Test Document

Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Copy No.: 0 Content: 40 Sheets

Test object : Metal oxide surge arrester type 3EK7, rated voltage 3 kV ... 45 kV,
nominal discharge current 10 kA.
Manufacturer: Siemens AG, EV HBA
th th th th
Date of Test: October 11 to November 5 , 1999 and July 19 to 20 , 2000

Testing Station : Siemens AG, Arrester Test Field

Applied Test Specifications:

IEC 60099-4, Edition 1.1, 1998-08

Test performed:

Type Test
Insulation withstand tests on the arrester housing
Residual voltage test
Long duration current impulse withstand test
Operating duty test
Partial discharge test

Test Result :

The surge arrester 3EK7 has passed the tests stated above without any objection.
The results obtained and the performance proved of the surge arrester 3EK7 comply with the requirements
of the specifications mentioned above.

Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
EV HBA

sign Dr. Hinrichsen sign Göhler

(Dr. V. Hinrichsen) (R. Göhler)
(Chief engineer) (Head of Arrester Test Field)

th
Berlin, December 19 , 2000
Postal Address:
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Siemens AG
Alle Rechte vorbehalten. All rights reserved. EV HBA2
Ó Siemens AG 1998 D-13623 Berlin
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 2

2 Index
Sheet-no..
1 Test Document ......................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Index .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
3 Technical data of the surge arrester Type 3EK7................................................................................... 3
4 Dimensional drawing of the arrester...................................................................................................... 4
5 Insulation withstand tests on the arrester housing.............................................................................. 5
5.1 Test result............................................................................................................................................ 5
5.2 Oscillograms........................................................................................................................................ 6
5.3 Technical Data of Test Circuit ............................................................................................................. 7
5.3.1 Power-frequency voltage ............................................................................................................. 7
5.3.2 Lightning impulse voltage............................................................................................................. 8
6 Residual voltage tests ............................................................................................................................. 9
6.1 Steep current impulse residual voltage test ........................................................................................ 9
6.1.1 Test result..................................................................................................................................... 9
6.1.2 Oscillograms of sample no. 1..................................................................................................... 10
6.2 Lightning impulse residual voltage test ............................................................................................. 11
6.2.1 Test result................................................................................................................................... 11
6.2.2 Oscillograms of sample no. 1..................................................................................................... 12
6.3 Switching impulse residual voltage test............................................................................................. 13
6.3.1 Test result................................................................................................................................... 13
6.3.2 Oscillograms of sample no. 1..................................................................................................... 14
6.4 Residual voltage characteristic.......................................................................................................... 15
6.5 Steep current impulse residual voltage characteristic....................................................................... 16
6.6 Lightning impulse residual voltage characteristic .............................................................................. 17
6.7 Switching impulse residual voltage characteristic ............................................................................. 18
6.8 Technical data of test circuit .............................................................................................................. 19
6.8.1 Steep current impulse residual voltage test ............................................................................... 19
6.8.2 Lightning and switching impulse residual voltage test ............................................................... 20
7 Long duration current impulse withstand test.................................................................................... 21
7.1 Test result.......................................................................................................................................... 22
7.2 Oscillograms of long duration current impulse withstand test, sample no. 1 .................................... 23
7.3 Oscillograms of the residual voltage measurement, sample no. 1.................................................... 23
7.4 Technical Data of Test Circuit ........................................................................................................... 24
8 High current impulse operating duty test............................................................................................ 25
8.1 Arrester cross section (thermal model) ............................................................................................. 26
8.2 Cooling curves................................................................................................................................... 27
8.3 Result of accelerated ageing test ...................................................................................................... 27
8.4 Calculation of the test sample’s rated voltage................................................................................... 28
8.5 Test result.......................................................................................................................................... 29
8.5.1 Residual voltage measurement at 10 kA, 8/20 µs: .................................................................... 29
8.5.2 Conditioning test......................................................................................................................... 30
8.5.3 High current impulses (preheating to 60 °C between the impulses).......................................... 31
nd
8.5.4 Leakage current at Uc = 9.09 kV and 60 °C before the 2 high current impulse..................... 31
8.5.5 Rated voltage 60 ms after the 2nd high current impulse Ur = 11,19 kV for 10 s ..................... 32
8.5.6 Leakage current at Uc 5 s and 30 min after energy injection ................................................... 32
8.5.7 Thermal stability withstand test .................................................................................................. 33
8.6 Technical Data of Test Circuit ........................................................................................................... 36
8.6.1 Conditioning test......................................................................................................................... 36
8.6.2 High current impulse operating duty test.................................................................................... 37
9 Partial discharge test ............................................................................................................................. 39
9.1 Test result.......................................................................................................................................... 39
9.2 Technical Data of Test Circuit ........................................................................................................... 40

