Chapter 43: Geometrical Constructions

1. Construction 1.2 Construct a triangle of given sides.

1.1 Construct a line segment.
Example 2: Construct a triangle PQR with
Example 1: Construct a line PQ of length 7.5cm PQ =6.5cm, QR = 7cm and PR = 6cm.
1. Draw a straight line using a ruler and mark 1. Sketch the triangle PQR.
point P on the line.

2. Use a pair of compasses, measure the

length of 7.5cm by a ruler. 2. Draw a line PQ of length 6.5cm.

P 6.5cm Q

3. Place the point of compasses at P, draw

an arc of radius 6cm.

3. Place the point of the compasses at P and

mark an arc on the line.

4. Place the point of compasses at Q, draw

an arc of radius 7cm that intersect the
arc in Step 3. Label the point of
4. Mark the intersection point as Q. intersection as R.

P Q

Exercise 1.1: 5. Joint the point R to P and Q.

1. Construct a line AB of length 4cm.

2. Construct a line CD of length 4.5cm. Exercise 1.2:

1. Construct a triangle ABC with
AB = 4.5cm, BC = 3cm and AC = 4cm.

3. Construct the line segment EF = 4.8cm

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2. Construct a triangle LMN with LM = 4.8cm,
MN = 2.5cm and LN = 3.5cm.

3. Joint the two intersection points.

3. Construct a triangle XYZ with XY = 5cm,

YZ = 4.5cm and XZ = 4cm.

Exercise 1.3:
Construct the perpendicular bisector of each of
the following lines.
1.3 Construct a perpendicular bisector. 1.

Example 3: Construct a perpendicular bisector

of the line RT.

A B
1. Widen a pair of compasses so that the
length is more than half of RT. Place the
point of the compasses at R, draw a small
arc above RT and a small arc below RT.

2.

2. Then, place the point of compasses at T,

draw two arcs to intersect with the arcs in
Step 2. Make sure the opening of the
compasses is the same as Step 2.

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 1.4 Construct a perpendicular line to a given 2.
line.

Example 4: Construct a perpendicular line

to PQ and passes through R, a point on Q
the line PQ. C
P

1. Place the point of the compasses at R

and draw two arcs that intersect the
line PQ. Label the two intersections as
M and N.
Example 5: Construct a perpendicular line to
RS and passes through T.

2. Place the point of the compasses at M 1. Place the point of the compasses at T,
and draw a small arc. widen the opening so that you can draw
two arcs that intersect the line RS, label
the two intersections as P and Q.

3. Place the point of the compasses at N

and draw another arc that intersects
the previous arc. 2. Place the point of the compasses at P
and draw an arc below the line RS.

4. Joint the intersection to R.

3. Place the point of the compasses at Q

and draw another arc that intersects the
arc in Step 3. Label the intersection point
as K.

Exercise 1.4:
Construct the perpendicular line to the given
line passing through point C.
1.

4. Joint the point T and K.

A C B

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Exercise 1.5: 2. Place the point of compasses at N,
Construct the perpendicular line to the given without altering the compasses, mark an
line, AB passing through point C. arc that intersect the arc drawn in Step 1,
1. label it as P.

•C
A B
3. Joint M to P.

2.
•C
B
A
Example 7: Construct an angle of 120° at
point M of the line HK.

3. C
1. Place the point of the compasses at M
and draw an arc that intersects the line
HK at N.

A B

4. B 2. Place the point of compasses at N,

without altering the compasses, mark an
arc that intersect the arc drawn in Step 1,
label it as P.

A C

3. Place the point of compasses at P,

without altering the compasses, draw
1.5 Construct angle 30°, 60°, 90°, 120° and its another arc that intersects the arc drawn
multiple. in Step 1, and label the intersection as Q.

Example 6: Construct an angle of 60° at

point M of the line HK.

1. Place the point of the compasses at M

and draw an arc that intersects the line
HK at N. 4. Joint M to Q.

