‡kl K‡qKwU fvlv‡K PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv †h‡Kvb fvlvq iwPZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K †mvm© ev Drm †cÖvMÖvg ejv nq
(4GL) ejv nq| D”PZi fvlvi Zzjbvq PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv Ges †gwk‡bi fvlvq iƒcvšÍwiZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K Ae‡R± ev e¯‘
†cÖvMÖvg ejv nq|
ev 4GL LyeB mnR hw`I 4GL Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡mwms ÿgZv
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
†ewk `iKvi| PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨
14. Drm †cÖvMÖvg  ?  e¯‘ †cÖvMÖvg (?) wPwýZ ¯’v‡b wK
K‡qKwU n‡”Q SQL, NOMAD, PRG III, FOCUS,
n‡e?
INTELLECT BZ¨vw`| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi
(K) K¤úvBjvi (L) B›Uvi‡cÖUvi
(M)|
(M) A¨v‡m¤^jvi (N) wjsKvi
10. †KvbwU ¯^vfvweK fvlv? [h. †ev: 2017]
DËi: (K)
(K) 4GL (L) 5GL
(M) †gwkb fvlv (N) A¨vwm¤^jx fvlv Note: c~‡e©i cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨vq †`Lyb|
DËi: (L) 15. Drm †cÖvMÖvg‡K GK‡Î e¯‘ †cÖvMÖv‡g iƒcvšÍi K‡i
e¨vL¨v: gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK fvlv‡K 5GL ev cÂg cÖR‡b¥i †KvbwU?
†cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlv wnmv‡e e¨env‡ii †Póv Pj‡Q| [w`. †ev: 2017]
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)| (K) K¤úvBjvi (L) B›Uvi‡cÖUvi
(M) wjsKvi (N) A¨v‡m¤^jvi
11. OPSS †Kvb cÖR‡b¥i fvlv? [Kz. †ev: 2019]
DËi: (K)
(K) cÂg (L) PZz_©
(M) Z…Zxq (N) wØZxq e¨vL¨v: K¤úvBjvi: D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvi †jKv Drm †cÖvMÖvg‡K e¯‘
DËi: (K) †cÖvMÖv‡g iƒcvšÍi Kivi †cÖvMÖv‡K K¤úvBjvi ejv nq|
K¤úvBjvi m¤ú~Y© †cÖvMÖvgwU‡K GKmv‡_ c‡o Ges GKmv‡_
e¨vL¨v:
Abyev` K‡i| G Kvi‡Y K¤úvBjvi Pvjbvi Rb¨ †ewk cwigvY
cÂg cÖR‡b¥i †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvi D`vniY OPSS Ges
†g‡gvwii cÖ‡qvRb nq| B›Uvi‡cÖvUb bvgK †cÖvMÖvg †cÖvMÖv‡gi
†mvm© †KvW‡K GK jvBb GK jvBb K‡i †gwkb fvlvq
Merely
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)|
Page- 122
Abyev` K‡i| A¨v‡m¤^jv‡ii KvR nj A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvq e¨vL¨v:
wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K †gwkb fvlvi e¯‘ †cÖvMÖv‡g Abyev` Kiv| BbcyU/AvDUcyU: BbcyU/AvDUcyU †evSv‡Z wPý
Ôwm cÖvMÖvgÕ Ayev`K mdUIq¨vi bq| e¨eüZ nq|
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)|
†cÖvMÖv‡gi msMVb 21. †cÖvMÖvg ˆZwi‡Z †cÖvMÖvg wWRvB‡bi cieZx© avc
16. †KvbwU wm-fvlvq e¨eüZ Kx IqvW©? †KvbwU? [mw¤§wjZ †evW©Ñ2018]
[iv. †ev: 2016] (K) mgm¨v we‡kølY (L) †cÖvMÖvg †KvwWs
(K) ing (L) for (M) †cÖvMÖvg ev¯Íevqb (N) †cÖvMÖvg iÿYv‡eÿY
(M) select (N) href DËi: (L)
DËi: (L) e¨vL¨v: Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨
e¨vL¨v: KxIqvW©: ÷¨vÛvW© wm‡Z e¨env‡ii Rb¨ †gvU 47wU †cÖvMÖvg iPbvi cuvPwU avc i‡q‡Q| h_v:Ñ
Ges wm++ G 62wU KxIqvW© Av‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ for GKwU| 1| mgm¨v we‡kølY/kbv³KiY
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)| 2| †cÖvMÖvg wWRvBb
†cÖvMÖvg ˆZwii avcmg~n 3| †cÖvMÖvg †W‡fjc‡g›U Ges †KvwWs
17. †cÖvMÖvg †d¬vPvU© cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb cÖZxKwU 4| †cÖvMÖvg ev¯Íevqb (†Uw÷s I †cÖvMÖv‡gi wWevwMs)
e¨eüZ nq? [e. †ev: 2016] 5| †cÖvMÖvg iÿYv‡eÿY|
(K) e„Ë (L) mvgvšÍwiK AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
(M) AvqZ‡ÿÎ (N) i¤^m 22. †cÖvMÖvg †KvwWs Gi c~e©eZx© avc †KvbwU?
DËi: (M) [w`. †ev: 2019]
e¨vL¨v: cÖwµqvKiY cÖZxK: †d¬vPv‡U© cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Rb¨ (K) mgmv we‡kølY (L) †cÖvMÖvg wWRvBb
AvqZ‡ÿÎ e¨eüZ nq| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (M)| (M) †cÖvMÖvg ev¯Íevqb (N) †cÖvMÖvg iÿYv‡eÿY
18. †cÖvMÖvg †d¬vPv‡U© cÖwµqvKi‡Yi wPý †KvbwU? DËi: (L)
[Kz. †ev: 16] Note: c~‡e©i cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨vq †`Lyb|
(K) (L) 23. †cÖvMÖv‡gi fzjÎæwU Lyu‡R †ei K‡i Zv ms‡kva‡bi
(M) (N) c×wZ‡K wK e‡j?
DËi: (K) [wm. †ev: 2017]
e¨vL¨v: cÖwµqvKiY cÖZxK: †cÖvMÖvg †d¬vPv‡U© cÖwµqvKiY (K) †KvwWs (L) wW‡KvwWs
†evSv‡Z   wPý e¨eüZ nq| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (M) Gb‡KvwWs (N) wWevwMs
(K)| DËi: (N)
19. †cÖvMÖvg †d¬vPv‡U© cÖwµqvKi‡Y †Kvb cÖZxKwU e¨eüZ e¨vL¨v: wWevwMs: †cÖvMÖv‡gi fzjÎæwU Lyu‡R †ei K‡i Zv `~i
nq? [w`. †ev: 2019] Kiv‡K e‡j wWevwMs, Gi AvÿwiK A_© †cvKv evQv| 1945
(K) (L) mv‡j gvK© 1 Kw¤úDUviwUi wfZ‡i GKwU g_‡cvKv †XvKvq
(M) (N) Kw¤úDUviwU nVvr eÜ n‡q hvq| G †_‡KB wWevwMs K_vwUi
DËi: (L) DrcwË| me fzjÎæwU `~i bv nIqv ch©šÍ †Kvb †cÖvMÖvgB
Note: c~‡e©i cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨vq †`Lyb| e¨envi Kiv hvq bv|
20. †cÖvMÖvwgs Gi †ÿ‡Î BbcyU ev AvDUcyU wPý wn‡m‡e AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)|
e¨eüZ nq †KvbwU? [gv. †ev: 2016] 24. cÖZxKwU †Kvb Kv‡R e¨envi nq?
[e. †ev: 2019]
(K) (L)
(K) wm×všÍ MÖnY (L) cÖw µqvKiY
(M) (N) (M) †WUv BbcyU (N) †WUv AvDUcyU
DËi: (N) DËi: (K)

Page- 123
e¨vL¨v: †cÖvMÖvg †cøvPv‡U© †cÖvMÖv‡gi wewfbœ av‡ci we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v:
weeiY †`qv nq| GB †d¬vPv‡U© Abymv‡i Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvg Ae‡R± Awi‡q›UW †cÖvMÖvwgs:
iPbv Kiv nq| ZvQvov †cÖvMÖv‡gi fzj wbY©‡q I ms‡kvab Ges †Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv‡K Ae‡R± Iwi‡q‡›UW †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv
†cÖvMÖvg cixÿvi Rb¨ GB †d¬vPvU© e¨envi Kiv nq|
n‡j Kgc‡ÿ wZbwU ˆewkó¨ _vK‡Z nq| G¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
†cÖvMÖvg †d¬vPv‡U©i Rb¨ e¨eüZ cÖZxKmg~n:
1| Bb‡nwi‡UÝ
ïiæ/†kl
2| GbK¨vcmy‡jkb
wm×všÍ
3| cwjgiwdRg
BbcyU/AvDUcyU
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
Kv‡b±i
wm †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv
cÖwµqvKiY
28. wm †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq switch Kx? [wm. †ev: 2019]
c~e©wba©vwiZ
(K) f¨vwi‡qej (L) dvskb
cÖev‡ni w`K
 (M) Kx-IqvW© (N) Acv‡iÛ
UvKv DËi: (M)
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)| e¨vL¨v: †cÖvMÖv‡gi Rb¨ msiwÿZ we‡kl kã hv K¤úvBjv‡ii
25. †cÖvMÖv‡g †Kvb ai‡bi fz‡ji Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi evZ©v Kv‡Q c~e©wba©vwiZ †Kvb we‡kl Aa© enb K‡i Zv‡K KxIqvW©
†`q? [Kz. †ev: 2017] ejv nq| wm fvlvq e¨eüZ wewfbœ KxIqvW© †hgb int, char,
(K) wmbU¨v· fzj (L) jwRK¨vj fzj float BZ¨vw`| GKwU wbw`©ó A_© enb K‡i Ges †cÖvMÖv‡gi
(M) †WUv fzj (N) †h †Kv‡bv fzj GKwU wbw`©ó KvR m¤úv`b K‡i| KxIqvW©¸‡jv cÖPwjZ
DËi: (K) A‡_©i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© bvI n‡Z cv‡i|
e¨vL¨v: break do go to return void

