1

c¥ ‰ Œ ê Æ © Û
2014c )‰

9Â¥Œ

˜!£‰e ¯K§Þ~`²½y²\ (Ø
R +∞
1.XJ 0 f (x)dxÂñ,UÄäó lim f (x) = 0º
x→+∞

) ‰ . w,ØU.'X
f (x) = (−1)[x ]
2

@o
+∞ ∞ √ √ 
Z X
f (x)dx = (−1)n n+1− n
0 n=0
∞
X (−1)n
= √ √
n=0
n+1+ n

âLeibniz O{Œ•þªÂñ, ´w,

lim f (x) 6= 0.
x→+∞

∞
a2n < +∞,UÄäó an Ú (−1)n an ¥– k˜‡Âñº
P P P
2.XJ
n=1

) ‰ . ØŒ±.~X
1 + (−1)n
an =
n

!OŽe 4• Š
1.   
2 1
lim x − x ln 1 + .
x→+∞ x
 2

)‰.
    
2 1 2 1 1 1
x − x ln 1 + =x−x − 2 +o
x x 2x x2
1
→ (x → +∞)
2

2.
x2
cos x − e− 2
lim
x→0 sin4 x
)‰.
   
2 x2 x4 4 x2 x4 4
cos x − e− x2 1− 2
+ 24
+ o(x ) − 1 − 2
+ 8
+ o(x )
lim = lim
x→0 sin4 x x→0 x4
1
=−
12

n!OŽe È©
1. Z 1 Z 1 
max{x, y}dy dx.
0 0

) ‰ . Ï•-È©
ZZ ZZ
max{x, y}dxdy = 2 xdxdy
[0,1]×[0,1] 0≤x≤1,0≤y≤x
2
=
3
¤±\gÈ© Z 1 Z 1 
2
max{x, y}dy dx = .
0 0 3
 3

2. Z 1
ln x
dx, α < 1.
0 xα
) ‰ . -t = − ln xk
Z 1 Z +∞
ln x
dx = − e(α−1)t tdt
0 xα 0
1
=− Γ(2)
(1 − α)2
1
=− .
(1 − α)2

o! ´š K ê
{an }´ ÷v
1
an+1 ≤ an + ,n ∈ N
n2
y ² {an }Â
Âñ .

) ‰ . Ï•
1 1
an+1 ≤ an +
−
n−1 n
1 1
⇒ an+1 + ≤ an +
n n−1
¤±ê {an + n−1
1
}üN4~…ke.0,¤±Âñ,?˜ÚŒ•{an }Âñ.

Ê! f 3 (0, +∞)þ
þk n ê,X Ú lim f 000 (x)Ñ
X J lim f (x)Ú Ñ• 3
x→+∞ x→+∞
… k • ,y
y²

lim f 0 (x) = lim f 00 (x) = lim f 000 (x) = 0.

x→+∞ x→+∞ x→+∞

) ‰ . k5y²˜‡Ún
 4

Ún. lim (af (x) + f 0 (x)(a > 0)•3,@o

x→+∞

lim f 0 (x) = 0.
x→+∞
ax f (x)
y² {é e eax
^L’Hospital{K=Œ1 .
25w N,Äk•Äg(x) = f (x) − f 0 (x) + f 00 (x)ÎÜÚn ^‡

g(x) + g 0 (x) = f (x) + f 000 (x)

mà4••3.¤±g 0 (x) → 0,Ïd

lim (f 0 (x) − f 00 (x)) = − lim f 000 (x)

x→+∞ x→+∞

?˜Ú
lim (f (x) + f 0 (x) − f 00 (x))
x→+∞

•3.5¿ Œ± ¤
0
f (x) + f 0 (x) − f 00 (x) = α [βf (x) − f 0 (x)] + [βf (x) − f 0 (x)]
√ √
Ù¥α = 5−1
2
,β = 5+1
2
,l

lim (βf 0 (x) − f 00 (x)) = 0

x→+∞

Ïd lim (f 0 (x) + f 00 (x))•3,¤±

x→+∞

lim f 00 (x) = 0
x→+∞

@of 0 (x) 4•••3,Ïd

lim (f (x) + f 0 (x))

x→+∞

•3,¤± lim f 0 (x) = 0,„Œ±

x→+∞

lim f 000 (x) = 0.

x→+∞

1
2 L’Hospital{K•‡©1ªuáҌ±^,ØI‡+©f
 5

8! y² • 3 ξ ∈ (a, b)¦
f, g ∈ C[a, b],y ¦
Z ξ Z b
g(ξ) f (x)dx = f (ξ) g(x)dx.
a ξ