___________________________________
Dipl.-Ing. Bernd Kruska (Test Engineer)
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 3

3 Technical data of the surge arrester Type 3EK7

Rated voltage 3 kV ... 45 kV

Continuous operating voltage 2,4 kV ... 36 kV

Nominal discharge current 10 kA

Max. residual voltage at 10 kA, 8/20 9,0 kV ... 129,8 kV

Long duration current impulse capability 2 ms 325 A

Line discharge class 1

High current impulse 4/10 µs 100 kA

Short-circuit current strength 0,2 s 20 kA

Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 4

4 Dimensional drawing of the arrester

Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 5

5 Insulation withstand tests on the arrester housing

The insulation withstand voltages of all arrester housings are given in the table below.

Surge Insulation withstand level of arrester housing

arrester Power-frequency voltage Lightning impulse
1)
type 50 Hz, 1 min voltage
3EK7... [kV] [kV]
dry wet
060...150 70 50 115
180...210 80 60 130
240...300 100 75 170
360...450 145 105 250

1) according to drawing 3HH 802 58703 (see sheet-no. 4)

A dielectric test, consisting of a power-fequency voltage test under dry and wet conditions and a lightning
impulse voltage test (test circuits see sheet-nos. 7 and 8) was performed according to IEC 60-1 (1989) on
the longest arrester housing of the 3EK7 (metal-oxide blocks replaced by glasfiber reinforced plastic rod).

5.1 Test result

Atmospheric conditions:

t = temperature b = air pressure rh = relative humidity

h = absolute humidity k1 = air density correction factor
k2 = humidity correction factor kt = k1 · k2 = correction factor

Condition t b rh h k1 k2 kt
3
°C kPa % g/m
lightning impulse voltage 25 101,3 53 12,4 0,996 1,004 1,000
power-fequency voltage dry 21 100,4 55 10,1 0,999 0,999 0,998
wet 21 99,5 60 11,0 0,999 1,000 0,999

Table of withstand voltage values

Condition polarity required corrected applied test result

voltage voltage voltage
[kV] [kV] [kV]
imp / flash
lightning impulse positive 250 250 251 15 / 0
voltage 1,2/50 µs negative 250 250 259 15 / 0
power-fequency dry 145 145 150 1 min
*)
voltage 50 Hz wet 105 105 110 no flash

*) Resistivity of water: 103 µS/cm (98 Wm)

Precipitation rate vertical: 1,35 mm/min
Precipitation rate horizontal: 1,70 mm/min

The test sample has passed the test (oscillograms see sheet no. 6).
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 6

5.2 Oscillograms

Lightning impulse voltage

positive polarity positive polarity

300 300

250 250

200 200

150 150
U [kV]

U [kV]
100 100

50 50

0 0

-50 -50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
t [µs] t [µs]

negative polarity
50

-50

-100
U [kV]

-150

-200

-250

-300
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
t [µs]

Wave shape: Time to crest Tcr = 1,14 µs

Time to half value Th = 49 µs
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 7

5.3 Technical Data of Test Circuit

5.3.1 Power-frequency voltage

Transformer: Rated voltage kV 1200

Rated power kVA 1500

CH

Tr TS

CN

Tr.... Transformer
TS... Test sample

Voltage measurement: u

Capacitive divider: CH= 162,5 pF, CN= 1,313 µF

AC Peak Voltmeter Haefely type 51
Oscilloscope Tektronix type 2430

Test sample: Arrester housing

Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 8

5.3.2 Lightning impulse voltage

Surge circuit: Surge capacitance nF 250

Load capacitance nF 1,5
Front resistance W 290
Discharge resistance W 276
Test wave front time µs 1,2

TG Rd

C
H
TS
Cs Re Cb

C
N

TG... Trigger spark gap

TS... Test sample
Cs... Surge capacitor
Cb... Load capacitor
Rd... Front resistor
Re... Discharge resistor

Voltage measurement: u

Capacitive divider: CH= 0,465 pF, CN= 6,325 nF

Oscilloscope Tektronix type TDS 520 / PC Laptop

Test sample: Arrester housing

Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 9

6 Residual voltage tests

The residual voltage tests (steep current impulse, lightning impulse, switching impulse) were performed on
three typical arrester sections (1 MO-block). All measured residual voltage values shall be below the
maximum specified values given in the diagram on sheet-no. 15.

