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CERAMIC TILES WASTE AS AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE PRODUCTION

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CEDTECH International Journal of Environmental Science & Biotechnology
Volume 2, Number 3, September 2021
http://www.cedtechjournals.org
ISSN: 2756-4541

CERAMIC TILES WASTE AS AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE

PRODUCTION
1
Gana A.J., 2Oyedele O. Tope, 3Braimoh S.O. & 4Amodu. M.F
1,2,3
Civil Engineering Department
4
Agric and Biosystemengineering Department
College of Engineering
Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State
Email: [email protected], [email protected] or
[email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT
In construction industry,the use of course aggregate and consumption of
ceramic materials is increasing every day. While a reasonable quantity of
ceramic tiles material ends up as waste the use of these waste in the
production of concrete can be an efficient measure in disposing of these
waste and in keeping the environment clean and improving the properties
of concrete. Compressive strength test was carried out on the cubes
produced with ceramic tiles waste of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% 40% and 50%
with natural coarse aggregate. After analyzing all the results, obtained, the
highest compressive strength value was obtained at 5%. This shows that
5% replacement of ceramic tiles for all the replacement and all the curing
days has the highest compressive strength value(12.07, 21.78 and 20.71) .
after 20% ceramic waste tile, the compressive strength starts decreasing as
compared to control sample of 14 curing days.

Keywords:-Ceramic Tiles Waste, Replacement, Course Aggregate,

Concrete Production.

INTRODUCTION
Senthameriai and Devadas (2005) estimated that almost 30% of tiles
produced daily in ceramics industries are considered as waste product
presently this waste has not been recycled in any form as a result of
ceramic industries under a great pressure to come up with a solution as to
how to discard ceramic waste. Urgently, there is a need to produce
concrete with non-conventional aggregates materials because conventional
aggregates that are usually available are being exhausted fast especially in
some desolated area of the world (sentha material and manoharam 2005).
In construction industry, the necessary material required for the
production of concrete are aggregates and cement, which had led to the

Gana A.J. et al., | 11

 Ceramic Tiles Waste as Aggregate in Concrete Production

uninterrupted increment in the demand of natural materials used for the

production of concrete.One of the most important construction material
used in virtually tile. The production of ceramic tiles usually begins with
raw material, grinding, mixing, granulating by spray drying, pressing, firing
or polishing and glazing.
(wattanasiri wech et ad 2009)

According to Nigeria Environmental society (NSE), over 60 million tones

of wastes are generated annually in Nigeria, and one of the most
challenging issues of this ere is how to manage the waste (Rawaid khanate
al (2012). Annually around the globe, millions of waste materials are
available and usually disposed. In controlling of pollution problems,
recycling of this waste into a sustainable construction material seems like a
feasible solution.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Materials:- the materials used in this study are the following ceramic tiles
waste, cement, sand, granite, water, and fine aggregate. The ceramic waste
tiles was gotten from physical planning development (PPD) of landmark
university omu-aran Kwara state. The ceramic wastes were manually
broken by using hammer. The cement used is the dangote (crushed
ceramic tiles ) was used as partial replacement for the production of the
samples.

METHODS:-The ceramic tiles aggregate was produced manually in the

laboratory by crushing the ceramic tiles into smaller particles sizes by
using heavy hammer. The production of concrete cubes was done by
concrete cubes was done by placing the concrete inside the mould up to
the layer of depth 50mm and compacted. The cubes were later cured for
7, 14, and 28 days respectively, and compressive strength test was
conducted on the cubes, and the results tabulated.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Compressive Strength Test
Compressive strength test was carried out on the concrete cubes of size
150mmx150mmx150mm with partial replacement of ceramic tiles waste
of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. After these samples have being cured for 7
days, 14 days and 28 days respectively with the mix ratio of 1:1.5:3. The
result obtained after crushing the cubes is in table 4.1 with the respective
curing days.

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 CEDTECH International Journal of Environmental Science & Biotechnology
Volume 2, Number 3, September 2021
http://www.cedtechjournals.org

Table1: Compressive Strength of concrete cubes

Replacement of
Ceramic tiles
Fcu(N/mm) for Fcu(N/mm) for Fcu(N/mm) for
waste (%) 7days curing 14days curing 28days curing
0% 6.44 15.11 12.62
5% 12.07 21.84 20.71
10% 11.67 15.24 16.56
20% 9.98 14.53 15.18
30% 7.24 14.02 11.69
40% 4.84 13.60 9.47
50% 4.09 10.24 9.11

Table missing

The illustration on the graph shows that 5% placement of ceramic tiles

has the highest compressive strength value (i.e. 12.07) and 50% has the
lowest value which is 4.09. The chart in Fig 4.1 above shows that the
compressive strength value of cubes with 5, 10, 20 and 30% replacement
of ceramic tiles (12.07, 11.67, 9.98 and 7.24 respectively) is higher than
that of the control sample value (6.44) while the value of 40 and 50%
(4.84 and 4.09 respectively) is lower than that of the control sample.
Therefore, from the results obtained from the 7 days curing, 5, 10, 20
and 30% replacement of ceramic tiles waste are suitable for use in the
production of concrete because they have higher value of compressive
strength compare to the control sample while the ones with the low value
to the control sample value are not really suitable for use as there
compressive strength value is below the value of the control sample.