wmbU¨v· fz‡ji Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi evZ©v †`q|

char double if int short while
const else long size of
wmbU¨v· fzj: wmbU¨v· fzj ej‡Z †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq continue float switch
e¨vKiYMZ fzj †evSvq| Kgv, eªv‡KU wVKgZ bv †`Iqv, default for
†Kvb X‡ji gvb bv Rvbv‡bv cÖf…wZ wmbU¨v· fz‡ji D`vniY|
Gme fz‡ji †ejvq Kw¤úDUvi GKwU fzj evZ©v Qvcvq ZvB ˆewkó¨
fzj ms‡kvab Kiv LyeB mnR| D‡jøL¨, jwRK fz‡ji †ÿ‡Î 29. C †cÖvMÖv‡gi KvVv‡gv wmKz‡qÝ †KvbwU? [Xv. †ev:
Kw¤úDUvi fz‡ji evZ©v cvVvq bv| ZvB jwRK fzj ms‡kvab 2017]
Kómva¨| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)|
26. †KvbwU Ae‡R± Awi‡q‡›UW †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv? (K) main()#include
[wm.†ev: 2019] (L) #includemain()
(K) BASIC (L) HTML (M) mian ()include()
(M) C (N) Java (N) # include <> main ()
DËi: (N) DËi: (N)
e¨vL¨v: e¨vL¨v: wm †cÖvMÖvg wb¤œwjwLZ KvVv‡gvi mgš^‡q MwVZ
OOP Gi D`vniY C++, C#, Java, Python, Ruby.
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)|
1. Documentation section.
 Hw”QK Ask
27. Bb‡nwi‡UÝ †Kvb †cÖvMÖvwgs g‡WjÑGi ˆewkó¨?
[h.†ev:19]  cÖ‡qvRbxq gšÍe¨ ev comment _v‡K|
(K) ÷ªvKPvW© †cÖvMÖvwgs 2. Link section
(L) Ae‡R± Iwi‡q‡›UW †cÖvMÖvwgs  Avek¨Kxq Ask|
(M) wfRyqvj †cÖvMÖvwgs  cÖ‡qvRbxq †nWvi dvBj mshy³ Kiv nq|
(N) B‡f›U WªvB‡fb †cÖvMÖvwgs  †nWvi dvBj ms‡hv‡Mi wbqk #
DËi: (L) include<Header- file-name>

Page- 124
 †WUv UvBc
3. Defination Section
 Hw”QK Ask
 cÖ‡qvRbxq symbolic constant †K # define 31. C †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq long integer PjK †g‡gvwi‡Z
Gi gva¨‡g †jLv nq KZ evBU RvqMv †bq? [Kz. †ev: 2016]
4. Global Declaration Section (K) 2 evBU (L) 4 evBU
 Hw”QK Ask (M) 8 evBU (N) 16 evBU
 mKj PjK †NvlYv Kiv nq DËi: (L)
5. Main () Function Section e¨vL¨v: †g‡gvwi‡Z integer †jLvi Rb¨ 32 weU ev 4 evBU
 Avek¨Kxq Ask RvqMv †bq|
 m¤ú~Y© Ask {} Øviv Ave× _v‡K| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)
32. mKj abvZ¥K I FYvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v‡K wK ejv nq?
[P. †ev: 2016]
6. Subprogram Section
 Hw”QK Ask
(K) Kv‡i±vi (L) Bw›URvi
 e¨enviKvix KZ…©K ˆZwi dvskb †jKv nq| (M) wiqvj (N) Wvej
C †cÖvMÖv‡gi AZ¨vekKxq `yB Ask nj Link section I DËi: (L)
main () function section. e¨vL¨v: Bw›URvi: mg¯Í abvZ¥K I FYvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v‡KB
G‡`i g‡a¨ wmKz‡qÝ n‡”Q # include< >main () Bw›URvi e‡j|
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)
30. getch ( ) Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Header file 33. float type Pj‡Ki Rb¨ †g‡gvwi‡Z KZ evBU
RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb nq? [iv. †ev: 2017]
†KvbwU? [e. †ev: 2017]
(K) 1 (L) 2
(K) stdio. h (L) conio. h (M) 4 (N) 8
(M) math. h (N) graphics. h DËi: (M)
DËi: (L) e¨vL¨v: float type Pj‡Ki Rb¨ †gmwi‡Z 4 evBU ev 32
e¨vL¨v: getch ( ) dvsk‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †nWvi dvBj weU RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb| wb‡P K‡qKwU †WUv UvB‡ci Rb¨
contio.h wb‡P AviI dvsk‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq †nWvi dvBj †ggwi‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMvi cwigvY †`Iqv n‡jv:
wb‡P †`Iqv nj †WUv UvBc †ggwi‡Z RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb
dvsk‡bi bvg †nWvi dvBj integer 2 evBU ev 16 weU
printf ( ) <stdio.h> Float 4 evBU ev 32 weU
Double 4 evBU ev 64 weU
scanf ( ) <stdio.h> Character 1 evBU ev 8 weU
gets ( ) <stdio.h> AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (M)|
34. wm fvlvq float †WUv UvBc KZ we‡Ui?
[iv. †ev: 2019]
getch ( ) <conio.h>
getche ( ) <conio.h> (K) 16 (L) 32
(M) 48 (N) 64
DËi: (L)
getehe ( ) <math.h>