6.1 Steep current impulse residual voltage test

The steep current impulse residual voltage test was performed with current peak values of 5 kA, 10 kA and
20 kA, wave shape 1/2 µs (test circuit see sheet-no.19).

6.1.1 Test result

*)
I Ures
sample-no. [kA] [kV]

1 5,06 13,28
10,0 14,58
20,1 16,56
2 5,06 13,22
10,1 14,32
20,0 16,11
3 5,00 13,15
9,98 14,55
20,1 16,32

*)
Ures = U2 - U1 (see technical data of test circuit)

On sheet-no. 16 all measured values in per unit of the residual voltage at 10 kA, 8/20 µs are shown in
comparison to the maximum specified residual voltage curve.
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 10

6.1.2 Oscillograms of sample no. 1

sample no. 1: residual voltage at 5,06 kA, 1/2 µs sample no. 1: residual voltage at 10,0 kA, 1/2 µs
14 8 16 18

12 7 14 16

10 6 12 14

10 12
8 5
8 10
U [kV]

U [kV]
6 4
I [kA]

I [kA]
6 8
4 3
4 6
2 2
2 4
0 1 0 2
-2 0 -2 0

-4 -1 -4 -2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
t [µs] t [µs]

sample no. 1: residual voltage at 20,1 kA, 1/2 µs

18 40

16 36

14 32

12 28

10 24
U [kV]

8 20
I [kA]

6 16

4 12

2 8

0 4

-2 0

-4 -4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
t [µs]
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 11

6.2 Lightning impulse residual voltage test

The lightning impulse residual voltage test was performed with current peak values of 1 kA, 2 kA, 5 kA,
10 kA and 20 kA wave shape 8/20 µs (test circuit see sheet-no. 20).

6.2.1 Test result

*)
I Ures
sample-no. [kA] [kV]

1 1,04 10,77
2,03 11,40
4,95 12,41
9,93 13,69
20,0 15,36
2 1,05 10,77
1,98 11,35
5,05 12,48
10,0 13,68
19,9 15,43
3 1,06 10,78
1,92 11,33
5,08 12,42
10,0 13,67
20,0 15,39

*)
Ures = Ures,Osc - Ushunt

On sheet-no. 17 all measured values in per unit of the residual voltage at 10 kA, 8/20 µs are shown in
comparison to the maximum specified residual voltage curve.
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 12

6.2.2 Oscillograms of sample no. 1

sample no. 1: residual voltage at 1,04 kA, 8/20 µs sample no. 1: residual voltage at 2,03 kA, 8/20 µs
12 1.4 14 4.0

10 1.2 12 3.5

10 3.0
8 1.0
8 2.5
6 0.8
U [kV]

U [kV]
6 2.0

I [kA]

I [kA]
4 0.6
4 1.5
2 0.4
2 1.0
0 0.2
0 0.5

-2 0.0 -2 0.0

-4 -0.2 -4 -0.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
t [µs] t [µs]

sample no. 1: residual voltage at 4,95 kA, 8/20 µs sample no. 1: residual voltage at 9,93 kA, 8/20 µs
14 8 16 18

12 7 14 16

10 6 12 14

10 12
8 5
8 10
U [kV]

U [kV]

6 4
I [kA]

I [kA]
6 8
4 3
4 6
2 2
2 4
0 1 0 2
-2 0 -2 0

-4 -1 -4 -2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
t [µs] t [µs]

sample no. 1: residual voltage at 20,0 kA, 8/20 µs

18 40

16 36

14 32

12 28

10 24
U [kV]

8 20
I [kA]

6 16

4 12

2 8

0 4

-2 0

-4 -4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
t [µs]
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 13

6.3 Switching impulse residual voltage test

The switching impulse residual voltage test was performed with current peak values of 125 A, 250 A,
500 A, 1 kA, 2 kA and 3 kA wave shape 30/60 µs (test circuit see sheet-no. 20).

