Decimals

Chapter 8
8.1 Introduction

Savita and Shama were going to market to buy some stationary items. Savita
said, “I have 5 rupees and 75 paise”. Shama said, “I have 7 rupees and 50
paise”.
They knew how to write rupees and paise using decimals.
So Savita said, I have ` 5.75 and Shama said,
“I have ` 7.50”.
Have they written correctly?
We know that the dot represents a decimal point.
In this chapter, we will learn more about working
with decimals.

8.2 Comparing Decimals

Can you tell which is greater, 0.07 or 0.1?
Take two pieces of square papers of the same size. Divide them into 100
equal parts. For 0.07 we have to shade 7 parts out of 100.
1 10
Now, 0.1 = = , so, for 0.1, shade 10 parts out 100.
10 100

7 1 10
0.07 = 0.1 = =
100 10 100

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This means 0.1>0.07

Let us now compare the numbers 32.55 and 32.5. In this case , we first
compare the whole part. We see that the whole part for both the nunbers is 32
and, hence, equal.
We, however, know that the two numbers are not equal. So, we now compare
the tenth part. We find that for 32.55 and 32.5, the tenth part is also equal, then
we compare the hundredth part.
We find,
5 5 5 0
32.55 = 32 + + and 32.5 = 32 + + , therefore, 32.55>32.5 as
10 100 10 100
the hundredth part of 32.55 is more.
Example 1 : Which is greater?
(a) 1 or 0.99 (b) 1.09 or 1.093
0 0 9 9
Solution : (a) 1 = 1 + + ; 0.99 = 0 + +
10 100 10 100
The whole part of 1 is greater than that of 0.99.
Therefore, 1 > 0.99
0 9 0 0 9 3
(b) 1.09 = 1 + + + ; 1.093 = 1 + + +
10 100 1000 10 100 1000
In this case, the two numbers have same parts upto hundredth.
But the thousandths part of 1.093 is greater than that of 1.09.
Therefore, 1.093 > 1.09.

EXERCISE 8.1
1. Which is greater?
(a) 0.3 or 0.4 (b) 0.07 or 0.02 (c) 3 or 0.8 (d) 0.5 or 0.05
(e) 1.23 or 1.2 (f) 0.099 or 0.19 (g) 1.5 or 1.50 (h) 1.431 or 1.490
(i) 3.3 or 3.300 (j) 5.64 or 5.603
2. Make five more examples and find the greater number from them.

8.3 Using Decimals

(i) Write 2 rupees 5 paise
and 2 rupees 50 paise 8.3.1 Money
in decimals.
We know that 100 paise = ` 1
(ii) Write 20 rupees
7 paise and 21 rupees 1
Therefore, 1 paise = ` = ` 0.01
134 75 paise in decimals? 100

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65
So, 65 paise =` = ` 0.65
100
5
and 5 paise = ` = ` 0.05
100
What is 105 paise? It is ` 1 and 5 paise = ` 1.05

8.3.2 Length
Mahesh wanted to measure the length of his
table top in metres. He had a 50 cm scale.
He found that the length of the table top was
156 cm. What will be its length in metres?
Mahesh knew that
1
1 cm = m or 0.01 m 1. Can you write 4 mm in ‘cm’ using
100 decimals?
56 2. How will you write 7cm 5 mm in ‘cm’
Therefore, 56 cm = m = 0.56 m using decimals?
100
Thus, the length of the table top is 3. Can you now write 52 m as ‘km’
156 cm = 100 cm + 56 cm using decimals? How will you
write 340 m as ‘km’ using decimals?
56 How will you write 2008 m in ‘km’?
=1m+ m = 1.56 m.
100
Mahesh also wants to represent this length pictorially. He took squared
papers of equal size and divided them into 100 equal parts. He considered
each small square as one cm.

100 cm 56 cm
8.3.3 Weight
Nandu bought 500g potatoes, 250g capsicum,
700g onions, 500g tomatoes, 100g ginger and 1. Can you now write
300g radish. What is the total weight of the 456g as ‘kg’ using
vegetables in the bag? Let us add the weight of all decimals?
the vegetables in the bag. 2. How will you write
2kg 9g in ‘kg’ using 135
500 g + 250 g + 700 g + 500 g + 100 g + 300 g
decimals?
= 2350 g

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We know that 1000 g = 1 kg

1
Therefore, 1 g = kg = 0.001 kg
1000

Thus, 2350 g = 2000 g + 350 g

2000 350
= kg + kg
1000 1000
= 2 kg + 0.350 kg = 2.350 kg
i.e. 2350 g = 2 kg 350 g = 2.350 kg

Thus, the weight of vegetables in Nandu’s bag is 2.350 kg.

EXERCISE 8.2
1. Express as rupees using decimals.
(a) 5 paise (b) 75 paise (c) 20 paise
(d) 50 rupees 90 paise (e) 725 paise
2. Express as metres using decimals.
(a) 15 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 2 m 45 cm
(d) 9 m 7 cm (e) 419 cm
3. Express as cm using decimals.
(a) 5 mm (b) 60 mm (c) 164 mm
(d) 9 cm 8 mm (e) 93 mm
4. Express as km using decimals.
(a) 8 m (b) 88 m (c) 8888 m
(d) 70 km 5 m
5. Express as kg using decimals.
(a) 2 g (b) 100 g (c) 3750 g
(d) 5 kg 8 g (e) 26 kg 50 g

8.4 Addition of Numbers with Decimals

Do This
Add 0.35 and 0.42.
136 Take a square and divide it into 100 equal parts.

