FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology

Hamdard University

Experiment No. 02
OBJECTIVE:

To build circuit of Inverting and Non-inverting amplifier through 741 Op-amp using Biosignal
stimulator.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

• Biosignal stimulator
• Function generator
• Op-amp 741
• Power Supply
• Oscilloscope
• Bread board
• Resistors

THEORY:

INVERTING AMPLIFIER:

An inverting amplifier using op-amp is a type of amplifier where the output waveform will be
phase opposite to the input waveform. The input waveform will be amplifier by the factor Av
(voltage gain of the amplifier) in magnitude and its phase will be inverted. In the inverting
amplifier circuit, the signal to be amplified is applied to the inverting input of the op-amp through
the input resistance R1 and Rf is the feedback resistor. Rf and Rin together determine the gain of
the amplifier. Inverting operational amplifier gain can be expressed using the equation:

Av = – Rf /R1

Negative sign implies that the output signal is negated. The circuit diagram of a basic inverting
amplifier using op-amp is shown below.

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Shara e Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University

Practical inverting amplifier using 741:

A simple practical inverting amplifier using 741 IC is uA 741 which is a high performance. It can
be used in a variety of applications like integrator, differentiator, voltage follower, amplifier etc.
uA 741 has a wide supply voltage range (+/-22V DC) and has a high open loop gain. The IC has
an integrated compensation network for improving stability and has short circuit protection. Signal
to be amplified is applied to the inverting input (pin-2) of the IC. Non-inverting pin (pin-3) is
connected to ground. R1 is the input resistor and Rf is the feedback resistor. Rf and R1 together
sets the gain of the amplifier. With the used values of R1 and Rf the gain will be 10 (Av = -Rf/R1
= 10K/4.7K = 2.1). RL is the load resistor and the amplified signal will be available across it.

In the inverting amplifier only one input is applied and that is to the inverting input (V2) terminal.
The Non inverting input terminal (V1) is grounded.

Since,
V1 = 0 V

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Shara e Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University

V2 = Vin
Vo = -A Vin
The negative sign indicates the output voltage is 1800 out of phase with respect to the input and
amplified by gain A.
PROCEDURE:

USING BIOSIGNAL STIMULATOR:

1. Connect the components as per the circuit diagram on the Bread board.
2. Connect the input terminal i.e. inverting input of the op-amp to the stimulator and output
terminal to CRO.

3. You will notice the output from the biosignal stimulator has been amplified and inverted.

USING FUNCTION GENERATOR:

1. Replace the input with the function generator and adjust the input voltage starting with 1V.
2. Set the values of Rf and Ri as given in the table and find the output voltage.
3. Repeat the above steps for different voltages by taking different input signals.

S.No. Vin Rf Ri Vout

a) 1V 10K 1K 10 V

b) 2V 5K 1K 10 V

c) 5V 2.2K 1K 11 V

d) 5V 10K 2.2K 22.7 V

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Shara e Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University

NON- INVERTING AMPLIFIER:

The non-inverting voltage amplifier is based on series-parallel negative feedback. As the ideal
voltage controlled voltage source, this amplifier exhibits high input impedance, low output
impedance, and stable voltage gain. The voltage gain is set by the two feedback resistors, Ri and
Rf.

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Shara e Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University

Practical Non-inverting amplifier using 741:

The input is applied to the non-inverting input terminal and the Inverting terminal is connected to
the ground.

V1= Vin
V2 = 0 Volts Vo
= A Vin

The output voltage is larger than the input voltage by gain A & is in phase with the input signal.

PROCEDURE:

1) Connect the circuit for non-inverting amplifier on a breadboard.

2) Connect the input terminal of the op-amp to

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Shara e Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University

a) Biosignal Stimulator
b) Function generator
3) Observe the output on CRO and read the values by changing the input from function generator.

S.No. Vin Rf Ri Vout

1. 1V 10K 1K 11 V

2. 2V 5K 1K 12 V

3. 5V 2.2K 1K 11 V

OUTPUT WAVEFORM

Inverting Amplifier

Non-Inverting Amplifier

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Shara e Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Shara e Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University

EXERCISE:

1. Design an inverting amplifier with a gain of 10 and input resistance equal to 10KΩ.

Answer: A=10

Rin=10k

A=Rf/Rin

10 = Rf/10k

10 x 10k = 100k

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Shara e Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University

2. Explain the meaning of open loop and closed loop operation of an op- amp?

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Shara e Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University

Answer: In op-amp open loop means no feedback resistor is connected, the open loop gain of op-
amp is 10^5 to 10^6. But since practically it is impossible for op-amp to give such a gain so the
output voltage will be saturated output which will depend upon on the value of VCC and VEE.

In closed loop op-amp a feedback resistor is attached, by which the gain of op-amp can be set by
setting the value of feedback resistor which will solve the problem of saturated output (Vsat).

3. Choose R2 for a gain of 5 if R1 = 10k by using a DC source of 1V for inverting amplifier. Attach
the simulated results using Multisim..
Answer:
A=5 , R1=10k,
A=R2/R1
5 x 10k= R2
R2=50K

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Shara e Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Shara e Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Shara e Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Shara e Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Shara e Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.