6.3.1 Test result

*)
I Ures
sample-no. [kA] [kV]

1 0,127 9,47
0,250 9,80
0,502 10,18
1,00 10,59
2,00 11,13
2,97 11,67
2 0,126 9,46
0,256 9,78
0,506 10,18
0,99 10,56
2,02 11,19
2,96 11,67
3 0,128 9,47
0,242 9,79
0,507 10,21
0,98 10,63
2,01 11,23
2,98 11,66

*)
Ures = Ures,Osc - Ushunt

On sheet-no. 18 all measured values in per unit of the residual voltage at 10 kA, 8/20 µs are shown in
comparison to the maximum specified residual voltage curve.
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 14

6.3.2 Oscillograms of sample no. 1

sample no. 1: residual voltage at 0,127 kA, 30/60 µs sample no. 1: residual voltage at 0,250 kA, 30/60 µs
12 0.175 12 0.35

10 0.150 10 0.30

8 0.125 8 0.25

6 0.100 6 0.20
U [kV]

U [kV]
I [kA]

I [kA]
4 0.075 4 0.15

2 0.050 2 0.10

0 0.025 0 0.05

-2 0.000 -2 0.00

-4 -0.025 -4 -0.05
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
t [µs] t [µs]

sample no. 1: residual voltage at 0,502 kA, 30/60 µs sample no. 1: residual voltage at 1,00 kA, 30/60 µs
12 0.7 12 1.4

10 0.6 10 1.2

8 0.5 8 1.0

6 0.4 6 0.8
U [kV]

U [kV]
I [kA]

I [kA]
4 0.3 4 0.6

2 0.2 2 0.4

0 0.1 0 0.2

-2 0.0 -2 0.0

-4 -0.1 -4 -0.2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
t [µs] t [µs]

sample no. 1: residual voltage at 2,00 kA, 30/60 µs sample no. 1: residual voltage at 2,97 kA, 30/60 µs
12 3.5 14 4.0

10 3.0 12 3.5

10 3.0
8 2.5
8 2.5
6 2.0
U [kV]

U [kV]

6 2.0
I [kA]

I [kA]

4 1.5
4 1.5
2 1.0
2 1.0
0 0.5
0 0.5

-2 0.0 -2 0.0

-4 -0.5 -4 -0.5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
t [µs] t [µs]
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 15

6.4 Residual voltage characteristic

Maximum specified values in per unit of the residual voltage at 10 kA, 8/20 µs:

1.3

1.2

wave shape 1/2 µs

1.1
p.u. of Ures, 10kA, 8/20 µs

0.9
wave shape 8/20 µs

0.8

wave shape 30/60 µs

0.7

0.6
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
I [kA]
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 16

6.5 Steep current impulse residual voltage characteristic

Measured values in comparison to maximum specified values in per unit of the residual voltage at
10 kA, 8/20 µs; (o sample no. 1; ¡ sample no. 2; l sample no. 3):

1.3

1.2
p.u. of Ures, 10kA, 8/20 µs

1.1

0.9

0.8
0.1 1 10 100
I [kA]
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 17

6.6 Lightning impulse residual voltage characteristic

Measured values in comparison to maximum specified values in per unit of the residual voltage at
10 kA, 8/20 µs (o sample no. 1; ¡ sample no. 2; l sample no. 3):

1.2

1.1
p.u. of Ures, 10kA, 8/20 µs

0.9

0.8

0.7
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
I [kA]
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 18

6.7 Switching impulse residual voltage characteristic

Measured values in comparison to maximum specified values in per unit of the residual voltage at
10 kA, 8/20 µs (o sample no. 1; ¡ sample no. 2; l sample no. 3):

0.9
p.u. of Ures, 10kA, 8/20 µs

0.8

0.7

0.6
0.01 0.1 1 10
I [kA]
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 19

6.8 Technical data of test circuit

6.8.1 Steep current impulse residual voltage test

Surge circuit: Discharge current kA 5 10 20

Surge capacitance µF 1,6
Inductance µH 0,53
Wave shape µs 1/2

Cs TG L Rd TS RSH i

u1
RL Re

HVP u2
Uc H

TG... Trigger spark gap RL ... Charge resistor

TS ... Test sample Re ... Discharge resistor
Cs ... Surge capacitor Uc ... Charge voltage
L ... Inductance H ... Shielded housing
Rd ... Front resistor

Voltage measurement: u1, u2

High voltage probe HVP 1000:1, Tektronix P 6015

Oscilloscope Tektronix type TDS 520 / PC-Laptop

Current measurement: i

Shunt RSH = 2 mW
Oscilloscope Tektronix type TDS 520 / PC-Laptop

Test sample: 1 MO-block

Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 20

6.8.2 Lightning and switching impulse residual voltage test

Surge circuit: Discharge current kA 1 ... 5 10 ... 20 0,1 ... 3

Surge capacitance µF 1,85 3,7 1,85
Inductance µH 20 12 401
Wave shape µs 8/20 30/60