Note: c~‡e©i cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨vq †`Lyb|

sqrt ( ) <math.h>
pow ( ) <math.h> 35. ÒwmÓ fvlvi Bw›URvi †WUv UvBc KZ we‡Ui?
strcpy ( ) <string.h> [Xv. †ev: 19]
(K) 8 (L) 16
(M) 32 (N) 64
streat ( ) <string.h>
strctnp ( ) <string.h> DËi: (L)
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)| e¨vL¨v:
Page- 125
Integer: mg¯Í abvZ¥K I FYvZ¥K c~Y© msL¨v‡KB Bw›URvi Note: c~‡e©i cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨vq †`Lyb|
ejv nq| G‡`i‡K int bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq| †ggwi‡Z 40. wb‡Pi †KvwbU mwVK? [h. †ev: 2019]
Bw›URvi msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ 2 evBU ev 16 weU RvqNv cÖ‡qvRb| (K) int number_1 (L) int number 1
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)| (M) int 1 number (N) int number_1
DËi: (N)
PjK
Note: c~‡e©i 38bs cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨vq †`Lyb|
36. wb‡Pi †KvwbU mwVK PjK? [e. †ev: 2016] Acv‡iUi Abcv‡iÛ I G·‡cÖkb
(K) -1 test (L) test 1 41. †KvbwU m¤úK©hy³ Acv‡iUi? [iv. †ev: 2016]
(M) test @ (N) test_1 (K) + (L) >=
DËi: (N) (M) AND (N) <<
e¨vL¨v: Pj‡Ki ˆeaZv: †fwi‡qe‡ji bvgKi‡Y AvÛvi‡¯‹vi DËi: (L)
e¨envi Kiv hvq| wKš‘ gvSLv‡b duvKv ivLv wKsev e¨vL¨v: wi‡jkbvj Acv‡iUi: †QvU bv eo, eo bv mgvb, G
ai‡bi Zzjbvg~jK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wi‡jkbvj Acv‡iUi e¨eüZ
AcÖ‡qvRbxq wPý †`qv Aby‡gvw`Z bq|
nq| G ai‡bi Acv‡iUi n‡”Q <,>=,<,<=,== BZ¨vw`|
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
37. wmÑfvlvq DcvË MÖn‡Yi KgvÛ †KvbwU? 42. ÔwmÕ fvlvi G·‡cÖkb X=pow
[Xv. †ev: 2016] (3,2)+(5%2)+3.X Gi gvb KZ?
(K) main() (L) print() [P. †ev: 2019]
(M) scanf() (N) getch() (K) 10 (L) 11
DËi: (M) (M) 12 (N) 13
e¨vL¨v: BbcyU KgvÛ: wm †cÖvMÖv‡g Kxцev‡W©i gva¨‡g DËi: (N)
e¨vL¨v:
†fwi‡qe‡ji gvb MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ scanf () dvskb e¨eüZ
pow(3,2)+(5%2)+3
nq| = pow+9+1+3
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (M)| = 13 Ans:
38. C fvlvq mwVK PjK †KvbwU? [e. †ev: 2017] AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)|
(K) st-name (L) $ stname 43. wm fvlvq && †K †Kvb ai‡bi Acv‡iUi ejv nq?
[iv. †ev: 2017]
(M) 1 stname (N) 1st-name
(K) Arithmetic (L) Relation
DËi: mwVK DËi bvB
(M) Logical (N) Assignment
e¨vL¨v: DËi: (M)
 C fvlvq †fwi‡qej bvgKi‡Y AvÛvi‡¯‹vi e¨ZxZ Ab¨ e¨vL¨v: jwRK¨vj Acv‡iUi: Ai, GÛ BZ¨vw` jwRK¨vj
†Kvb †¯úkvj K¨v‡i±vi (†hgb-*!, Acv‡ik‡bi Rb¨ jwRK¨vj Acv‡iUi e¨eüZ nq| | |,
@,#,$,%,*,+,) e¨envi Kiv hvq bv| ZvB &&, ! BZ¨vw` jwRK¨vj (Logical) Acv‡iUi Gi
st.name, $ staname, 1 st-name mwVK AšÍfz©³| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (M)|
44. †KvbwU jwRK¨vj A¨vÛ Acv‡iU‡ii wPý? [P. †ev:
†fwi‡qej bq|
2017]
 †fwi‡qej bvg wWwRU ev AsL w`‡q ïiæ n‡Z cv‡i bv (K) | | (L) !
Ges bv‡gi g‡a¨ †Kvb duvKv ¯’vb _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| (M) && (N) ==
ZvB 1 staname †fwi‡qej bq| DËi: (M)
 †Kvb mwVK PjK †bB| Note: c~‡e©i cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨vq †`Lyb|
39. †KvbwU wm fvlvq ˆea PjK? [e. †ev: 2019] 45. wm fvlvq wi‡jkbvj Acv‡iUi Kq ai‡bi?
[P. †ev: 17]
(K) main (L) chair
(K) 2 (L) 3
(M) my & Roll (N) My_Roll (M) 5 (N) 6
DËi: (L) DËi: (N)
Page- 126
 e¨vL¨v: break, if, else msiwÿZ kã n‡jI function msiwÿZ
wm fvlvq wi‡jkbvj Acv‡iUi 6 ai‡bi wi‡jkbvj kã bq|
Acv‡iUiÑ AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)|
wm †cÖvMÖv‡g `y‡Uv Acv‡i‡Ûi g‡a¨ m¤úK© (†hgb: †QvU, †QvU
47. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Kx Iqv‡W©i D`vniY?
ev mgvb, eo, eo ev mgvb BZ¨vw`) †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ †h
Acv‡iUi e¨eüZ nq, Zv‡K wi‡jkbvj Acv‡iUi ejv nq| [Kz. †ev: 2019]
C-†Z 6wU Relational Operator Av‡Q| wb‡Pi list (K) long, int, scanf
Gi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv: (L) short, cos, void
Acv‡iUi Acv‡iU‡ii bvg D`vniY cÖkœ ev Zzjbvi (M) for, line, while
wPý eY©bv ev,
Acv‡iU‡ii KvR (N) return, goto, break
< Less than a<b a-Gi gvb wK b- DËi: (N)
Gi Kg? Note: c~‡e©i cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨vq †`Lyb|
> Greater than a>b a-Gi gvb wK b- BbcyU AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›U
Gi †ewk?
a-Gi gvb wK b-
48. wZbwU c~Y©msL¨v (a, b, c) KxÑ †ev‡W©i Øviv BbcyU
†bqvi Rb¨ BbcyU dvsk‡bi mwVK e¨envi wb‡Pi
<= Less than or a<=b
equal to Gi Kg wKsev
mgvb? †KvbwU?
>= Greater than or a>=b a-Gi gvb wK b- [P. †ev: 16]
Gi †ewk wKsev
(K) scanf ("%d, %d, %d", &a, &b, &c)
equal to
mgvb?
== Equal a==b a-Gi gvb wK b- (L) scanf ("%d %d %d", &a, &b, &c)
Gi mgvb? (M) scanf ("% % % d d d", &a, &b, &c)
!= Not equal a!=b a-Gi gvb wK b- (N) scanf ("%d %d %d", a, b, c)
Gi mgvb bq?
DËi: (L)
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)|
e¨vL¨v:
Kx IqvW©
BbcyU dvskb: †cÖvMÖvg ivb Kivi mgq e¨envi Kvixi wbKU
46. wb‡Pi †KvbwU msiwÿZ kã bq? [P. †ev: 2017]
†_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq †WUv †bqvi Rb¨ scanf ( ) dvskb e¨eüZ
(K) break (L) if nq|
(M) else (N) function `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK BbcyU †WUv †bqvi Rb¨ †÷U‡g‡›Ui MVb
DËi: (N) n‡jvÑ
e¨vL¨v: scan ("%d%d%d...%d", &variable l,
msiwÿZ kã: †cÖvMÖv‡g e¨eüZ wewfbœ kã i‡q‡Q hv GKwU &variable2, &variable3,....&vriable n);
wbw`©ó A_© enb K‡i Ges GKwU wbw`©ó KvR m¤úv`b K‡i| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
G‡`i‡K msiwÿZ kã ejv nq| 49. Printf () Gi mvnv‡h¨ †WUv †Kv_vq cvVv‡bv nq?
asm do go to protected template [w`.†ev: 16]
auto double huge public this
(K) BbcyU gvb BbcyU gva¨‡g
(L) AvDUcyU gvb AvDUcyU gva¨‡g
break ds if register throw
casm else inline return try

(M) BbcyU gvb AvDUcyU gva¨‡g

catch enum int _savereg typedef

(N) AvDUcyU gvb BbcyU gva¨‡g

cdecl es interrupt _seg union
char extern loadds short unsigned

DËi: (M)
class export long signed virtual

e¨vL¨v: AvDUcyU dvskb: Printf ( ) GKwU eûj e¨eüZ

const far near sizeof void
continue fastcall new _ss volatile

AvDUcyU †m÷‡g›U Gi mvnv‡h¨ BbcyU gvb AvDUcyU gva¨‡g

cs float operator static while
default for friend pascal struct
delete private switch cvVv‡bv nq|
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (M)|
Page- 127
50. †d¬vwUs †WUvi di‡gU †¯úvwmdvqvi †KvbwU? e¨vL¨v:
[h. †ev: 2019] for †÷U‡g‡›Ui MVb Abyhvhx i Gi gvb 2 †_‡K ïiæ n‡e
(K) %d (L) %f Ges cÖwZevi 2 K‡i evo‡e Ges i Gi gvb 10 Gi †QvU ev
(M) %c (N) %s mgvb n‡e|
DËi: (L) mwVK avivwU n‡e 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
e¨vL¨v: float UvBc †WUv BbcyU/AvDU Kivi dig¨vU AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
†¯úwmdvqvi %f. 54. # include<stdio.h>
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)| main ( )
51. double †WUv UvB‡ci Rb¨ di‡gU †¯úwmdvqvi {
†KvbwU? int i;
(K) %d (L) %f for (i=1, i<=10; i+=2)
(M) %lf (N) %s printf ("%d", i);
DËi: (M) }
e¨vL¨v: double UvBc †WUv BbcyU/AvDUcyU Kivi dig¨vU }
†cÖvMÖvgwUi AvDUcyU †KvbwU?
†¯úwmdvqvi %1f.
[Kz. †ev: 2019]
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (M)|
52. cieZx© jvB‡b hvIqvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nqÑ (K) 12345678910 (L) 123456789
[h. †ev: 2019] (M) 13579 (N) 246810
DËi: (M)
(K) \a (L) \b
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cieZx© GKwU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
(M) \v (N) \f
DËi: (N)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
e¨vL¨v: int main ( )
we‡kl K‡qKwU K¨v‡i±vi Qvov ( †hgb: \, ", ‘\n, \t { int i, k;
BZ¨vw`) printf() dvskb Øviv Kx‡ev‡W©i mKj K¨v‡i±vi i=8;
mivmwi cÖ` k©b Kiv hvq| GB we‡kl K¨v‡i±vi¸‡jv‡K k=i++;
e¨vK¯øvm K¨v‡i±vi ejv nq| †hgb:
print f("i and k: %d%d"; i, k);
getch ( );
\aAlarm `v‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| }
\bAvDUcyU †cQ‡b (ev‡g) GKNi miv‡bvi Rb¨ e¨envi 55. DÏxc‡Ki †cÖvMÖvgwUi AvDUcyU †KvbwU? [e. †ev:
Kiv nq| 2019]
\fAvDUcyU wb‡Pi jvB‡b cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq| (K) 10 9 (L) 9 10
\vAvDUcyU wb‡Pi w`‡K wbw`©ó `~i ‡Z¡ cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ (M) 9 8 (N) 8 9
e¨envi Kiv nq| DËi: (N)
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)| 56. for (i=1; i<=5; i++)
jyc K‡›Uªvj †÷U‡g›U {if (i==3) continue}
53. for (i=2; i<=10; i=i+2) Gi printf("%d",i) printf ("HSC Exam");
aviv †KvbwU? [h. †ev: 2017] }
(K) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 DÏxc‡Ki †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z "HSC Exam" KZevi
(L) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 cÖ`wk©Z n‡e? [mw¤§wjZ †evW©Ñ2018]
(M) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 (K) 1 (L) 2
(N) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 (M) 4 (N) 5
DËi: (L) DËi: (M)