Table missing

Gana A.J. et al., | 13

 Ceramic Tiles Waste as Aggregate in Concrete Production

Fig 4.2 above shows the chart of 14days curing of cubes and in this 5%
replacement still has the highest value of compressive strength value
(21.84) just like the previous chart (Fig 4.1). comparing the values
obtained from the replacement of coarse aggregate with the control
sample for 14 days curing we can see that only 5% and 10% has the value
higher than the control sample (i.e. 21.84 and 15.24 is greater than 15.11)
while 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% has compressive strength value below the
control sample.

Table missing

Figure 4.3: Chart of % of ceramics waste tiles against Fcu for 28days
curing.

For 28 curing day the sample with the highest compressive strength still
remains 5% (20.71) just like that of 7 and 14days in chart fig 4.1 and 4.2
above. While 10 and 20% also has values above the value of the control
sample (16.56 and 15.18 is greater than 12.62) but for 30%, 40% and 50%
their compressive strength value is below the value of that of the control
sample (i.e. 11.69, 9.47, 9.11 are less than 12.62)

Table missing

Figure 4.4 shows a typical illustrates of all the replacement ranging from 5,
10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%, the control sample result and also all the curing
days 7, 14 and 28days respectively. From the chart above all the
replacement are greater than the control sample for each replacement
and curing days. The 5% of 14 days (21.78), followed by the 5% of

Gana A.J. et al., | 14

 CEDTECH International Journal of Environmental Science & Biotechnology
Volume 2, Number 3, September 2021
http://www.cedtechjournals.org

28days. This shows that 5% replacement of ceramic tiles for all the
replacement and all the curing days has the highest compressive strength
value (12.07, 21.78 and 20.71). After 20% coarse ceramic waste tile
aggregate the compressive strength starts decreasing as compared to
control sample in 14 curing days, from the 30% replacement ceramic
waste tile aggregate the compressive strength starts decreasing as
compared to control sample of concrete for 7days and 28 days. However,
there is decrease in compressive strength of the samples with replacement
of ceramic waste tiles aggregate beyond 30%, 40% and50% as the use of
ceramic waste tiles aggregate increases in the production of concrete,
there is decrease of compressive strength. From the results obtained in
this research work it shows that only 5% and 10% of ceramic tiles wastes
can be conveniently replaced with coarse aggregate in concreting to
produce strong and safe concrete.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSION
The study has determined the effect of using ceramic tiles waste as a
partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete production. The
results shows that 5%, 10% and 20% was suitable for use in 7 days and
28days curing, while just 5% and 10% was suitable for use in 14 days
curing. Therefore, the results obtained shows that only 5% and 10% of
ceramic tiles can be conveniently replaced with coarse aggregate in
concreting to produce strong and safe concrete.

RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that diverse research be carried out on ceramic tile
wastes. This will help to discover other usefulness of these wastes and
how important it can be to construction industry and the society as a
whole.

Gana A.J. et al., | 15

 Ceramic Tiles Waste as Aggregate in Concrete Production

APPENDIX: TESTRESULTS FOR MECHANICALPROPERTIES

OF CERAMIC TILES
WASTE
Replacemen Sample A
t of ceramic (kN)
tiles waste
(%)
Sample B Fcu A Fcu B Average Fcu
(kN) (N/mm) (N/mm) (N/mm)
0% 146 144 6.49 6.40 6.44
5% 273 270 12.13 12.00 12.07
10% 264 261 11.73 11.60 11.67
20% 229 220 10.18 9.78 9.98
30% 166 160 7.38 7.11 7.24
40% 110 108 4.89 4.80 4.84
50% 94 90 4.18 4.00 4.09

14 DAYS OF CURING
Replacement Sample A Sample B Fcu A Fcu B Average Fcu
of ceramic tiles (kN) (kN) (N/mm) (N/mm) (N/mm)
waste (%)
0% 341 329 15.16 15.06 15.11
5% 493 490 21.91 21.78 21.84
10% 343 343 15.24 15.24 15.24
20% 334 320 14.84 14.22 14.53
30% 319 312 14.18 13.87 14.02
40% 312 300 13.87 13.33 13.60
50% 118 116 15.33 15.16 10.24

28 DAYS OF CURING
Replacement o Sample A Sample B Fcu A Fcu B Average Fcu
f ceramic (kN) (kN) (N/mm) (N/mm) (N/mm)
tiles waste (%)
0% 288 280 12.80 12.44 12.62
5% 482 450 21.42 20.00 20.71
10% 375 370 16.67 16.44 16.56
20% 343 340 15.24 15.11 15.18
30% 266 260 11.82 11.56 11.69
40% 214 212 9.51 9.42 9.47
50% 210 200 9.33 8.89 9.11

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 CEDTECH International Journal of Environmental Science & Biotechnology
Volume 2, Number 3, September 2021
http://www.cedtechjournals.org

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