Uc L
TG
TS R
H

R
SH
RN

i u
(Ushunt) (RN / (RN + RH) · Ures,Osc)

TG ... Trigger spark gap

TS ... Test sample
C ... Surge capacitor
L ... Inductance
UC ... Charge voltage

Voltage measurement: u

Ohmic divider: RH = 4078,9 Ω, RN = 60,21 Ω

Oscilloscope Tektronix type TDS 520 / PC

Current measurement: i

Shunt RSH = 205,21 mΩ (≤ 3 kA); 108,47 mΩ (5 kA); 40,33 mΩ (10 kA); 21,99 mΩ (20 kA)
Oscilloscope Tektronix type TDS 520 / PC

Test sample: 1 MO-block

Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 21

7 Long duration current impulse withstand test

The long duration current impulse withstand test was performed on three MO-blocks of 5,25 kV rated voltage
(test circuit see sheet-no. 24).

The test consists of 18 discharge operations divided into 6 groups of 3 operations. Time between operations
was 1 min and between groups such that the samples cooled down to ambient temperature.

Calculation of the test sample’s required impulse energy for line discharge class 1:

1. Measurement of switching impulse residual voltage at 125 A, 30/60 µs

*)
sample no. Ures,125A
[kV]
1 8,93
2 9,03
3 9,04

*)
Ures = Ures,Osc - Ushunt

sample no. 1: residual voltage at 0,126kA, 30/60 µs

12 0.28

10 0.24

8 0.2

6 0.16
U [kV]

I [kA]

4 0.12

2 0.08

0 0.04

-2 0

-4 -0.04
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
t [µs]

2. Impulse energy for line discharge class 1

T
W = Urest, 125 A min × (UL - Urest, 125 A min ) ×
Z
für Leitungsentladungsklasse 1: UL = 3,2 × Ur
Z = 4,9 × Ur
T = 2000 µs
1
W = 8,93kV × (3,2 × 5,25kV - 8,93kV ) × × 2000ms = 5,46kJ
( 4,9 × 5,25W)
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 22

This calculated energy is less then the energy absorption capability of one MO-block. So the test was
performed with the specified long duration current impulse of 325 A.

7.1 Test result

Long duration current impulse withstand test:

sample 1st impulse 18th impulse

no. I Ures W I Ures W
[A] [kV] [kJ] [A] [kV] [kJ]
1 329 10,17 7,98 345 10,34 8,57
2 334 10,12 8,11 347 10,28 8,58
3 327 10,15 8,00 345 10,31 8,58

Residual voltage measurement:

sample Ures10kA [kV]*) change

no. before the test after the test [%]
1 14,04 13,86 - 1,3
2 14,01 13,83 - 1,3
3 14,07 12,92 - 1,1
*) Ures= Uresosc - Ushunt

Visual examination of the MO-blocks revealed no evidence of puncture, flashover or cracking and the
change of residual voltage was within 5 %.
Before and after the test the residual voltage was measured at nominal discharge current.
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 23

7.2 Oscillograms of long duration current impulse withstand test, sample no. 1

sample no. 1: 1st impulse sample no. 1: 18th impulse

10 500 10 500

8 400 8 400

6 300 6 300
U [kV]

U [kV]
I [A]

I [A]
4 200 4 200

2 100 2 100

0 0 0 0

-2 -100 -2 -100
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
t [ms] t [ms]

7.3 Oscillograms of the residual voltage measurement, sample no. 1

sample no. 1: before the test sample no. 1: after the test
16 16 16 16

14 14 14 14

12 12 12 12

10 10 10 10
U [kV]

U [kV]

8 8 8 8
I [kA]

I [kA]

6 6 6 6

4 4 4 4

2 2 2 2

0 0 0 0

-2 -2 -2 -2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
t [µs] t [µs]
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 24

7.4 Technical Data of Test Circuit

Surge circuit : Section capacitance µF 7,4

Section inductance mH 1,15
Number of sections 12

L L L Uc
TG

C C
R
TS H

i
RN
RSH

TG... Trigger spark gap

TS... Test sample
C ... Section capacitors
L .. Section inductances
Uc... Charge voltage

Voltage measurement : u

Ohmic divider: RH= 4995 W, RN= 33,9 W

Oscilloscope Tektronix type TDS 410 / PC-Laptop

current measurement : i

Shunt RSH= 61,8 mW

Oscilloscope Tektronix type TDS 410 / PC-Laptop

Test sample : arrester section

Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 25

8 High current impulse operating duty test

The test was performed on three prorated arrester sections (arrester cross section, see sheet-no. 26) with a
thermal and electrical behaviour corresponding to the behaviour of the complete arrester. Sheet-no. 27
shows in comparison the cooling curves of the complete arrester type 3EK7 450-4CX and the thermal model
used for the test.