Page- 128
e¨vL¨v: wm †cÖvMÖv‡g kZ©hy³ A_ev kZ©wenxbfv‡e †Kvb jy‡ci Note: c~‡e©i cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨vq †`Lyb|
cybive„wË Kivi Rb¨ continue †÷U‡g›U e¨eüZ nq| 60. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wØ-gvwÎK A¨v‡ii D`vniY?
continue †÷U‡g›U †cÖvMÖvg c‡q›Uvi‡K c~e©eZx© †÷U‡g›U [iv. †ev: 2017]
ev jy‡ci cÖvi‡¤¢ ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i| continue statement (K) mark [5.6] (L) mark (5,6)
kZ©vbyhvqx wµqvkxj| (M) mark [5] [6] (N) mark (5) (6)
Dchy©³ †cÖvMÖv‡g For loop i‡q‡Q Ges continue DËi: (M)
†÷U‡g›U e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î i=1, 2, 4, 5 Gi Rb¨ e¨vL¨v:
"HSC Exam" †jLvwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| wKš‘ i=3 Gi Rb¨ wØgvwÎK A¨v‡i: hw` †Kvb A¨v‡ii †WUv¸‡jv GKK mvwi Ges
"HSC Exam" †jLvwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e bv| KviY Kjvg AvKv‡i Dc¯’vwcZ _v‡K Ges `ywU mvew¯ŒÞ Øviv
continue statement Gi Rb¨ i=3 gv‡bi Rb¨ printf cÖKvwkZ nq Z‡e †mB A¨v‡i‡K wØgvwÎK A¨v‡i ejv nq|
("HSC Exam"); wµqvkxj n‡e bv| A_©vr i=1, 2, 4, †hgbÑ int marks [5] [6];
5 GB Pvi gv‡bi Rb¨ HSC Exam †jLvwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (M)|
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (M)| dvskb
A¨v‡i 61. # include<stdio.h>main ()
57. †KvbwU wm fvlvi dvskb? [Xv. †ev: 2016] {
(K) int (L) stdio.h int x;
(M) printf (N) for for (x=5; x<=10; x++)
DËi: (M) {
e¨vL¨v: jvB‡eªix dvskb: wm K¤úvBjv‡i we`¨gvb jvB‡eªix
printf("%d",x);
dvskb bv‡gi wewfbœ weëBb dvskbmg~n Zv‡`i wbR¯^ it (x==6)
dig¨vU Abyhvqx main () dvsk‡b e¨envi Kiv hvq| break;
printf (), scanf (), getch (), getchar () G ai‡bi }
jvB‡eªix dvsk‡bi D`vniY| }
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (M)| †cÖvMÖvgwUi AvDUcyU †KvbwU? [P. †ev: 2019]
58. mgcÖK…wZi †WUvi mgv‡ek‡K wK ejv nq? (K) 5 (L) 56
[wm. †ev: 2017] (M) 5789 (N) 6789
(K) ÷ªvKPvi (L) dvskb DËi: (K)
(M) wjsKwj÷ (N) A¨v‡i eûc`x mgvwßm~PK cÖ‡kœvËi:
DËi: (N) 62. †gwkb fvlvÑ [P. †ev: 2016]
e¨vL¨v: i. Ab¨vb¨ fvlv n‡Z `ªæZ wbe©vn nq
mgcÖK…wZi WvUvi mgv‡ek nj A¨v‡i| ii. h‡š¿i Ici wbf©ikxj _v‡K
A¨v‡i: GKwU mvaviY †fwi‡qe‡ji bv‡gi AvIZvq †ggwi‡Z iii. ZvovZvwo †cÖvMÖvg †jLv hvq
cici msiwÿZ GKB UvB‡ci KZ¸‡jv †WUvi mgwó‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A¨v‡i ejv nq| Ab¨ K_vq, A¨v‡i n‡jv GKB UvB‡ci (K) i, ii (L) i, iii
KZ¸‡jv †fwi‡qe‡ji †mU| (N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)| DËi: (K)
59. wm fvlvq mgRvZxq †WUv msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ †KvbwU
e¨vL¨v:
e¨envi Kiv nq? [mw¤§wjZ †evW©Ñ2018]
†gwkb fvlv: fvlvi me©wb¤œ ¯Íi nj †gwkbfvlv hv
(K) dvskb (L) c‡q›Uvi
Kw¤úDUv‡ii †gŠwjK fvlv| †gwkbfvlvq 0 I 1 GB `yB
(M) ÷ªvKPvi (N) A¨v‡i
evBbvwi A¼ A_ev †n· c×wZ e¨envi K‡i me wKQz †jLv
DËi: (N)
Page- 129
nq| Kw¤úDUvi GKgvÎ †gwgbfvlvB eyS‡Z cv‡i, 3| †gwkb fvlv Ab¨vb¨ fvlv n‡Z `ªæZ|
Ab¨fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg Ki‡j KwgcDUvi Av‡M Dchy³ 4| GB fvlv w`‡q eZ©Yx A_ev †ggwiÑA¨v‡Wª‡mi m‡½
Abyev`‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ Zv‡K †gwkbfvlvq cwiYZ K‡i †`q| mivmwi ms‡hvM mvab m¤¢e| ZvB Kw¤úDUvi eZ©bxi
me‡P‡q Kg cwigvY jwRK I †ggwi cwim‡i GB fvlvq f~j-ÎæwU ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ †gwkb fvlv e¨envi Kiv
wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg wbe©vn Kiv m¤¢e| nq|
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)| †gwkb fvlvi Amyweav:
63. †gwkb fvlvi †cÖvMÖvgÑ [P. †ev: 2016] 5| †gwkb fvlvi †cÖvMÖvg †jLv AZ¨šÍ K¬vwšÍKi I
i. mivmwi I `ªæZ Kvh©Ki nq mgqmv‡cÿ; KviY GB †cÖvMÖv‡gi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii
ii. Kw¤úDUvi msMVb eY©bv K‡i cÖwZwU wb‡`©k I †ggwiÑA¨v‡Wª‡mi cÖK…Z Ae¯’vb
iii. †jLv mnR I mvavi‡Yi e¨envi Dc‡hvMx cwi®‹vi aviYv `iKvi|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 6| †gwkb fvlv †gwk‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj A_©vr GK ai‡bi
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii †gwk‡bi Rb¨ wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg Ab¨ ai‡bi †gwk‡b
(N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii e¨envi Kiv Am¤¢e|
DËi: (K) 7| †gwkb fvlvi †cÖvMÖvg wjL‡Z `ÿ †cÖvMÖv‡gi `iKvi|
e¨vL¨v: 8| †gwkb fvlv wWevM Kiv ev cwieZ©b Kiv Kómva¨|
†gwkb fvlvi myweav: 65. †g‡gvwi A¨v‡Wªm wb‡q mivmwi KvR nqÑ
1| me‡P‡q Kg cwigvY jwRK I †ggwi cwim‡i GB [h. †ev: 2016]
fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg wbe©vn m¤¢e| i. †gwkb fvlvq
2| Kw¤úDUv‡ii Af¨šÍixY msMV‡bi cysLvbycysLaviYv ii. A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvq
AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j †gwkb fvlv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq| iii. C †Z
3| †gwkb fvlv Ab¨vb¨ fvlv n‡Z `ªæZ| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
4| GB fvlv w`‡q eZ©Yx A_ev †ggwiÑA¨v‡Wª‡mi m‡½ (K) i, ii (L) i, iii
mivmwi ms‡hvM mvab m¤¢e| ZvB Kw¤úDUvi eZ©bxi (N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
f~j-ÎæwU ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ †gwkb fvlv e¨envi Kiv DËi: (K)
nq| e¨vL¨v:
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)| †g‡gvwi A¨v‡Wªm: †gwkb fvlv w`‡q eZ©bx A_ev †g‡gvwiÑ
64. †cÖvMÖvg wjL‡Z †gwkb fvlv e¨envi Kiv n‡jÑ [e.†ev: A¨v‡Wª‡mi m‡½ mivmwi ms‡hvM cÖ`vb m¤¢e| Ges A¨v‡m¤^wj
19] fvlvq †g‡gvwi A¨v‡Wª‡mi weei‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
i. †cÖvMÖvg cwieZ©b Kiv Kómva¨ nq AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)|
ii. `ÿ †cÖvMÖvgvi cÖ‡qvRb nq 66. weU, evBU, †ggwi A¨v‡Wªm wb‡q KvR K‡iÑ [Xv. †ev:
iii. †cÖvMÖvg `ªæZ wbe©vn nq 19]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. †gwkb fvlv ii. ga¨¯Í‡ii fvlv
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii iii. D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv
(N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
DËi: (N)
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii
e¨vL¨v:
†gwkb fvlvi myweav: (N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
1| me‡P‡q Kg cwigvY jwRK I †ggwi cwim‡i GB DËi: (K)
fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg wbe©vn m¤¢e| e¨vL¨v:
2| Kw¤úDUv‡ii Af¨šÍixY msMV‡bi cysLvbycysLaviYv ga¨g¯Íi fvlvi myweav: Kw¤úDUv‡ii nvW©Iq¨vi wbqš¿Y I
AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j †gwkb fvlv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq| wm‡÷g †cÖvMÖvg iPbvi Rb¨ weU (0, A_ev 1) ch©v‡qi

