Basic arithmetic

• Whole numbers
• Factors and multiples
• Divisibility rules
• Fractions
• Decimals
• Percentages
59. A container contains 23 bottles and
each bottle contains 20 marbles. How
many marbles are there in 10 bottles?
A. 460
B. 400
C. 100
D. 200
60. It takes John 25 minutes to walk to
the car park and 45 to drive to work. At
what time should he get out of the
house to get to work at 9:00 a.m.?
A. 7:50 am
B. 8:00 am
C. 8:10 am
D. 8:20 am
36. Simplify: (2/3 + 5/6)/ (4/5 - 1/3)
A. 14/15
B. 13/45 45/14
C. 13/45
D. 45/13
 Ratio and proportion

• Ratio is a comparison of quantities

• Proportion are equal ratios
54. A water tank contains 18 liters when it
is 20% full. How many liters does it contain
when 50% full?
A. 60
B. 30
C. 58
D. 45
 Partitive proportion
• Partitive proportion – describes the process by
virtue of which a quantity is divided into two or
more equal or unequal parts; when dividing a
number into a known number of groups.
4. The measures of the angles of a triangle
are in a ratio of 2:3:4. Find the measure of
the middle angle.
A. 30°
B. 50°
C. 60°
D. 80°
 Algebraic expressions
• composed of constants, variables, grouping
symbols, and operation symbols.
• Polynomials – a finite sum of terms, with only non-
negative integer exponents are permitted on the
variable.
• Term of a Polynomial – is a single number or
product of a number and one or more variables
raised to whole number exponents.
 Algebraic expressions
• Degree of a Polynomial – the highest exponent of
the variable in the polynomial. The degree of a
monomial having different variables is the sum of
the exponents of the monomial.
• Like Terms – two or more terms that have the same
literal coefficient/s.
• Kinds of Polynomials – Monomial, Binomial,
Trinomial, and Multinomial.
18. What is the degree of the following
2 3
polynomial: 6𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 9
A. 2
B. 3
C. 6
D. 9
20. What is the exponent in the expression
2
13x + y?
A. 2
B. y
C. x
D. 13
 Algebraic expressions
• Evaluating Algebraic Expression – obtaining or computing
the value of the expression where value/s of the variable/s
is/are assigned.
• Operations on Algebraic Expressions.
-Addition
-Subtraction
-Multiplication (monomial by monomial), (monomial by
polynomial), (polynomial by polynomial)
-Division (monomial by monomial), polynomial by
polynomial
 Algebraic expressions
To simply algebraic expressions,
• Expand any grouping symbols

• Multiply or divide any terms and use the laws of

indices if necessary
• Collect like terms by adding or subtracting and

finally rewrite the expression.

15. Simplify: 3(x – 4y) – (4y – 3x) – (2x + y)
A. 4x + 17y
B. -10x + 17y
C. 4x-17y
D. -10x-17y
30. Simplify the following expression:
(4𝑥 + 9𝑦 − 10𝑧) − (3𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 11𝑧)
A. 7𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧
B. 𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 21𝑧
C. 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧
D. 7𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 21𝑧
32. 2 3
Simplify:(a -1)/(a +1) ÷ 2 2
a /(a -
a+1)
A. (a+1)/a 2
2
B. 2/(a+1) a-1/a
C. (x-3)/3
2
D. (a -1)/a 2
Mathematical expressions
Mathematical expressions
12. How do you express “six less than
thrice a number n is 17” in a mathematical
expression?
A. 6 < 3n = 17 C. 3n < 6 = 17
B. 6 – 3n = 17 D. 3n − 6 = 17
21. Carol is buying an ice cream. The ice
cream costs 30 pesos plus 15 pesos charge
for each additional scoop. Which
expression correctly models the amount
Carol will pay (y) if she has an additional x
scoop?
A. y = 30x + 15 C. y = 15x + 30
B. x = 30y + 15 D. x = 15x + 30
Laws of Exponents
a. Product Law
𝑚 𝑛 𝑚+𝑛
𝑎 ∙𝑎 =𝑎
b. Power of a Power Law
𝑎𝑚 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛
c. Power of a Product Law
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏
Laws of Exponents
d. Quotient Law
𝑎𝑚
= 𝑎𝑚−𝑛
𝑎𝑛
e. Power of a Quotient Law
𝑎 𝑚 𝑎𝑚
=
𝑏 𝑏𝑚
Special Products and Factoring
a. Difference of Two Squares
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎 − 𝑏

b. Square of a Binomial
2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2

𝑎 − 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
Special Products and Factoring
c. Sum of Two Cubes
3 3 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏

d. Difference of Two Cubes

𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
Factoring
e. Common Factoring
-Get the GCF and divide the polynomial by it.
-Write as factors (the GCF and the quotient)
f. Factoring the quadratic trinomial
2
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, 𝑎 = 1
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, 𝑎 > 1
Factoring
g. Factoring by grouping
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 6𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 6

h. Factoring by Completing the Square

4
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 64
35. Find the greatest common factor of:
2 2 2 2 2 3
9x y z , 15x y z , 12x y2 4

A. 3x2 y2 z3
2
B. 3x y 2

C. 3x2 z4
2 2
D. 3x y z 2
Rational Expressions
- a quotient of algebraic expressions
a. Relations of Rational Expressions
1. Equivalent Rational Expressions
𝑎 𝑐
= 𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐.
𝑏 𝑑
Rational Expressions
a. Relations of Rational Expressions
2. Similar Rational Expressions
-same denominators
3. Dissimilar Rational Expressions
-different denominators
 Simplifying rational algebraic expressions
• Factor completely the numerator and the
denominator separately.
• Look for factors that are common to the
numerator and denominator. And always
remember that we can only cancel factors, not
terms!
• Cancel all the common factor(s).
Rational Expressions
Reduction of Rational Expression to Simplest Form
35𝑎4 𝑏 2
1.
−42𝑎3 𝑏 3
3 2
𝑥 + 𝑥 − 6𝑥
2. 3
𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
3𝑥 − 2
3.
3𝑥 𝑥 − 1 − 2(𝑥 − 1)
 3𝑥−9
13.Simplify
𝑥 2 −9
A. 3/(x-3)
B. 3/(x+3)
C. 3/(x+1)
D. 3/(x-1)
Rational Expressions
Operations on Rational Expressions
1. Multiplication and Division of Rational Expressions
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑐
∙ =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏𝑑
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑑 𝑎𝑑
÷ = ∙ =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏𝑐
Rational Expressions
c. Operations on Rational Expressions
2. Addition and Subtraction of Rational Expressions
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎±𝑐
Similar ± =
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑

𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑑±𝑏𝑐
Dissimilar ± =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏𝑑
Rational Expressions
d. Simplification of Complex Rational expression

2
𝑥
𝑦−
𝑦
𝑦2
−𝑥
𝑥
Radical Expressions and Negative Exponents
Product Rule for Radicals
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏

Quotient Rule for Radicals

𝑛
𝑛 𝑎 𝑎
=𝑛
𝑏 𝑏
V. Radical Expressions and Negative Exponents
Rationalizing the Denominator.
3
24𝑥 2 𝑦 4
a. 3
4𝑥𝑦

2
b.
1+ 3
Radical Expressions and Negative Exponents
Simplifying Expressions with Negative Exponents