First of all, the reference voltage of the samples was measured at a current peak value of 1.5 mA to
calculate the sample's rated voltage (Ur).

Then the samples were exposed to a conditioning test consisting of 20 impulses of the nominal discharge
current 10 kA, 8/20 µs (4 groups of 5 impulses each, time between the impulses 1 min, between the groups
25 min) while the test samples were energized at 1,2 times of the continuous operating voltage (Uc).

After the first high current impulse 100 kA, 4/10 µs the samples were preheated to 60 °C and then subjected
to the second high current impulse. About 60 ms after the second high current impulse a power transformer
was connected to the samples for 10 s with a voltage equivalent to the rated voltage. After 10 s the samples
were subsequently connected to a voltage transformer supplying Uc. Uc was applied for at least 30 min.
To prove thermal stability the power dissipation, the resistive componend of the leakage current and the
temperature were measured and registered continuously during Uc application (test circuits see sheet-nos.
36...38).

Before and after the test the residual voltage at nominal discharge current 10 kA, 8/20 µs was measured.

According to IEC 60099-4 (1998), clause 7.5.2 an accelerated ageing test was performed on one single MO-
block with silicone housing. Test conditions were: constant temperature (115 °C) and constant test voltage
equal to Uc. During the test running for more than 1000 h the power dissipation was measured. No increase
of power dissipation was observed during the test time (see sheet-no. 27). That means no correction of
above test voltages (Ur, Uc) was necessary.
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 26

8.1 Arrester cross section (thermal model)

Current supply
Gripping
Hard tissue Gripping

Cork

MO Silicone

Temperature
GRP tube
Measurement MO

Current supply
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 27

8.2 Cooling curves

Comparison: arrester - thermal model (To = 120 °C, Tambient = 20 °C)

1.0

0.9

0.8
3EK7 450-4CX4
0.7 thermal model
0.6
dT/dTo

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
t [min]

To=120 °C Tambient= 20 °C
dTo= To - Tambient= 100 °C dT= T - Tambient

8.3 Result of accelerated ageing test

1.2

0.8
P /Po

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Ö t [h]
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 28

8.4 Calculation of the test sample’s rated voltage

n = rated voltage of complete arrester / rated voltage of test sample

n = 45 kV / 10,5 kV = 4,286
(the most severe dimensioning is done for the arrester with a rated voltage of 45 kV)

k = minimum reference voltage of complete arrester / rated voltage of complete arrester

k = 40,7 kV / 45 kV = 0,904

The reference voltage of the test sample should be equal to k Ur / n:

Uref = k Ur / n = 9,50 kV

Measurement of reference voltage at a current peak value of 1,5 mA

sample no. Uref 1,5 mA

(two blocks) [kV]
1 10,12
2 10,19
3 10,36

sample no.1: reference voltage at î = 1,5 mA

15 3

10 2

5 1
U [kV]

I [mA]

0 0

-5 -1

-10 -2

-15 -3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
t [ms]

Reducing of n for an available test sample: nsample1 = k Ur / Uref sample1 = 4,022

nsample2 = k Ur / Uref sample2 = 3,994
nsample3 = k Ur / Uref sample3 = 3,929

Calculation of Ur: Ur sample1 = Ur / nsample1 = 11,19 kV

Ur sample2 = Ur / nsample2 = 11,27 kV
Ur sample3 = Ur / nsample3 = 11,45 kV

Calculation of Uc: Uc sample1 = 0,8 Ur sample1 = 8,95 kV

Uc sample2 = 0,8 Ur sample2 = 9,02 kV
Uc sample3 = 0,8 Ur sample3 = 9,16 kV
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 29

8.5 Test result

On all three test samples power dissipation, resistive component of the leakage current and temperature
permanently decreased during 30 min. application of the continuous operating voltage.
Visual inspection of the MO-blocks after the test revealed no evidence of puncture, flashover or cracking.
Change of the discharge voltages of all three test samples was far below the allowed 10%.

