Trig and hyperbolic trig functions

Trigonometric functions and

hyperbolic trigonometric functions

The hyperbolic trigonometric functions are

ex − e−x cosh x
hyperbolic sine sinh x = hyperbolic cotangent coth x =
2 sinh x
ex + e−x 1
hyperbolic cosine cosh x = hyperbolic secant sech x =
2 cosh x
sinh x 1
hyperbolic tangent tanh x = hyperbolic cosecant cosech x =
cosh x sinh x

Note that

• cosec(x) is sometimes written as csc(x)

• cosech(x) is sometimes written as csch(x)
• sin−1 (x) is sometimes written as arcsin(x)
• sinh−1 (x) is sometimes written as arcsinh(x)
• sin−1 (x) does not mean 1
sin x .

Here are some of the commonly used trigonometric identities together with hyperbolic trigonometric
identities for comparison.

sin(x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y sinh(x + y) = sinh x cosh y + cosh x sinh y
cos(x + y) = cos x cos y − sin x sin y cosh(x + y) = cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y
tan x+tan y tanh x+tanh y
tan(x + y) = 1−tan x tan y tanh(x + y) = 1+tanh x tanh y
sin(x − y) = sin x cos y − cos x sin y sinh(x − y) = sinh x cosh y − cosh x sinh y
cos(x − y) = cos x cos y + sin x sin y cosh(x − y) = cosh x cosh y − sinh x sinh y

sin(−x) = − sin x sinh(−x) = − sinh x

cos(−x) = cos x cosh(−x) = cosh x
tan(−x) = − tan x tanh(−x) = − tanh x

cos2 x + sin2 x = 1 cosh2 x − sinh2 x = 1

1 + tan2 x = sec2 x 1 − tanh2 x = sech2 x
cot2 x + 1 = cosec2 x coth2 x − 1 = cosech2 x

PREPARED BY MATHEMATICS EDUCATION SUPPORT HUB (MESH) WESTERNSYDNEY.EDU.AU/MESH

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 Trig and hyperbolic trig functions

d d
dx sin(x) = cos(x) dx sinh x = cosh x
d d
dx cos(x) = − sin(x) dx cosh x = sinh x
d
dx tan(x) = sec2 (x) d
dx tanh x = sech2 x
d
dx cot(x) = − cosec2 (x) d
dx coth x = − cosech2 x (x 6= 0)
d d
dx sec(x) = sec(x) tan(x) dx sech x = − tanh x sech x
d d
dx cosec(x) = − cot(x) cosec(x) dx cosech x = − coth x cosech x (x 6= 0)
d
dx
−1
sin (x) = √1−x 1
2
d
dx sinh−1 x = √ 1
x2 +1
d
dx
−1
cos−1 (x) = √1−x 2
d
dx cosh−1 x = √x12 −1 (1 < x)
d
dx
−1
tan (x) = 1+x2 1 d
dx tanh−1 x = 1−x
1
2 (|x| < 1)
−1 −1
d
dx cot−1 (x) = 1+x 2
d
dx
1
coth x = 1−x2 (1 < |x|)
d
dx sec−1 (x) = |x|√1x2 −1 d
dx sech−1 x = − x√1−x
1
2
(0 < x < 1)
d
dx cosec−1 (x) = |x|√−1 x2 −1
d
dx cosech−1 x = − |x|√11+x2 (x 6= 0)

PREPARED BY MATHEMATICS EDUCATION SUPPORT HUB (MESH) WESTERNSYDNEY.EDU.AU/MESH

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