Page- 130
†cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv nj ga¨g ¯Í‡ii fvlv hv‡Z D”P ¯Í‡ii fvlvi †cÖvMÖvwgs, Gqvi UªvwdK K‡›Uªvj, wewfbœ ˆeÁvwbK I mvgwiK
wKQz yweavI we`¨gvb _v‡K| wm †K ga¨g ¯Í‡ii fvlv ejv nq Lv‡Z I M‡elYvi Kv‡RI †dviUªvb e¨eüZ n‡”Q| AZGe,
†Kbbv wm †cÖvMÖvg Øviv nvW©Iq¨vi wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq cvkvcvwk cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)|
D”P ¯Í‡ii fvlvi mywe`vI cvIqv hvq| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK 69. C †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvi Rb¨ †Kvb Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg e¨eüZ
DËi (K)| nqÑ
67. wm-fvlvi aªæeK †NvlYv Kivi wbqg n‡jvÑ i. K¤úvBjvi ii. B›Uvi‡cÖUvi
[P. †ev: 2019] iii. A¨v‡m¤^jvi
i. const float pi=3.1416 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. float pi=3.1416 (K) i, ii (L) i, iii
iii. # define pi 3.1416 (N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? DËi: (K)
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii e¨vL¨v: Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg: wewfbœ ai‡bi Abyev`K †cÖvMÖv‡gi
(N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii g‡a¨ Av‡Q K¤úvBjvi, B›Uvi‡cÖUvi, A¨v‡m¤^jvi BZ¨vw`|
DËi: (L) A¨v‡m¤^jvi e¨eüZ nq A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvi Abyev`K wn‡m‡e|
e¨vL¨v: wm †cÖvMÖv‡g e¨eüZ †Kvb †WUv‡K aªæeK wn‡m‡e AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)|
†NvlYvi Rb¨ Zvi †WUv UvB‡ci c~‡e© const KxIqvW© 70. ÔK¤úvBjvi I B›Uvi‡cÖUviÕ Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
e¨envi Kiv| Giƒc †NvlYvi Rb¨ Kb÷¨v›U-Gi cÖviw¤¢K gvb i‡q‡QÑ[w`. †ev: 16]
Ges †k‡l †mwg‡Kvjb †`qv Avek¨K| Z‡e †WUv UvBc i. †cÖvMÖvwgs Abyev‡`i †ÿ‡Î
D‡jøL bv _vK‡j K¤úvBivj Zv‡K int UvBc wn‡m‡e a‡i ii. Kv‡Ri MwZi †ÿ‡Î
b‡q| †hgbÑ iii. fzj cÖ`k©‡bi †ÿ‡Î
const int Max=50; wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Avevi #define wc‡cÖv‡mmi e¨envi K‡iI †Kvb gvb‡K (K) i, ii (L) i, iii
Kb÷¨v›U wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv hvq| Giƒc †NvlYvi Rb¨ †WUv
(N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
UvBc Ges †k‡l †mwg‡Kvjb w`‡Z nq bv| cÖviw¤¢K gvb w`‡Z
DËi: (N)
nq|
e¨vL¨v:
D`vniY:
K¤úvBjvi I B›Uvi‡cÖUv‡ii cv_©K¨: K¤úvBjvi Drm
†cÖvMÖvg‡K GKav‡c e¯‘ †cÖvMÖv‡g Abyev` K‡i cÿvšÍ‡i
#define Max 30
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
B›Uvi‡cÖUvi GK jvBb GK jvBb K‡i Abyev` K‡i|
68. Fortran e¨eüZ nqÑ K¤úBjvi aA‡c aA‡c f~j mbv³ I ms‡kvab Kiv hvq bv
i. wfwWI †M‡g wKš‘ B›Uvi‡cÖUv‡i Zv m¤¢e| †cÖvMÖvg Kvh©Kvix Ki‡Z
ii. ˆeÁvwbK I mvgwiK Lv‡Z K¤úvBjv‡ii Zzjbvq 5 †_‡K 25 ¸Y †ewk mgq jv‡M|
iii. Gqvi UªvwdK K‡›Uªv‡j AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 71. †cÖvMÖvg ˆZwii av‡c †KvwWs n‡jvÑ [Xv. †ev: 2016]
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii i. mgm¨vi we‡køl‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z
(N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii ii. †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq mvnv‡h¨ Kiv
DËi: (N) iii. †cÖvMÖvg ˆZwii ci fzj †LuvRv
e¨vL¨v: Forran Gi cÖ‡qvM: †dviUªvb w`‡q AmsL¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
MvwYwZK wnmve mn‡RB Kiv hvq| wkÿv, e¨vswKs, e¨emv (K) i, ii (L) i, iii
BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ cÖ‡qvRbxq wnmve I cwiKíbv Kivi (N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wnmve Kiv hvq| GQvov wfwWI †mBg DËi: (K)
Page- 131
e¨vL¨v: e¨vL¨v:
†KvwWs: A¨vj‡Mvwi`g, †d¬vPvU© I my‡Wv‡KvW †_‡K myweavgZ †nWvi dvBj: cÖ‡Z¨K ÷¨vÛvW© jvB‡eªwii †h dvBjmg~n H
†Kvb †cÖvMÖvg wjL‡Z nq| G nj †cÖvMÖvwgs Gi me‡P‡q mnR jvB‡eªwii mKj dvsk‡bi Rb¨ dvskb †cÖv‡UvUvBc aviY
Ask, G‡K †cÖvMÖvg †KvwWs (Coding) e‡j| K‡i †mB dvBjmg~n‡K †nWvi dvBj e‡j| wKQz †nWvi
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)| dvB‡ji bvg n‡”Q:
72. GB cÖZxKwUi A_© n‡jvÑ [gv. †ev: 2016] stdio.h, conio.h, math.h, string.h
i. BbcyU ii. AvDUcyU printf.h bv‡g †Kvb †nWvi dvBj †bB| printf() jvB‡eªix
iii. cÖwµqvKiY dvsk‡bi D`vniY| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 75. wm fvlvq †nWvi dvBj n‡”QÑ
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii [Xv. †ev: 2016]
(N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii i. †cÖvMÖv‡gi Avek¨Kxq Ask
DËi: (K) ii. †WUvUvBc aviYKvix dvBj
e¨vL¨v: iii. dvsk‡bi eY©bv aviYKvix dvBj
cÖwµqvKiY wPý: mvgvšÍwiK AvK…wZi cÖZxK‡K MÖnY/wbM©gb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
cÖZxK e‡j| Gi mvnv‡h¨ cÖwµqvKi‡Yi KvR (Activites) (K) i, ii (L) i, iii
Kx iKg n‡e Zv wb‡`©‡ki Rb¨ GB cÖZxK e¨eüZ nq| (N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)| DËi: (L)
73. †cÖvMÖvg iPbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbÑ [P. †ev: 2017] e¨vL¨v: †nWvi dvBj: Link Section wm †cÖvMÖv‡gi GKwU
i. mgm¨v kbv³KiY ii. †cÖvMÖvg evM Kiv Avek¨Kxq Ask| GB As‡k †cÖvMÖv‡g e¨eüZ wewfbœ
iii. †cÖvMÖvg wWevwMs Kiv dvsk‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †nWvi dvBj mshy³ Kiv nq|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †nWvi dvBj ms‡hv‡Mi wbqg n‡jv- #include
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii <Header_file_name> D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq †h,
(N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii †Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖv‡g printf() dvskb e¨eüZ n‡j Gi Rb¨
DËi: (L) cÖ‡qvRbxq †nWvi dvBj n‡jv stdio.h hv wb‡Pi
e¨vL¨v: Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ †÷U‡g‡›Ui gva¨‡g As‡k wjLv nq| # include<
†cÖvMÖvg iPbvi cuvPwU avc i‡q‡Q| h_vÑ stdio.h> AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
1| mgm¨v we‡kølY/kbv³KiY 76. wm-fvlvi PjK¸‡jv jÿ¨ KiÑ
2| †cÖvMÖvg wWRvBb [mw¤§wjZ †evW©: 2018]
3| †cÖvMÖvg †W‡fjc‡g›U Ges †KvwWs i. student_name
4| †cÖvMÖvg ev¯Íevqb (†Uw÷s I †cÖvMÖv‡gi wWevwMs) ii. student name
5| †cÖvMÖvg iÿYv‡eÿY| iii. student@name
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
74. †nWvi dvBj njÑ [Kz. †ev: 2017] (K) i (L) ii
i. stdio.h (N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
ii. math.h DËi: (K)
iii. printf.h e¨vL¨v: Pj‡Ki ˆeaZv: †fwi‡qej bvgKi‡Y AvÛvi‡¯‹vi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb †¯úkvj K¨v‡i±vi (†hgb: i, @, #, $,
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii %, *, = BZ¨vw`) e¨envi Kiv hvq bv| myZivs, ii I iii
(N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii bs mwVK bq|
DËi: (K) AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)|
Page- 132
77. Y  p 2 x  -Gi mgZzj¨ wm G·‡cÖkbÑ
2 e¨vL¨v:
3 i. Gi †ÿ‡Î n Gi gvb ¸‡jv n‡e 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 myZivs
[iv. †ev: 17] "Hellow world" †jLvwU 5 evi cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
i. Y  (pow (p,2) * x 
2 ii. Gi †ÿ‡Î n Gi gvb¸‡jv n‡e 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 |
3
myZivs "Hellow world!" †jLvwU 6 evi cÖ`wk©Z
n‡e|
2
ii. Y  (pow (2, p)) * x 
3
2 iii. Gi †ÿ‡Î n Gi gvb¸‡jv 5, 6, 7, 8, 9| myZivs
"Hellow world!" †jLvwU 5 evi cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
iii. Y  p * px 