The oscillograms of the complete test procedure are shown as an example for test sample no. 1 on sheet
nos. 29 to 32. The records of power dissipation, voltage (û/Ö2), resistive component of the leakage current
and temperature during 30 min. application of the continuous operating voltage are shown for all three
samples on sheet nos. 33 to 35.

8.5.1 Residual voltage measurement at 10 kA, 8/20 µs:

sample Ures10kA [kV]*) change

no. before the test after the test [%]
1 26,30 26,50 + 0,8
2 26,38 26,53 + 0,6
3 26,55 26,60 + 0,2

sample no. 1: before the test sample no. 1: after the test
28 14 28 14

24 12 24 12

20 10 20 10

16 8 16 8
U [kV]

U [kV]
I [kA]

I [kA]
12 6 12 6

8 4 8 4

4 2 4 2

0 0 0 0

-4 -2 -4 -2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
t [µs] t [µs]

*) Ures= Uresosc - Ushunt

Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 30

8.5.2 Conditioning test

20 impulses 10 kA, 8/20 µs and simultaneously 10,74 kV, i.e. 1,2 times Uc

sample no. 1: 1st operation sample no. 1: 20th operation

20 40 20 40
16 32 16 32
12 24 12 24
8 16 8 16
4 8 4 8
U [kV]

U [kV]
I [mA]

I [mA]
0 0 0 0
-4 -8 -4 -8
-8 -16 -8 -16
-12 -24 -12 -24
-16 -32 -16 -32
-20 -40 -20 -40
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
t [ms] t [ms]
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 31

8.5.3 High current impulses (preheating to 60 °C between the impulses)

st nd
sample 1 impulse 2 impulse
no. I Ures I Ures
[kA] [kV] [kA] [kV]
1 99,1 47,0 94,1 -
2 96,7 46,9 94,2 -
3 96,3 46,9 97,2 -

sample no. :1 1st impulse sample no. :1 2nd impulse

52 130 130
48 120 120
44 110 110
40 100 100
36 90 90
32 80 80
28 70 70
U [kV]

I [kA]

I [kA]

24 60 60
20 50 50
16 40 40
12 30 30
8 20 20
4 10 10
0 0 0
-4 -10 -10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
t [µs] t [µs]

nd
8.5.4 Leakage current at Uc = 9,09 kV and 60 °C before the 2 high current impulse

sample no.1: before the 2nd high current impulse

15 3

10 2

5 1
U [kV]

I [mA]

0 0

-5 -1

-10 -2

-15 -3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
t [ms]
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 32

8.5.5 Rated voltage 60 ms after the 2nd high current impulse Ur = 11,19 kV for 10 s

sample no.1: 10s Ur

18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
U [kV]

0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
t [ms]

8.5.6 Leakage current at Uc 5 s and 30 min after energy injection

sample no. 1: 5s after energy injection sample no. 1: 30 min after energy injection
14 7 14 7
12 6 12 6
10 5 10 5
8 4 8 4
6 3 6 3
4 2 4 2
2 1 2 1
U [kV]

U [kV]
I [mA]

I [mA]

0 0 0 0
-2 -1 -2 -1
-4 -2 -4 -2
-6 -3 -6 -3
-8 -4 -8 -4
-10 -5 -10 -5
-12 -6 -12 -6
-14 -7 -14 -7
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
t [ms] t [ms]
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 33

8.5.7 Thermal stability withstand test

Registration of power dissipation, temperature, voltage (û/Ö2) and resisitve current during 30 min Uc-
application

8.5.7.1 Result of sample no.1:

sample no. 1: registration of power dissipation and temperature

30 150

28 140

26 130
temperature
24 120

22 110

20 100

18 90

16 80

T [°C]
P [W]

14 power dissipation 70

12 60

10 50

8 40

6 30

4 20

2 10

0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
t [min]

sample no. 1: registration of voltage and resistive current

9.3 4

9.2 3.5
voltage

9.1 3

9 2.5
û/Ö2 [kV]

î [mA]

8.9 2

8.8 1.5

resistive current
8.7 1

8.6 0.5

8.5 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
t [min]
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 34

8.5.7.2 Result of sample no. 2:

sample no. 2: registration of power dissipation and temperature

30 150

28 140

26 130
temperature
24 120

22 110

20 100

18 90

16 80

T [°C]
P [W]

14 power dissipation 70

12 60

10 50

8 40

6 30

4 20

2 10

0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
t [min]

sample no. 2: registration of voltage and resistive current

9.3 4

voltage
9.2 3.5

9.1 3

9 2.5
û/Ö2 [kV]