9𝑥 −2 − 4𝑦 −4
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦
3𝑥 −1 + 2𝑦 −2
 Sets
• A set is defined as a collection of distinct, well-
defined objects forming a group. Each member of
the set is an element.
• The easiest way to solve problems on sets is
by drawing Venn diagrams
 Sets
• Georg Cantor – father of set theory;
German mathematician who founded
set theory and introduced the
mathematically meaningful concept
of transfinite numbers, indefinitely
large but distinct from one another.
 Sets
• Venn diagrams are named after
John Venn, English
mathematician, logician and
philosopher noted for introducing
Venn diagrams, which are used in
logic, set theory, probability,
statistics, and computer science.
5. In a group of 50 male students, 18 play
basketball, 26 play volleyball, and 2 play
both basketball and volleyball. How many
of these students do not play either
basketball or volleyball?
A. 10 C. 8
B. 12 D. 5
 Slope
• The slope of a line is a measure of its steepness.
• Slope is calculated as "rise over run" (change in y
divided by change in x)
• y = mx + b, m is the slope
 Slope
• Steps to find the equation of a line from two points:
1. Find the slope using the slope formula
2. Use the slope and one of the points to solve for the y-intercept (b).
One of your points can replace the x and y, and the slope you just
calculated replaces the m of your equation y = mx + b. Then b is the
only variable left. Use the tools you know for solving for a variable to
solve for b.
3. Once you know the value for m and the value for b, you can plug these
into the slope-intercept form of a line (y = mx + b) to get the equation for
the line.
6. What is the slope of the following
equation: 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 7 = 0
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
9. What is the slope given the points (3, -5)
and (-2, 4)?
A. 5/9
B. – 5/9
C. – 9/5
D. 9/-5
17. Find the general equation of the line
which passes through the points (2, -1) and
(-3, 5).
A. 6x + 6y – 5 = 0
B. 6x + 5y − 7 = 0
C. 5x – 6y – 7 = 0
D. 6x + 7y − 5 = 0
 Solving equations
• Equation is a mathematical statement that shows
that two mathematical expressions are equal.
• Addition property of equality – if a value is added to
two equal quantities, then the sums are also equal
• Multiplication property of equality - if a value is
multiplied to two equal quantities, then the
products are also equal
8. What should be the value of x in the
equation -2x+10=16?
A. 3
B. – 3
C. – 6
D. 6
 𝑥 5
34. Solve for x: =
𝑥+8 15
A. 6
B. 5
C. 4
D. 3
28. Solve for x: 6𝑥 + 3 = 2𝑥 + 11
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
25. What number must be subtracted from
both the numerator and denominator of
the fraction 11/23 to give a fraction whose
value is 2/5?
A. 3 C. 5
B. 4 D. 2
16. A water tank is 2/3 full. After drawing
out 15 liters of water from it, it became
one half full, what is the full capacity of the
tank in liters?
A. 110 liters C. 75 liters
B. 90 liters D. 60 liters
58. A number is divided by 5. The result
was subtracted by 154 and the difference
is 6. What is the number?
A. 800
B. 160
C. 200
D. 400
55. One store sold twice more apples in
the afternoon that in the morning. The
store sold 450 pieces of apples. How many
apples are sold in the morning?
A. 150
B. 300
C. 200
D. 350
56. Joey gathered twice more marbles
than Vic and Tito gathered 2 more marbles
than Vic. They gathered 26 marbles. How
many marbles did Vic gather?
A. 6 C. 8
B. 12 D. 14
57. A child has read 2/3 of a book. The
read part of the book has 100 pages more
than the unread. How many pages is the
book?
A. 300 C. 500
B. 200 D. 150
 Word problems
• Number problems
• Age problems
• Distance/Motion problems
• Investment problems
• Coin/money problems
• Mixture problems
• Work problems
 Age problems
• If the age of a person is ‘x’, then ‘n’ years after
today, the age = x + n. Similarly, n years in the past,
the age of this would have been x – n years.
14. Kyle’s father is twice as old as Kyle. In
20 years, Kyle will be two-thirds as old as
his father. How old is Kyle now?
A. 30 years old
B. 25 years old
C. 20 years old
D. 15 years old
23. Elsa is three times as old as Anna. Six
years from now, Elsa will be twice as old as
Anna. How old is Elsa now?
A. 6
B. 8
C. 18
D. 24
 Distance/motion problems
• Distance = rate x time
• Uniform motion problems are of three types:

- Going toward each other. The distance travelled by A

plus the distance travelled by B equals total distance
between their starting points.
- Going in opposite directions. The distance travelled by
A plus distance travelled by B equals the distance apart.
- Overtaking. The distance travelled by A equals distance
travelled by B.
 Distance/motion problems
• Two airplanes travel from points 945 km apart,
going toward each other. Their speeds differ by 15
kph. How fast does each plane fly if they meet in 3
hours?
 Coin/money problems
• For a school benefit activity, 3470 tickets were sold
for a total of P12500. Blue tickets were sold for
P2.50 while pink tickets were sold for P5 each. How
many of each kind were sold?
 Mixture problems
• A contractor mixed 2 batches of concrete that were
9% and 11% cement to obtain 4500 lbs of concrete
that is 10% cement. How many pounds of each type
of concrete were used?
 Work problems
• Mang Andoy can plow his field in 5 hours while his
neighbour Mang Ben can do the same in 4 hours.
How many hours will be required if both men work
together on the job?
27. A tank can be filled by two pipes in 4
hours and 6 hours, respectively. It can be
emptied by the 3rd pipe in 5 hours. In what
time can an empty tank be filled if the
three pipes are open?
A. 3.87 hrs C. 4.12 hrs
B. 3.92 hrs D. 4.62 hrs
 Functions
• Functions – an expression, rule, or law that defines
a relationship between one variable (the
independent variable) and another variable (the
dependent variable)
• Functions can be expressed as a tables, graphs,
mapping diagram, equation
 Functions
• Domain and range of functions
• Evaluating functions – finding the value of f(x) =… or
y =… that corresponds to a given value of x
• Operations on functions
10. What is the value of the function of
2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4 if 𝑥 =− 5?
A. – 6
B. 14
C. – 5
D. 44
31. What is the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) =√(x-2)?)
A. R= {2}
B. 𝑥≥2
C. 𝑥 < 2
D. Set of all real numbers
 Solving quadratic equations
• Quadratic equations are second-degree algebraic
expressions and are of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0. The
term "quadratic" comes from the Latin word
"quadratus" meaning square, which refers to the
fact that the variable x is squared in the equation.
• Quadratic equations can be solved by factoring,
completing squares or through the quadratic
formula
11.The solution set for the equation:
2
x - 4x - 5 = 0
A. x = 5, 9
B. x = -5, 1
C. x = 5, 1
D. x = 5, -1
 Analytic geometry
• Midpoint of a line – is a point that lies exactly
halfway between two points.
• To calculate it: Add both "x" coordinates, divide
by 2; Add both "y" coordinates, divide by 2
•
22. What is the midpoint of the line
segment joining the points (3,7) and (-2,5)?
A. (-1/2, 6)
B. (1/2, 6)
C. (1/2, 2)
D. (1/2, -6)
24.Find the midpoint of the line segment
that has endpoints (2,1) and (-4,5).
A. (-1, -3)
B. (-1, 3)
C. (1, -3)
D. (1, 3)
26. Determine the midpoint of the line
segment joining the points (5,-3) and (-1,6).
A. (2,3/2)
B. (2,-3/2)
C. (3,3/2)
D. (1,5/2)
 Business mathematics
• Interest
• I=PxRxT
• Discount
• Discount = B x R
 Measures of central tendency
• Mean or average – obtained by
simply dividing the sum of all values in a data
set by the number of values.
• Median – middlemost value
• Mode – most frequently occurring value
7. The boy received his report card with
the following grades: 93, 88, 80, 86, and
83. What is his average grade?
A. 86.20 C. 88
B. 87 D. 86
29. A class is composed of 12 girls and 18
boys. In a quiz, the average score of the
girls was 89 while the boys were 84. Find
the average score of the whole class.
A. 86 C. 87.5
B. 86.5 D. 88
43. What is the mode of the set of scores
26, 40, 39, 49, 57, 28, 40, 57, 40, and 49?
A. 49
B. 57
C. 40
D. 26
44. What measure of central tendency can
best describe the size of t-shirts commonly
used by teenagers?
A. Mode
B. Range
C. Median
D. Mean
45. What measure of central tendency is
the most frequently occurring score in a
distribution?
A. Median
B. Mode
C. Mean
D. Average
46.The following table summarizes the scores of a class on the recent test in
Filipino.
SCORE FREQUENCY
16-23 2
24-31 4
32-39 6
40-47 12
48-55 10
56-63 8
64-71 6
72-79 4

The median score interval is ______.