3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? AZGes, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii 79. AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›U n‡jvÑ
(N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii [Kz. †ev: 2017]
DËi: (L)
e¨vL¨v: i. printf ( ) ii. gets ( )
iii. puts ( )
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
2
i. Y  (pow (p,2) * x 
3
2 (K) i, ii (L) i, iii
(N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
Y  p2 * x 
3
Y  p2x 
2 DËi: (L)
3 e¨vL¨v: AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›U †cÖvMÖv‡g WvUv Z_¨ †fwi‡qe‡ji
gvb cÖ`k©b Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ †÷U‡g›U‡K AvDUcyU
2
ii. Y  ( pow ( 2, p) * x 
†÷U‡g›U e‡j| †hgb printf() djvdj cÖ`k©b, puts ()
3
2
w÷ªs-msiÿY, putchar () eY© msiÿY| D‡jøL¨, gets ()
Y  2p * x 
3
Y  2p x 
2 w÷ªs BbcyU GKwU BbcyU †÷U‡g›U|
3 AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
80. jvB‡eªwi dvskb n‡”QÑ
2
iii. Y  p*p*x 
[Xv. †ev: 2016]
3
2
Y  p2x 
3 i. c~e© †_‡K ˆZwiK…Z wewfbœ welqe¯‘
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)| ii. GK ai‡bi we‡kl †÷U‡g›U
78. "Hellow World!" †jLvwU 5 evi cÖ`k©‡bi †ÿ‡Î iii. ïaygvÎ MvwYwZK Kv‡h© e¨envi‡hvM¨ wb‡`©k
C †÷U‡g›U n‡jvÑ [iv. †ev: 2017] wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. for(n=1; n<6; n++) (K) i, ii (L) i, iii
printf("Hellow World!"); (N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
ii. n=3; do {printf("Hello World"); DËi: (K)
n++;} while (n<=8); e¨vL¨v: jvB‡eªwi dvskb: wm K¤úvBjv‡i we`¨gvb jvB‡eªw i
iii. n=5; while (n<10) {print f("Hello dvskb bv‡gi wewfbœ weëBb dvskbmg~n Zv‡`i wbR¯^
World!); dig¨vU Abyhvqx main () dvsk‡b e¨envi Kiv hvq|
n++;} printf(), scanf(), G ai‡bi jvB‡eªwi dvsk‡bi D`vniY|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? jvB‡eªwi dvskb mg~n c~e© †_‡KB ˆZixK…Z _v‡K| hv GK
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii ai‡bi we‡kl †÷U‡g›U wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| MvwYwZK
(N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii Kvh©QvovI Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R dvskb¸‡jv e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i|
DËi: (L) AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)|
Page- 133
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK cÖ‡kœvËi: e¨vL¨v: A¨vj‡Mvwi`g, †d¬vPvU© I my‡ov‡KvW †_‡K myweavgZ
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o Ges cieZx© `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: †Kvb †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg wjL‡Z nq| G nj †cÖvMÖvwgs
†Rwi wmÑfvlvq GKwU †cÖvMÖvg iPbv K‡i hv‡Z `yBU msL¨vi Gi me‡P‡q mnR Ask, G‡K †cÖvMÖvg †KvwWs (Coding)
†hvMdj wbY©q Kiv hvq| †cÖvMÖvgwU ivb Kivi ci 2wU msL¨v e‡j|
cÖ`vb Ki‡j djvd‡j ïay 2q msL¨vwU cÖ`wk©Z nq| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)|
81. DÏxc‡K D™¢~Z mgm¨vi KviY †KvbwU? 84. DÏxc‡K nvmvb mv‡ne †Kvb Uzjm¸‡jv‡K wb‡`©k
[Xv. †ev: 2016] K‡i‡Qb? [gv. †ev: 2016]
(K) mwVK †nWvi dvBj D‡jøL bv Kiv i. †cÖvMÖvg †KvwWs ii. A¨vjMwi`g
(L) Bbcy‡U fMœvsk msL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv iii. †d¬vPvU©
(M) AvDUcyU dvsk‡b fzj PjK †NvlYv Kiv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(N) cÖ‡qvRbxq PjK †NvlYv bv Kiv (K) i, ii (L) i, iii
DËi: (M) (N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
e¨vL¨v: †fwi‡qej wWK¬v‡ikb: †WUv UvBc mn †Kvb DËi: (N)
†fwi‡qe‡ji bvgKiY Kivi cÖwµqv‡K †fwi‡qej †NvlYv ejv e¨vL¨v: A¨vj‡Mvwi`g, †d¬vPvU© I my‡Wv‡KvW †_‡K myweavgZ
nq| AvDUcyU dvsk‡b fzj PjK †NvlYv Kivq mgm¨vi D™¢e †Kvb †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg wjL‡Z nq| G nj †cÖvMÖvwgs
N‡U‡Q| Gi me‡P‡q mnR Ask, G‡K †cÖvMÖvg †KvwWs (Coding)
AZGe, cÖkwœ Ui mwVK DËi (M)| e‡j|
82. DÏxc‡Ki b¨Aq †cÖvMÖvg ˆZwii †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRbÑ A¨vj‡Mvwi`g kãwU mygwjg MwYZwe` gynv¤§` Be‡b gymv Avj
[Xv. †ev: 16] LvwiRgxÕi bvg †_‡K DrcwË n‡q‡Q| A¨vj‡Mvwi`g n‡jv
i. we‡kl †WUv‡eR †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv Rvbv _vKv av‡c av‡c †Kvb mgm¨vi mgvavbv Kiv A_©vr GKwU mgm¨v‡K
ii. PjK I †WUv UvBc m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vKv K‡qLwU av‡c †f‡½ cÖ‡Z¨KwU avc cici mgvavb K‡i mgMÖ
iii. BbcyU AvDUcyU m¤ú‡K© mwVL aviYv _vKv mgm¨v mgvavb Kiv| Kv‡RB mywbw`©ó †Kvb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Rb¨ mmxg msL¨K AbyµwgK wb‡`©‡ki †mU‡K A¨vj‡Mvwi`g
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii ejv nq|
(M) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii †d¬vPvU© n‡jv KZ¸‡jv mywbw`©ó wm¤^j ev wP‡ýi gva¨‡g
DËi: (M) AswKZ cÖevngvb wPÎ hv †Kvb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi avivevwnK
e¨vL¨v: avcmg~n‡K cÖKvk K‡i| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)|
DÏxc‡Ki b¨vq †cÖvMÖvgwU mwVKfv‡e iPbv Ki‡j Kx ai‡bi DÏxcKwU c‡o cieZx© `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
†WUv UvBc I PjK e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e Zv m¤úK© aviYv _vKv main ()
DwPZ| BbcyU I AvDUcyU mwVK aviYv ivLv DwPZ| {
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (M)| int n;
DÏxcKwU co Ges cieZx© `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: scanf ("%d", %n);
nvmvb mv‡ne GKvDw›Us mdUIq¨vi ˆZwii mgq cÖw ZwU }
gwWDj †QvU †QvU K‡i wef³ K‡i mgvav‡bi avc wba©viY 85. DÏxc‡Ki e¨eüZ †WUv UvBc †KvbwU? [e. †ev:
K‡ib| wKš‘ mdUIq¨viwU ˆZwii ci †mwU cixÿv K‡i †`Lv 2016]
hvq cÖ`Ë †WUvi Rb¨ djvdj f~j cÖ`wk©Z n‡”Q| (K) Primary (L) User defined
83. DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z fz‡ji KviY †KvbwU? (M) Derived (N) Empty
[gv. †ev: 2016] DËi: (K)
(K) †KvwWs (L) wWevwMs e¨vL¨v: cÖvBgvwi †WUv UvBc: mKj wm K¤úvBjvi g~jZ:
(M) A¨vjMwi`g (N) †d¬vPvU© 3(wZb) ai‡bi †gŠwjK ev cÖv_wgK ev weë Bb †WUv UvBc
DËi: (K) mg_©b K‡i| h_vÑ
Page- 134
1| K¨v‡i±i (Character) e¨vL¨v:
2| c~Y© msL¨v ev Bw›URvi (Integer) A¨vwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUi: †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y, fvMmn BZ¨vw`
3| fMœvskhy³ msL¨v ev wiqvj (Real) Kv‡Ri Rb¨ A¨vwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUi e¨eüZ nq| % GKwU
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)| A¨vwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUi|
86. DÏxc‡K Avek¨K †nWvi dvBj †KvbwU? GmvB‡g›U Acv‡iUi: †Kvb †fwi‡qej ev G·‡cÖk‡bi gvb
[e. †ev: 2016] Ab¨ †Kvb †fwi‡qej ev G·‡cÖk‡bi gvb wn‡m‡e wba©vi‡Yi
i. stdio.h Rb¨| †hgb: =, +=, = BZ¨vw`| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK
ii. conio.h DËi (K)|
iii. math.h wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cieZx© `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? # include<stdio.h>
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii main ( )
(M) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii {
DËi: (L) int a=3, b;
e¨vL¨v: †nWvi dvBj: cÖ‡Z¨K ÷¨vÛvW© jvB‡eªwii †h b=++ a;
dvBjmg~n H jvB‡eªwii mKj dvsk‡bi Rb¨ dvskb printf ("%d", b);
†cÖv‡UvUvBc aviY K‡i †mB dvBjmg~n‡K †nWvi dvBj ejv }
nq| scanf () dvsk‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ †nWvi dvB‡ji bvg 89. †cÖvMÖvg ivb Ki‡j printf ( ) dvsk‡b b Gi gvb KZ