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Exercise 1.6:
Construct each of the following angles.
1. PQR = 60

2. Place the point of the compasses at H,

mark an arc and then place the point of
Q R compasses at K, mark another arc that
intersects the previous arc as M.

2. ABC = 60

C B 3. Joint Q and M.

3. DEF = 120

E F Exercise 1.7:
1. Construct an angle bisector for ABC in
the diagram below
4. JKL = 120 a. b.
A
A

B
C
L K B
C

2. Construct ABC where BAC = 30 ,

AB = 2cm and BC = 3.5cm .
1.6 Construct an angle bisector.

Example 8: Construct an angle bisector for

PQR in the diagram below.

1. Place the point of the compasses at Q

and draw arcs that intersect the line QR
and PQ. Label them as H and K.

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 3. Construct ABC where ABC = 45 , Exercise 1.8:
BCA = 60 and BC = 4cm . 1. Construct a parallel line to the following line
that passes through C.
a.
C
•

A B

b.

1.7 Construct parallel line.

E F
Example 9: Construct a parallel line to the line
PQ that passes through A as in the diagram
below. •C

1. Place the point of the compasses at Q, 2. Construct a parallelogram ABCD on the given
makes sure the opening of the compasses is space below:
equal to the distance AP and mark an arc. a. Given ABC = 60 , AB =5cm, BC = 3cm.

2. Place the point of the compasses at A,

makes sure the opening of the compasses is
equal to the distance PQ and mark an arc
that intersects the arc in Step 1.
Label it as M. A

b. Given ABC = 30 , AB =6cm, BC = 4cm.

3. Joint the points A and M.

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PMR Oriented Exercises: 5. Starting with the line PQ and QR in the
1. Using only a pair of compasses and a answer space, construct
ruler, construct a triangle ABC with AC = a. the perpendicular bisector of line QR,
3.5cm and BC = 2.8cm on the straight line b. the angle bisector of PQR
AB provided. c. indicate the point of intersection
between the two bisectors with letter T.

A B Q R

2. Construct a triangle PQR with PQ =5cm,

6. Starting from PQR in the answer space,
PR = 4cm, QR = 3cm using only a pair of
compasses and a ruler. Start your construct
construction with the straight line provided. a. the perpendicular line RS from R to PQ
where S lies on PQ.
b. the PT, angle bisector of RPQ . The
point T lies on line RQ.
c. Measure the distance between T and S.

3. Construct a triangle PQR with PQ =4cm, P Q

QR = 6cm and RPQ = 120 .
7. Using only a pair of compasses and a ruler,
construct a triangle DEF in which DE =
4cm, EF = 7cm and DF = 6cm.
a. Construct a perpendicular line from point
D to line EF.
b. Base on the construction, measure the
length, in cm, from D to EF.

4. Construct an angle of 210 at point M on

the given straight line using only a pair of
compasses and a ruler.

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8. Using only a pair of compasses and a 11. Starting with the line PQ and QR in the
ruler, answer space, construct
a. Beginning from the straight line a. an angle bisector of PQR , QU
provided, construct the trapezium PQRS b. a parallelogram of PQRS
using the measurement given and c. subsequently, construct a perpendicular
PQR = 120 line PT from P to the angle bisector,
b. Construct TR as the bisector of QRS . QU. Measure the length of PT.
c. Base on the construction, measure
i. QTR
ii. the length of TR. P T 3cm Q R
2cm

S R
P
Q
P

9. Construct a parallelogram MNPQ as shown 12. Using only a pair of compasses and a ruler,
in the diagram below. Beginning from the construct
straight line provided. Base on the a. a rhombus PQRS with sides 4.7cm each
construction, measure and SPQ = 60
a. NRQ M R Q b. the perpendicular line QT from Q to PS
b. the length of NR. where T lies on PS.
3cm
c. Measure the length of QT.
120
30
N 4cm P

10. Construct a rhombus ABCD such that sides

of the rhombus is 4cm and ABC = 60 .
Base on the construction, measure the
diagonals of the rhombus.