î [mA]

8.9 2

8.8 1.5

resistive current
8.7 1

8.6 0.5

8.5 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
t [min]
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 35

8.5.7.3 Result of sample no. 3:

sample no. 3: registration of power dissipation and temperature

32 160

30

28 140
temperature
26

24 120

22

20 100

18

T [°C]
P [W]

16 80

14

12 60
power dissipation
10

8 40

4 20

0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
t [min]

sample no. 3: registration of voltage and resistive current

9.4 5

9.3 4.5
voltage
9.2 4

9.1 3.5

9 3
û/Ö2 [kV]

î [mA]

8.9 2.5

8.8 resistive current 2

8.7 1.5

8.6 1

8.5 0.5

8.4 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
t [min]
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 36

8.6 Technical Data of Test Circuit

8.6.1 Conditioning test

Test circuit : Discharge current kA 10

Surge capacitance µF 3,7
Inductance µH 23
Wave shape µs 8/20

U TG L BG Tr
c

CH
R TS
C T u
s i
1
CN

R
SH1

R
SH2 i
2

TG... Trigger spark gap BG... Blocking gap

TS... Test sample RT... Resistor 4 MW
Cs ... Surge capacitor Uc... Charge voltage
Tr... Transformer: 20 kV, 10 kVA L .. Inductance

Voltage measurement : u

Capacitive divider : CH= 256 pF, CN= 256 nF

Oscilloscope Tektronix type TDS 520 / PC-Laptop

Leakage current measurement : i2

Shunt RSH2= 1000 W

Oscilloscope Tektronix type TDS 520 / PC-Laptop

Impulse current measurement : i1

Shunt RSH1= 40,44 mW

Oscilloscope Tektronix type TDS 520 / PC-Laptop

Test sample : arrester section

Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 37

8.6.2 High current impulse operating duty test

Tr1
Tr2
i2
CB2
CB1

RSH2
CH

CN
RSH1
BG

TS
L

i1
RT
TG

Cs
Uc
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 38

Tr1... Transformer (PN = 7500 kVA) Cs.... Surge capacitor

Tr2... Transformer (PN = 12 kVA) L.... Inductance
TG... Trigger spark gap Uc... Charge voltage
CB .. Circuit breaker BG .. Blocking gap
RT .. Resistor 4 MW TS... Test sample

Power-frequency voltage measurement: u

Capacitive divider CH= 256 pF, CN= 256 nF
Oscilloscope Tektronix type TDS 520 / PC-Laptop

Leakage current measurement: i2

Shunt RSH2= 1000 W (Uc)
Oscilloscope Tektronix type TDS 520 / PC-Laptop

Power dissipation measurement:

Computer calculation from voltage and current

Temperature measurement
Takaoka, Fiber Thermometer 1110

High current impulse measurement: i1

Shunt RSH1= 3,1 mW
Oscilloscope Tektronix type TDS 320 / PC-Laptop

Test procedure:

1. High current impuls

2. CB1 closes within 60 ms after high current impulse
3. CB1 opens after a preselected time (10 s)
4. CB2 closes subsequent after opening of CB1
CB2 opens after 30 min

Test sample: arrester section

Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 39

9 Partial discharge test

The partial discharge test was performed on one complete arrester at 1,05 times the continuous operating
voltage, i.e. 37,8 kV. The sensitivity of the measuring system was 0,01 pC. The ground noise level was
about 0,4 pC. The measuring system was calibrated with a pulse generator with 2 pC (test circuit see sheet-
no. 40).

9.1 Test result

At the test voltage 37,8 kV the PD-rate was below the ground noise level of 0,4 pC.
Report-No.: HBA 08985 P Sheet-No.: 40

9.2 Technical Data of Test Circuit

Transformer : Rated voltage kV 300

Rated power kVA 40

TS C
CK = CH

Tr

CN
Z
m
M

Tr..... Transformer
TS.... Test sample
Z...... Filter

CK... Coupling capacitor CK= 1 nF

Zm... Measuring impedance
M..... Measuring instrument MWB Bamberg type TEM 77
C..... Calibration pulse generator Lemke Diagnostics , LDC 5

Voltage measurement: u

Capacitive divider : CH= 1 nF, CN= 3 µF

AC Peak Voltmeter Hipotronics
Oscilloscope Tektronix Type 2221

Test sample : Complete arrester type 3EK7 450-4CX4