<stdio.h> n‡e? [P. †ev: 2016]
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)| (K) 3 (L) 4
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cieZx© `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: (M) 5 (N) 6
X=100; DËi: (L)
X1=5; e¨vL¨v:
X=X% 10: Bbwµ‡g›Uvj Acv‡iUi: GLv‡b, b= + + a| A_©vr wcÖwd·
87. X Gi gvb KZ? [e. †ev: 2016] Bbwµ‡g›Uvj Acv‡iUi e¨fnvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| myZivs
(K) 0 (L) 2 wbqgvbymv‡i Acv‡iUiwU cÖ_‡g c~‡e©v³ gv‡bi mv‡_ 1 †hvM
(M) 10 (N) 20 Ki‡e Ges Zv cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|
DËi: (K) AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
e¨vL¨v: A¨vwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUi: wm †cÖvMÖv‡g wewfbœ MvwYwZK 90. AwZwi³ jvBb bv wj‡L †cÖvMÖvg ivb Ki‡j Printf (
KvR (†hgb: †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y, fvM BZ¨vw`) m¤úbœ Kivi ) dvsk‡b b Gi gvb 8 n‡e Kx cwieZ©b Ki‡j? [P.
Rb¨ †hme wm¤^j ev Acv‡iUi e¨eüZ nq Zv‡`i‡K †ev: 2016]
A¨vwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUi ejv nq| fvM‡kl (Aewkó) wbY©q (K) b=a++ (L) b=a  
Kivi Rb¨ % (gwWDj) Acv‡iUi wU e¨eüZ nq| myZivs (M) b=a5 (N) b=a+5
100% 10=0| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)| DËi: (N)
88. DÏxc‡K e¨eüZ Acv‡iUi n‡”Q? e¨vL¨v:
[e. †ev: 2016] b=a+5 evievi Kiv n‡j 3+5=8 cÖ`©kb Ki‡e|
i. Arithmatic ii. Assignment iii. Logical wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cieZx© `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
for (c=2; c<=10; c=c+2)
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii {print f("ICT");
(M) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii if (c==6)
DËi: (K) break;}
Page- 135
91. ICT †jLvwU KZevi cÖ`wk©Z n‡e? [P. †ev: 2017] e¨vL¨v:
(K) 1 (L) 2 a=b%25;
(M) 3 (N) 5 G‡ÿ‡Î b=50; 50 †K 25 Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM †kl= 0|
DËi: (M) myZivs a=0 Ges output 0 n‡e|
e¨vL¨v: 94. DÏxc‡K e¨eüZ †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvwU n‡”QÑ
for jyc Gi KvVv‡gv: DÏxc‡Ki for †÷U‡g›U e¨eüZ [wm. †ev: 2019]
n‡q‡Q| for †÷U‡g‡›Ui dig¨vU Abyhvqx| i. General purpose language
c=2; c<10; c=c+2 ii. Mid-level language
Initialization Condition Increment/decrement iii. Case sensitive language
A_©vr c Gi gvb cÖv_wgKfv‡e 2 Ges cÖwZev‡i 2 K‡i evo‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
hZÿY ch©šÍ c Gi gvb 10 Gi mgvb ev †QvU nq| (K) i, ii (L) i, iii
wKš‘ cieZx©‡Z c Gi gvb 6 n‡j jyc Break n‡e| ZvB c (N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
Gi gvb 6 Gi †ewk n‡Z cvi‡e bv| DËi: (N)
2 †_‡K ïiæ n‡q 6 ch©šÍ jycwU wZbevi Pj‡Z cvi‡e| KviY e¨vL¨v: DÏxc‡Ki fvlvwU n‡”Q C fvlv|
c Gi increment 2. cÖwZ j‡c 'ICT Õ †jLvwU GKevi wb‡¤œ C fvlvi ˆewkó¨ †`Iqv n‡jv|
Print nq| jyc wZbevi Xjvq 'ICT' †jLvwU 3 evi cÖ`wk©Z  wm GKwU ga¨¯Í‡ii fvlv| KviY G fvlvq D”P¯Í‡ii
n‡e| fvlvi myweav cvIqv hvq Avevi wb¤œ¯Í‡ii fvlv mgKÿ
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (M)| †cÖvMÖvg iPbv Kiv hvq|
92. if kZ©wU ev` w`‡j ICT †jLvwU KZevi cÖ`wk©Z n‡e?  wm fvlv w`‡q me ai‡bi †cÖvMÖvg iPbv Kiv hvq| ZvB
[P. †ev: 2017] G‡K General Purpose language ejv nq|
(K) 1 (L) 2  wm fvlv GKwU Case Sensitive fvlv d‡j †QvU
(M) 3 (N) 5 nv‡Zi Aÿi Ges eo nv‡Zi Aÿ‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
DËi: (N) cwijwÿZ nq|
e¨vL¨v: if kZ©wU ev` w`‡j for †÷U‡g›U Abyhvqx c Gi gvb AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)|
10 Gi mgvb ev †QvU nq A_©vr c Gi gvb 2 †_‡K ïiæ n‡q wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cieZx© `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
m‡e©v”P 10 ch©šÍ n‡Z cvi‡e Increment 2 nIqvq jycwU # include<stdio.h>
Pj‡e †gvU 5 evi| ZvB if kZ©wU ev` w`‡j 'ICT' †jLvwU main ( )
5 evi cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| {
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)| int m
Note: c~‡e©i cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨vq †`Lyb|
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cieZx© `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
print (“Enter your marks");
# include<stdio.h> Scan "%d", & m);
main ( ). print ("%d", & m);
{ }
int a, b; 95. DÏxc‡K m Gi Rb¨ KZ evBU RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb?
b=50; [h.†ev: 17]
(K) 1 (L) 2
a=b%25;
(M) 4 (N) 8
printf ("%d", a);
}
93. †cÖvMÖvgwUi AvDUcyU KZ? [wm. †ev: 2019] DËi: (L)
(K) 0 (L) 2 e¨vL¨v: m Gi gvb c~Y©msL¨v ev Bw›URvi †g‡gvwi‡Z Bw›URvi
(M) 25 (N) 50 msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ 2 evBU ev 16 weU RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb|
DËi: (K)
Page- 136
96. DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb †÷U‡g›UwU fzj? [h. †ev: 2017] e¨vL¨v:
(K) int m a Gi gvb 3
(L) print("Enter your marks"); b=a++ I b=a   Df‡q‡ÿ‡ÎB b Gi gvb 3| KviY
(M) Scan("%d", & m); G‡ÿ‡Î †cv÷wd· †bv‡Ukb e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| d‡j
(N) print("%d", & m); K¤úvBjvi cÖ_‡g cyivZb gvb e¨envi Ki‡e| d‡j †cÖvMÖv‡gi
DËi: (K) AvDUcyU 3 n‡e|
e¨vL¨v: AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)|
i) main ( ) function Gi cÖ‡Z¨K †÷U‡g‡›U †k‡l wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cieZx© `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
†mwg‡Kvjb (;) _vK‡Z n‡e int m Gi †k‡l #include<stdio.h>
†mwg‡Kvjb (;) bv _vKvq †÷U‡g›UwU fzj| main ( )
ii) C GKwU †Km †mbwmwUf fvlv| ZvB Scanf e¨envi {
Ki‡j fzj n‡e| float r
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)| printf ("Enter your GPA");
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cieZx© `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: scanf("%d", & r);
# include<stdio.h> }
main ( ) 99. †cÖvMÖv‡g wW‡K¬qvi r Kx? [w`. †ev: 2017]
{ (K) †fwi‡qej (L) aªæeK
int a=3, b; (M) Kx IqvW© (N) †÷U‡g›U
b=2* a; DËi: (K)
print f("%d", b); e¨vL¨v:
} PjK: wm fvlvq †g‡gvwi‡Z †WUv msiÿY Ki‡Z †h bvg
97. †cÖvMÖvg ivb Ki‡j b Gi gvb KZ n‡e? [Xv. †ev: 2017] e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K PjK (Variable) ejv nq| †d¬vwUs
(K) 3 (L) 4
c‡q›U UvB‡ci †fwi‡qej †NvlYvi Rb¨ float e¨eüZ nq|
(M) 5 (N) 6
†hgb: float a, float x BZ¨vw`| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK
DËi: (N)
DËi (K)|
e¨vL¨v: DÏxcK Abymv‡i,
100. †cÖvMÖv‡g DwjøwLZ %d Gi cwie‡Z© e¨envi Kiv hvqÑ
b=2a
a Gi gvb 3
i. %.2f
ii. %.f
 b=23=6
A_©vr, b Gi gvb n‡e 6|
iii. %.r
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)|
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii
98. †cÖvMÖvg ivb Ki‡j AvDUcyU gvb 3 n‡e hLbÑ
(N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
[Xv. †ev:17]
DËi: (K)
e¨vL¨v:
i. b=a++;
floating point UvB‡ci †WUv BbcyU ev AvDUcyU Kivi
ii. b=a 
Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq %f.
iii. b+=a;
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
string UvB‡ci †WUv BbcyU ev AvDUcyU Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii
nq %s, string wn‡m‡e †h‡Kv‡bv IqvW© ev K¨v‡i±i ev
(N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
†m‡›UÝ n‡Z cv‡i| AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (K)|
DËi: (K)

