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LESSON NOTES Heszron

This document provides lesson notes on various electrical tests: 1. It outlines objectives to teach how to perform verification of polarity, insulation, ring circuit, earthing, and continuity tests. 2. Details are given on how to conduct a verification of polarity test to check that live conductors are properly connected to switches and appliances. 3. Instructions are provided for performing insulation, earthing leakage, and between pole tests to identify unsafe connections or potential electric shock hazards. Precautions and minimum resistance readings are specified.

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61 views7 pages

LESSON NOTES Heszron

This document provides lesson notes on various electrical tests: 1. It outlines objectives to teach how to perform verification of polarity, insulation, ring circuit, earthing, and continuity tests. 2. Details are given on how to conduct a verification of polarity test to check that live conductors are properly connected to switches and appliances. 3. Instructions are provided for performing insulation, earthing leakage, and between pole tests to identify unsafe connections or potential electric shock hazards. Precautions and minimum resistance readings are specified.

Uploaded by

Hezron gibron
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LESSON NOTES

TOPIC: ELECTRICAL TESTING


UNIT: CARRYING OUT VERIFICATION TEST
CARRYING OUT INSULATION TEST
CARRYING RING CIRCUIT TEST
CARRYING OUT EARTHING TEST
CARRYING OUT CONTINUITY TEST

General objectives: At the end of this topic trainee should be able to perform the various
Electrical test.
Specific objectives: At the end of this unit trainee should be able to:
1. Perform out verification of polarity test.
2. Carrying out insulation test.
3. Carrying out ring circuit test.
4. Carrying out earthing test.
5. Carrying out continuity test.
INTRODUCTION
1: CARRING OUT VERIFICATION OF POLARITY TEST
Before starting to test or carrying out verification of polarity test firstly you should know
the reason why you want to test or performing that kind of test, what you want to verify.
The purpose of the verification of polarity test is to verify that or to check that phase
conductor is taken through the fuse and switch to the appliance. Reason for that, neutral wire
is earthed is earthed at the supply authority substations. But the neutral is not necessary
“dead” in a system in which the load is unevenly distributed between the three phases
(unbalanced system. It’s possible to get a shock from neutral. The neutral can never be
broken by a fuse or a switch. If a fuse opened up under these condition, then the circuit would
still be live.

See the figure.

Incorrect connection of the main switch

Incorrect connection of the lamp switch


In the figure above the main switch has been correctly wired, but the lamp switch is on the
wrong pole. An operator changing the lamp could receive a fatal shock even if the switch is
switched off, if he accidentally touched the pins of the lamp holder.
PREPARATION OF VERIFICATION OF POLARITY TEST
The following are the requirement for the verification of polarity test to be done:
1. Supply off
2. Lamps and appliances out
3. All switches off
4. Neutral link in
5. All fuses out
Testing instrument
Ohmmeter
Methods:
Test continuity A and B,C and D,E and F,G and H
Readings
Zero on ohmmeter or continuity with bell set.
Figure bellow shows:

NOTE:
This test should not be carried out on a “live” installation with a neon tester as a neutral may
give a live or phase indication. The insulation tester e.g. MEGA should be used as the
smallest reading is about 10000Ω.
INSULATION TEST
The purpose of the insulation test is to make sure that there is no possibility of leakage
current flowing between insulated conductors (live and neutral or phase and phase) and also
to make sure that there is no leakage current between the conductors of the installation and
general mass of the earth.
EARTH LEAKAGE
Test for earth leakage is very important test as a live conductor to frame of an appliance
or machine can cause serious injury to operator if the frame of the equipment is not properly
earthed.
The figure below shows an actual occurrence in which an operator was electrocuted.

NOTE:
It only takes approximately 0.05A to electrocute a person and much less for farm amnimal.
Earth wire carrying leakage current back to the general mass has been disconnected. If the
operator touched the frame will made up the return path to earth for the leakage current
because the frame has become live.
A metal casing is said to be “live” when there exists a difference in voltage (electrical
pressure) between it and the general mass of the earth.
EARTH INSULATION RESISTANCE
The purpose of the earth insulation resistance test is to warn of the existence of the possible
leakages to earth and to pin point the actual leakage.
PREPARATIONS FOR EARTH INSULATION TEST
 Supply off
 Fuse in, neutral link in
 All switches on
 All lamps in
 Connect all poles together
Test instrument
The instrument used for insulation resistance test is insulation tester meter or megaΩ
The test should be carried out at the nearest point to the supply authority meter.
Method
1. Connect one wire of insulation tester to earthed metalwork (case of the main switch
trucking conduit
2. Connect other wire to phase (or phases) and neutral in turn.
Readings
The accepted reading will depend upon the size of the installation but should be not less
than 50/number of outlets (megaohms) MΩ or where PVC insulation is used 12 .5/number of
outlets MΩ
1 MΩ=1000000Ω
An outlet, in this instance includes points switches but a switch combined with a socket
outlet, appliance or lighting fitting is regarded as one outlet. These are the reading when an
installation is complete.
In the figure above there are four switches and four lights therefore the minimum reading
would be
50/8=6.25MΩ
And the PVC installation is used would be
12.5/8=1.56MΩ
A minimum reading is of 1 MΩ is allowed or 0.5MΩ where apparatus is connected. If the
reading obtained is less than minimum allowed then the installation must be divided to isolate
the faulty circuit.
In the figure below circuit 1,2,3 would be completely isolated in turn until the circuit 3
causing the fault reading was found.
BETWEEN POLE
The purpose of the between pole test is to make sure that there are no short circuit or low
resistance connections between live conductors in the installation.
Preparation for the test
 Supply off
 Lamps out appliances out
 All switches on
 All fuses and neutral link in

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