Scribd
Upload
35 views18 pages

Dokumen - Tips Embedded Systems Lecture 3 Operating Systems For Embedded Systems

The document discusses the role of operating systems for embedded platforms, with a focus on Linux. It describes how the Linux kernel performs important functions like user management, process management, memory management, file system management, power management, I/O and interrupt handling, timers, and networking. The kernel enables multi-tasking and protects processes while providing an abstraction of the underlying hardware.

Uploaded by

Sherif Hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views18 pages

Dokumen - Tips Embedded Systems Lecture 3 Operating Systems For Embedded Systems

The document discusses the role of operating systems for embedded platforms, with a focus on Linux. It describes how the Linux kernel performs important functions like user management, process management, memory management, file system management, power management, I/O and interrupt handling, timers, and networking. The kernel enables multi-tasking and protects processes while providing an abstraction of the underlying hardware.

Uploaded by

Sherif Hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Linux For Embedded Systems

For Arabs

Cairo University
Computer Eng. Dept.
CMP445-Embedded Systems
Ahmed ElArabawy
Lecture 3:
OSs for Embedded Platforms
Operating Systems …..
Operating Systems …..

• What the end user sees is just the Operating System frond end
user interface (Desktop)
• Behind the scene there is the KERNEL
• The Kernel runs a lot of functionality in the background and
performs a lot of tasks for the user and the developer, and
abstracts a lot of HW details
Embedded System Structure

Utilities Application

C Library

Operating System
(Linux Kernel)
Initialization
Device drivers
(bootloader)

Hardware device (processor, memory, storage, peripherals)


FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM
User Management

• The kernel supports multiple users using it


• Each user has his own resources and privileges
• There is the super-user (root/admin) that have full control on the
system
• User privileges decides his rights on his owned resources and other
users resources
• The kernel manages user privileges and protects each user resources
from unauthorized access by other users
• The kernel manages also the system environment for each user
Process Management

• The kernel enables the system to run multiple applications


(processes) at the same time
• Each Application thinks that it owns the whole system
• Each process may even have multiple threads that run
simultaneously
• The kernel has a SCHEDULER that provides time slots to each
process/thread in a pre-determined order to enable multi-tasking
• The order of time slot assignment and the time slot size is based on
the SCHEDULING ALGORITHM
Process Management
Process Scheduling Algorithm

• There are multiple scheduling techniques:


• Round robin
• Priority Based
• Processes may block on events such as hardware job
completion, other process will take the processor cycles
Process Management
Preemption

• The scheduler can be:


• Pre-emptive
• A higher priority task can interrupt the low priority task before it
completes its job
• Non-preemptive
• Once a process takes control, it has to finish its job before it releases
control
Memory Management

• When the processor is running multiple processes, each process will


need to have its own memory
• The kernel works with the Processor to provide two functionalities:
• Memory Protection (MPU)
• Protects each process memory from being corrupted by the other
processes
• Memory Management (MMU)
• Each process will think that it owns all the system memory
File-System Management

• The kernel performs jobs related to handling of storage


devices
• It gives the applications the feel of files and directories and
hide the hardware details behind all of that
Power Management

• The kernel handles power related functionality such as:


• Managing sleep modes of the processor
• Adjusting the processor clock rate based on its load
I/O and Interrupt Handling

• Processor is connected to several I/O devices


• Those devices may use Interrupts to get the processor/kernel
attention
• Kernel handles the interrupts received from Input/Output devices
Timers and Time Related Tasks

• The Processor is interrupted per time tick


• Kernel uses this interrupt to keep track of time
• Tick duration defines the time resolution for the kernel/system
• Kernel is responsible to keep track of time:
• Handle timers
• Handle time of day clock
• Handle deferred jobs
Networking and Communication

• The kernel is responsible to enable communication via:


• Wired / wireless networking
• USB/SDIO/Serial/…
• Other communication means
Summary
http://Linux4EmbeddedSystems.com

You might also like