A. 64 – 69 C. 48 – 55
B. 40 – 47 D. 56 – 63
 Fundamental counting principle
• If an event can occur in m different ways, and
another event can occur in n different ways, then
the total number of occurrences of the events
is m × n.
 Permutation and Combination
• Permutation describes the number of ways things
can be ordered or arranged. With permutations,
the order of the arrangement matters.
• Combination is a way of selecting items from a
collection where the order of selection does not
matter.
47. The school canteen offers 4 different
viands, 1 plain rice, 2 types of desserts,
and 3 types of drinks. If a student wishes
to eat, in how many ways can he/she
choose?
A. 10 C. 12
B. 4 D. 24
48. In how ways can 5 girls be seated in a
row of 5 seats?
A. 120
B. 550
C. 250
D. 25
49. In how many ways can 7 people be
seated around a circular table?
A. 720
B. 5040
C. 49
D. 14
50. In a room of eight people, how many
handshakes will be made if every person
shakes hands with everyone else exactly
once?
A. 15 C. 25
28
B. 18 D. 30
51. Find the number of ways of
selecting 4 books from 6 books on a
shelf.
A. 15 C. 18
B. 25 D. 30
 Measurement
• Conversions
• The mnemonic “King Henry Died Drinking Chocolate
Milk” gives a funny, memorable way to keep the
prefixes straight. The lines explain the prefixes: kilo,
hecto, deca, deci, centi, and milli.
•
40.How many centimeters are there in a
kilometer?
A. 100, 000
B. 1, 000, 000
C. 10, 000
D. 1, 000
 Angles and Angle Pairs
• Acute • Adjacent angles
• Right • Linear pair
• Obtuse • Vertical angles
• Straight • Complementary angles
• Reflex • Supplementary angles
33. If the measure of an angle is twice the
measure of its complement, what is the
measure of the angle?
A. 90 degrees
B. 120 degrees
C. 60 degrees
D. 30 degrees
 Polygons
3 sides – triangle 8 sides – octagon
4 sides – quadrilateral 9 sides – nonagon
5 sides – pentagon 10 sides – decagon
6 sides – hexagon 11 sides – undecagon
7 sides – heptagon 12 sides - duodecagon
Triangles
37. An isosceles triangle has a base of 5
meters and a perimeter of 25 meters. Find
the length of the equal sides.
A. 30 m
B. 50 m
C. 20 m
D. 10 m
52. The vertex angle of an isosceles
triangle is 20°. What is the measure of one
of the base angles?
A. 150°
B. 60°
C. 75°
D. 80°
 Pythagorean theorem
• Pythagoras – was credited with many
mathematical and scientific
discoveries, including the
Pythagorean theorem and the five
regular solids (cube,
pyramid, octahedron, dodecahedron,
and icosahedron).
 Pythagorean theorem
• Relation between the
sides of a triangle
• In a triangle, the square
of the hypotenuse is
equal to the sum of the
squares of the two other
sides.
41. Which is the length of the hypotenuse
of a right triangle with legs 5 inches and 12
inches?
A. 18 in
B. 21 in
C. 17 in
D. 13 in
42. Which of the following is NOT the sides
of a right triangle?
A. 20, 21, 29
B. 5, 12, 13
C. 7, 8, 12
D. 3, 4, 5
Quadrilaterals
 Perimeter vs Area
• Perimeter – distance
around the shape
• Area – amount of space
inside a shape
2. The fence in the yard is square in shape.
One side is 11 meters. How many meters
of wood are needed to enclose the fence?
A. 22
B. 33
C. 44
D. 55
1. If the length of a rectangle is 15 cm and
its width is 10 cm, what is its perimeter?
A. 25
B. 50
C. 60
D. 85
3. Which of the following has the largest
perimeter?
A. Square with side 22cm
B. Circular pizza with radius 13 cm
C. Rectangle with sides are 22 and 23 cm
D. Equiangular triangle with a 24cm side
38. The area of the rectangular garden is 40
square meters. The length of the garden is
3 meters more than its width. Find the
dimension of the rectangular garden.
A. 8m by 5m
B. 7m by 4m
C. 6m by 3m
D. 10m by 4m
Volume
Volume
39. Mark’s aquarium has length, width and
height of 10cm, 8cm and 6cm,
respectively. The volume of the aquarium
is ________.
A. 144 cu cm C. 420 cu cm
B. 480 cu cm D. 240 cu cm
 Sequences
• Pattern – defined as a sequence of repeating
objects, shapes or numbers.
• Sequences – ordered lists of numbers (called
"terms"), like 2,5,8. Some sequences follow a
specific pattern that can be used to extend them
indefinitely
 Sequences
• Arithmetic sequences
• Geometric sequence
• Harmonic sequence
• Fibonacci sequence
 Arithmetic sequence
• Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss is often
described as the “Prince of
Mathematicians” and hailed for his
contributions to number theory,
geometry, probability theory and
astronomy; father of arithmetic
progression
53. How much greater is the sum of the
first 50 counting numbers greater than the
sum of the first 100 counting numbers?
A. 110
B. 3775
C. 3155
D. 1200
THANK YOU!