ChE 367: Lecture 7

Combest
2/3/2012

1
 Agenda

The Reynolds
System vs.
Transport Announcements
Control Volume
Theorem

• Intensive vs. Extensive

Property
• Integral
• Continuity Equation

2
System vs. Control Volume

3
 System vs. Control Volume
System
Defined as a collection of matter of fixed identity

4
 System vs. Control Volume
System
Defined as a collection of matter of fixed identity

[1] Chemical
species in a
reactor
5
 System vs. Control Volume
System
Defined as a collection of matter of fixed identity

[2]
[1] Chemical Air in your lungs
species in a
reactor
6
 System vs. Control Volume
System
Defined as a collection of matter of fixed identity

[2] [3]
[1] Chemical Air in your lungs
Cereal in a bowl
species in a
reactor
7
 System vs. Control Volume
System
Defined as a collection of matter of fixed identity
Control Volume
Geometric entity through which a fluid flows that is
bound by a control surface.

8
 System vs. Control Volume
System
Defined as a collection of matter of fixed identity
Control Volume
Geometric entity through which a fluid flows that is
bound by a control surface.

[4]
Engine Block
9
 System vs. Control Volume
System
Defined as a collection of matter of fixed identity
Control Volume
Geometric entity through which a fluid flows that is
bound by a control surface.

[4] Square Box

Engine Block
10
System vs. Control Volume

11
System vs. Control Volume

Control volumes can be…

(a) Fixed
(b) Fixed or moving
(c ) Deforming

12
Reynolds Transport Theorem

13
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

14
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

Intensive Property
A property that is independent of the amount of material.

15
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

Intensive Property
A property that is independent of the amount of material.
Examples
Density Viscosity Velocity
Temperature Heat Capacity Elasticity

16
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

Intensive Property
A property that is independent of the amount of material.
Examples
Density Viscosity Velocity
Temperature Heat Capacity Elasticity

Extensive Property
A property that is dependent on the amount of material.

17
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

Intensive Property
A property that is independent of the amount of material.
Examples
Density Viscosity Velocity
Temperature Heat Capacity Elasticity

Extensive Property
A property that is dependent on the amount of material.
Examples
Momentum Total Energy Mass
Volume Moles Present Entropy

18
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

In terms of RTT

19
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

In terms of RTT

Extensive Property Intensive Property

20
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

In terms of RTT

Extensive Property Intensive Property

If B equals… Then b equals…

21
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

In terms of RTT

Extensive Property Intensive Property

If B equals… Then b equals…

22
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

In terms of RTT

Extensive Property Intensive Property

If B equals… Then b equals…

K.E. per
unit mass

23
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

In terms of RTT

Extensive Property Intensive Property

If B equals… Then b equals…

K.E. per
unit mass

24
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

In terms of RTT

Extensive Property Intensive Property

If B equals… Then b equals…

K.E. per
unit mass

Momentum
per unit mass
25
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property
In terms of RTT

26
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property
In terms of RTT

27
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property
In terms of RTT

28
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property
In terms of RTT

Change of the property in

the system

Change of the property in

the control volume

29
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property
In terms of RTT
Change of the extensive
property in the system

Change of the extensive

property in the control
volume

RTT relates the time rate of change of the

extensive property in the system and control
volume
30
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

t=0 t>0

Control Volume System

31
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

At t > 0

32
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

At t > 0

33
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Intensive vs. Extensive Property

At t > 0

34
Reynolds Transport Theorem
The Integral Form

35
Reynolds Transport Theorem
The Integral Form

Remembering the divergence theorem

36
Reynolds Transport Theorem
The Integral Form

Remembering the divergence theorem

37
Reynolds Transport Theorem
The Integral Form

38
Reynolds Transport Theorem
The Integral Form

39
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

40
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

If B equals… Then b equals…

41
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

If B equals… Then b equals…

mass

42
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

If B equals… Then b equals…

mass

43
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

If B equals… Then b equals…

mass

44
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

45
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

If the fluid is incompressible and constant density

46
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

If the fluid is incompressible and constant density

47
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

If the fluid is incompressible and constant density

Great, but wait a minute….

48
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

49
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

Using Divergence Theorem

50
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

Using Divergence Theorem

51
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

What does this

term really
mean?

52
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

53
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

54
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

• Velocity vector points into

the volume
• Surface normal points
outward

55
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

• Velocity vector points into

the volume
• Surface normal points
outward

56
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

• Velocity vector points into

the volume
• Surface normal points
outward

• Velocity vector points

parallel to surface
• Surface normal points
outward
• Vectors perpendicular
(orthogonal)

57
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

• Velocity vector points into

the volume
• Surface normal points
outward

• Velocity vector points

parallel to surface
• Surface normal points
outward
• Vectors perpendicular
(orthogonal)

58
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

59
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

Captures the net Outflow-Inflow

60
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

Captures the net Outflow-Inflow

61
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Continuity Equation

Captures the net Outflow-Inflow

Accumulation + Outflow-Inflow= 0

62
 Reynolds Transport Theorem
Closure

• RTT is the integral form of the material derivative

• Both of which are the basis for the transport equations for
heat, mass, and momentum

• Go through the book and glance over the derivation in

detail

63
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Problems

64
 Some Announcements
• Test 1 week from today @ 9AM sharp
• Let me know ASAP if you are taking it early
• HW 3 Due Wednesday (make a photocopy if
you want in in the test)
• Answer Key 1 and 2 will be up tonight
• Have a good weekend!

65
 Sources
1. http://pinnacleequipments.tradeindia.com/Exporters_Suppliers/Exporte
r19109.308646/Chemical-Reactor.html
2. http://www.saburchill.com/chapters/chap0019.html
3. http://blog.echolife.com.au/2010/08/12/unhealthy-breakfast-
cereals/cereal/
4. http://www.ansys.com/Products/Workflow+Technology/ANSYS+Workbe
nch+Platform/ANSYS+Meshing/Features

66