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 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cieZx© `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: e¨vL¨v:
# include<stdio.h> DÏxcK Abymv‡i for jyc 5 evi Pj‡e| KviY for
# include<conio.h> †÷U‡g‡›Ui di‡gU Abyhvqx a Gi gvb 1 †_‡K ïiæ n‡q
cÖwZevi 1 K‡i evo‡e Ges m‡e©v”P gvb 5 n‡Z cv‡i|
main ()
{
int a, b, c; cÖv_wgKfv‡e s=0, a=1
printf ("Enter Value, ); cÖ_gevi jyc Pj‡j
c=a+b; s=s+a
print f("\nc=%d", c); s=0+1
getch ();
s=1
wØZxqevi jyc Pj‡j
}
101. DÏxc‡K cÖvß AvDUcy‡UÑ [iv. †ev: 2016]
i. c Gi gvb cÖ`k©b Ki‡e ii. †hvMdj cÖ`k©b Ki‡e s=s+a
iii. a I b Gi gvb cÖ`k©b Ki‡e s=1+2 (cÖwZev‡i a Gi gvb 1 evo‡e)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? s=3
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii Z…Zxqevi jyc Ki‡j
(N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii s=s+a
DËi: (K) =3+3
e¨vL¨v:
AvDUcyU dvskb C=%d _vKvq C Gi gvb cÖ`k©b Ki‡e
s=6
PZz_©evi jyc Ki‡j
hv a I b Gi †hvMdj|
102. DÏxc‡K †cÖvMÖv‡gi AvDUcy‡U fMœvsk gvb †c‡Z n‡jÑ
s=s+a
i. †WUv UvBc cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e [iv. †ev: 2016] s=6+4
ii. di‡gU †¯úwmdvqvi cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e s=10
iii. fMœvsk gvb BbcyU w`‡Z n‡e cÂgevi jyc Ki‡j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? s=s+a
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii s=10+5
(N) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii s=15
DËi: (K)  †cÖvMÖvgwUi AvDUcyU n‡e 15|
e¨vL¨v: A_Ge, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)|
dig¨vU †¯úwmdvqvi: †WUv UvBc int Gi cwie‡Z© float
104. "a" Gi gv‡bi †Kvb †Kvb cwieZ©‡b AvDUcyU 6 n‡e?
e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e dig¨vU †¯úwmdvqvi wn‡m‡e %d Gi
[e. †ev: 2017]
cwie‡Z© %f n‡e|
wb‡Pi DÏxcK Abymv‡i cieZx© `yw U cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: (K) a=1, a=a+2 (L) a=2, a=a+1
#include<stdio.h> (M) a=2, a=a+2 (N) a=0, a=a+1
main ( ) DËi: (M)
{ e¨vL¨v:
(K) Ack‡bi †ÿ‡Î
int a, s=0;
for (a=1; a<=5; a++)
s=s+a; s=0
printf ("%d", s); s=1
} cÖ_gevi,
103. †cÖvMÖvgwUi AvDUcyU KZ? [e. †ev: 2017] s=s+a
(K) 1 (L) 5 s=0+1
(M) 10 (N) 15 s=1
DËi: (N)
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wØZxqevi, cÖ_gevi,
s=s+a s=s+a
a=1+3 [a=a+2=1+2=3] s=0+0
s=4 s=0
Z…Zxqevi, wØZxqevi,
s=s+a s=s+a
s=1+3 [ a  a  2  3  2  5] s=0+1 [ a=a+1=0+1=1]
=9 s=1
Z…Zxqevi,
 AvDUcyU 9
(L) Ack‡bi †ÿ‡Î s=s+a
=1+2 [ a=a+1=1+1=2]
s=0
=3
PZz_©evi,
a=2
cÖ_gevi,
s=s+a
s=s+a
=3+3 [a=a+1=2+1=3]
s=0+2
s=2 =6
wØZxqevi, cÂgevi,
s=s+a s=s+a
s=2+3 [a=a+1=2+1=3] =6+4 [a=a+1=4+1=5]
s=5 =15
Z…Zxqevi,  AvDUcyU 15
s=s+a AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (M)|
=5+4 [a=a+1=4+1=5] Note: c~‡e©i cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨vq †`Lyb|
=9
 AvDUcyU 14 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cieZx© `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
(M) Ack‡bi †ÿ‡Î #include<stdio.h>
s=0 main ( )
a=2 {
cÖ_gevi, int i, s=0;
s=s+a for (i=1, i<=6; i++)
s=0+2 {
s=2 s=s+i;
wØZxqevi, }
s=s+a print f("%d", s);
s=2+4 [a=a+2=2+2=4] }
Z…Zxqevi, Pj‡j a Gi gvb n‡e a+2=4+2=6 105. †cÖvMÖvgwUi AvDUcyU KZ?
hv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| KviY a Gi gvb 5 Gi mgvb ev †QvU nq| [w`. †ev: 2019]
†cÖvMÖv‡gi AvDUcyU 6 (K) 6 (L) 15
(N) Ack‡bi †ÿ‡Î (M) 19 (N) 21
s=0 DËi: (N)
a=0
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e¨vL¨v: e¨vL¨v: if †jLvwU ev` w`‡j break †÷U‡g›U _vK‡e bv|
For loop wU Qq evi run Ki‡e| Ges AvDUcyU n‡e ZLb i Gi gvb m‡e©v”P 10 ch©šÍ n‡Z cvi‡e| ZLb i Gi
1+2+3 +4+5+6=21 gvb¸‡jv n‡e 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 A_©vr jycwU cuvPevi Pj‡e|
106. "i" Gi gv‡bi wK cwieZ©‡b AvDUcyU 12 n‡eÑ myZivs 'ICT' †jLvwU 5 evi cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
[w`. †ev: 19] AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (L)|
(K) i=0, i=i+1 (L) i=1, i=i+2 Note: c~‡e©i cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨vq †`Lyb|
(M) i=2, i=i+1 (N) i=2, i=i+2 wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cieZx© `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
DËi: (N) # include<sidio.h>
e¨vL¨v: For loop G i=2 Ges i+2 Gi Rb¨ loopwU 3 #include<conio.h>
evi run Ki‡e Ges output n‡e 2+4+6=12| void main ()
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cieZx© `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: {
for (i=1; i<=10; i=i+2) int. n, i.s;
{ scanf ("%d", n);
print f("ICT"); s=0
if(i==7) for(i=l; i<=n, i++);
break; s=s+i;
} printf("%d", s);
107. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K "ICT" †jLwU KZevi cÖ`wk©Z s=s+i;
n‡e? [wm. †ev: 2017] printf ("%f", s);
(K) 1 (L) 2 getch ();
(M) 3 (N) 4 }
DËi: (N) 109. †cÖvMÖvgwU ivb Ki‡j Ges Kx †evW© 10 UvBc Ki‡j
e¨vL¨v: for †÷Ug¨v‡›Ui dig¨vU Abyhvqx| KZ djvdj cvIqv hv‡e? [w`. †ev: 2016]
i=1; i<=10 i=i+2 (K) 25 (L) 30
Initialization Condition Increament (M) 45 (N) 55
A_©vr i Gi gvb 1 †_‡K n‡q cÖwZevi 2 K‡i evo‡e Ges i DËi: (N)
Gi gvb m‡e©v”P 10 n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ j‡c breat †÷U‡g›U e¨vL¨v: †cv÷wd· Bbwµ‡g›Uvj Acv‡iUi: GLv‡b, n=10
_vKvq i Gi gvb m‡e©v”P 7 n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ jy‡c breat ZvB i<=10 k‡Z© I i++ †cv÷wd· Bbwµ‡g›Uvj
†÷U‡g›U _vKvq i Gi gvb m‡e©v”P 7 n‡Z cv‡i| i Gi gvb Acv‡iUi e¨envi Kiv cÖvß djvdj 55.
1 †_‡K ïiæ n‡q 2 K‡i evo‡j Gi gvb¸‡jv n‡e 1, 3, 5, 110. 10 msL¨vwU wVK †i‡L djvdj 387 †c‡Z jyc
7 A_©vr jycwU 8 evi Pj‡e| myZivs, 'ICT' †jLvwU 4 evi †÷U‡g›U Kx ai‡bi cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e? [w`. †ev:
cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| 2016]
AZGe, cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi (N)| (K) s=s*j (L) s=s+i*i
108. if kZ©wU ev` w`‡j "ICT" †jLwU KZevi cÖ`wk©Z (M) s=s+i*i*i (N) s=s+i*i*i
n‡e? [wm. †ev: 2017] DËi: (L)
(K) 3 (L) 5 e¨vL¨v:
(M) 7 (N) 9 n=10 I i<=10 k‡Z© i++ Bbwµ‡g›Uvj Acv‡iUi e¨envi
DËi: (L) K‡i S=s+ii m¤úK© AYyhvqx djvdj 387|

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