)‰. - Z x Z b
F (x) = f (t)dt · g(t)dt
a x

@oF ∈ C 1 [a, b]…F (a) = F (b) = 0,dLagrange½n•3ξ ∈ (a, b)¦

Z ξ Z b
0
F (ξ) = 0 ⇒ g(ξ) f (x)dx = f (ξ) g(x)dx.
a ξ

Ô! y² :
lim an = a ∈ R,y
n→∞
∞
an x n ÂñŒ»R ≥ 1;
P
1.˜?ê
n=1
∞
an xn ,@o
P
2. f (x) =
n=1

lim (1 − x)f (x) = a;

x→1−

3. Z x
f (t)
lim− (1 − x) dt = a.
x→1 0 1−t
) ‰ . 1.Ï•
1
R= p
lim n |an |
n→∞

ea 6= 0,KR = 1;ea = 0,@o•3ε > 0±9N > 0¦ n > N žk

|an | < ε

¤±
1
R≥ √ =1
lim n ε
n→∞
 6

oƒR ≥ 1.
2.5¿
∞
X
(1 − x)f (x) = (an − an−1 )xn , (a0 = 0)
n=1

…þ¡ ˜?êÂñŒ»r ≥ 1,q

∞
X
(an − an−1 ) = lim an = a
n→∞
n=1

¤±ŠâAbel1 ½nk

lim (1 − x)f (x) = a.

x→1−

3.5¿
∞
f (x) X
= S n xn
1 − x n=1

Ù¥Sn = a1 + · · · + an ,…þ¡ ˜?êÂñŒ»R ≥ 1.¤±3Âñ•SŒ

±Å‘È© Z ∞
xX ∞
n
X Sn n+1
Sn t dt = x ,x < 1
0 n=1 n=1
n+1

25¿
Sn
lim =a
n→∞ n + 1

|^1˜K(ØBk
Z x
f (t)
lim− (1 − x) dt = a.
x→1 0 1−t

l! 3R2 þk ë Y
z = z(x, y)3 ê ,…
…÷ v • §

∂ 2z ∂ 2z ∂ 2z
14 + 5 − =0 (1)
∂x2 ∂x∂y ∂y 2
 7

Á(½λ Š¦ 3C†

ξ = x + λy, η = x − 2y, (λ 6= −2)

e•§ z{•
∂ 2z
=0
∂ξ∂η
¿ d d ¦ ч ©• § (1) ).

) ‰ . 3C†e
∂ 2z ∂ 2z ∂ 2z ∂ 2z
= + 2 +
∂x2 ∂ξ 2 ∂ξ∂η ∂η 2
∂ 2z ∂ 2z ∂ 2z ∂ 2z
= λ 2 + (λ − 2) −2 2
∂x∂y ∂ξ ∂ξ∂η ∂η
2 2 2 2
∂ z ∂ z ∂ z ∂ z
2
= λ2 2 − 4λ +4 2
∂y ∂ξ ∂ξ∂η ∂η
5 •§zŠ
∂ 2z ∂ 2z
(14 + 5λ − λ2 ) + (9λ + 18) = 0, (λ 6= −2)
∂ξ 2 ∂ξ∂η
2
Œ± ∂ z
λ = 7.Šâ ∂ξ∂η = 0•
Z
∂z
= f (ξ) ⇒ z = f (ξ)dξ = F (ξ) + G(η)
∂ξ
Ù¥F, GÑ´?¿Œ‡¼ê.ù (1) )Ò´

z = F (x + 7y) + G(x − 2y).

Ê!  
→
− 1 y x bx cxy
F = a − + , + 2,− 2
y z z y z
Ù ¥ a, b, c•
•~ ê ,¯
¯
→
−
1.a, b, c ÛŠž F •k³|?
→
−
2. F •k³|ž,¦Ñ³¼ê.
 8

) ‰ . 1.
→
− →
− → −
rot F = ∇ × F
 
i j k 
 

 
=  ∂ ∂ ∂  = 0
∂x ∂y ∂z 
y
a − y1 + x bx
− cxy
 
z z
+ y2 z 2 

⇒b=c=1

a•?¿~ê.
→
−
2. gradϕ = F ,@o
 
∂ϕ 1 y 1 y
=a− + ⇒ϕ= a− + x + f (y, z)
∂x y z y z

2d
∂ϕ x x ∂ϕ xy
= + 2, =− 2
∂y z y ∂z z
f (y, z) = C,l  
1 y
ϕ= a− + x + C.
y z

›! 3 R2 þ k ë Y
u(x, y)3 ê ,…
…ð Š,y
y ² u÷
÷v•
§
∂ 2u ∂u ∂u
u =
∂x∂y ∂x ∂y
¿ ‡ ^ ‡´ u(x, y) = f (x)g(y).

) ‰ . ¿©5w,.•y²7‡5,5¿
!
∂u
∂ 2u
 
∂ ∂x 1 ∂u ∂u
= 2 u − =0
∂y u u ∂x∂y ∂x ∂y

Ïd•3f (x)¦
∂u
∂x ∂ ln u
= f (x) ⇒ = f (x)
u ∂x
 9

¤± Z
ln u = f (x)dx = F (x) + G(y) ⇒ u = eF (x) eG(y) .