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Mark 0.35 in this square by shading

3 tenths and colouring 5 hundredths.
Mark 0.42 in this square by shading
4 tenths and colouring 2 hundredths.
Now count the total number of tenths in the square and
the total number of hundredths in the square.

Ones Tenths Hundredths

0 3 5
+ 0 4 2
0 7 7

Therefore, 0.35 + 0.42 = 0.77

Thus, we can add decimals in the same Find
way as whole numbers. (i) 0.29 + 0.36 (ii) 0.7 + 0.08
Can you now add 0.68 and 0.54? (iii) 1.54 + 1.80 (iv) 2.66 + 1.85

Ones Tenths Hundredths

0 6 8
+ 0 5 4
1 2 2

Thus, 0.68 + 0.54 = 1.22

Example 2 : Lata spent ` 9.50 for buying a pen and ` 2.50 for one pencil. How
much money did she spend?
Solution : Money spent for pen = ` 9.50
Money spent for pencil = ` 2.50
Total money spent = ` 9.50 + ` 2.50
Total money spent = ` 12.00
Example 3 : Samson travelled 5 km 52 m by bus, 2 km 265 m by car and the
rest 1km 30 m he walked. How much distance did he travel in all?
Solution: Distance travelled by bus = 5 km 52 m = 5.052 km
Distance travelled by car = 2 km 265 m = 2.265 km
Distance travelled on foot = 1 km 30 m = 1.030 km 137

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Therefore, total distance travelled is

5.052 km
2.265 km
+ 1.030 km
8.347 km

Therefore, total distance travelled = 8.347 km

Example 4 : Rahul bought 4 kg 90 g of apples, 2 kg 60 g of grapes and
5 kg 300 g of mangoes. Find the total weight of all the fruits he bought.
Solution : Weight of apples = 4 kg 90 g = 4.090 kg
Weight of grapes = 2 kg 60 g = 2.060 kg
Weight of mangoes = 5 kg 300 g = 5.300 kg
Therefore, the total weight of the fruits bought is
4.090 kg
2.060 kg
+ 5.300 kg
11.450 kg

Total weight of the fruits bought = 11.450 kg.

EXERCISE 8.3
1. Find the sum in each of the following :
(a) 0.007 + 8.5 + 30.08
(b) 15 + 0.632 + 13.8
(c) 27.076 + 0.55 + 0.004
(d) 25.65 + 9.005 + 3.7
(e) 0.75 + 10.425 + 2
(f) 280.69 + 25.2 + 38
2. Rashid spent ` 35.75 for Maths book and ` 32.60 for Science book. Find the total
amount spent by Rashid.
3. Radhika’s mother gave her ` 10.50 and her father gave her ` 15.80, find the total
amount given to Radhika by the parents.
4. Nasreen bought 3 m 20 cm cloth for her shirt and 2 m 5 cm cloth for her trouser. Find
the total length of cloth bought by her.
138 5. Naresh walked 2 km 35 m in the morning and 1 km 7 m in the evening. How much
distance did he walk in all?

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6. Sunita travelled 15 km 268 m by bus, 7 km 7 m by car and 500 m on foot in order to

reach her school. How far is her school from her residence?
7. Ravi purchased 5 kg 400 g rice, 2 kg 20 g sugar and 10 kg 850g flour. Find the total
weight of his purchases.

8.5 Subtraction of Decimals

Do This
Subtract 1.32 from 2.58
This can be shown by the table.

Ones Tenths Hundredths

2 5 8
– 1 3 2
1 2 6

Thus, 2.58 – 1.32 = 1.26

Therefore, we can say that, subtraction of decimals can be done by subtracting
hundredths from hundredths, tenths from tenths, ones from ones and so on, just
as we did in addition.
Sometimes while subtracting decimals, we may need to regroup like we did
in addition.
Let us subtract 1.74 from 3.5.

Ones Tenths Hundredths

3 5 0
– 1 7 4
1 7 6

Subtract in the hundredth place.

Can’t subtract ! 1. Subtract 1.85 from 5.46 ;
so regroup 2. Subtract 5.25 from 8.28 ;
2 14 10
3 . 5 0 3. Subtract 0.95 from 2.29 ;
4. Subtract 2.25 from 5.68.
– 1 . 7 4
1 . 7 6
Thus, 3.5 – 1.74 = 1.76
139

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Example 5 : Abhishek had ` 7.45. He bought toffees for ` 5.30. Find the balance
amount left with Abhishek.
Solution : Total amount of money = ` 7.45
Amount spent on toffees = ` 5.30
Balance amount of money = ` 7.45 – ` 5.30 = ` 2.15
Example 6 : Urmila’s school is at a distance of 5 km 350 m from her house.
She travels 1 km 70 m on foot and the rest by bus. How much distance does she
travel by bus?
Solution : Total distance of school from the house = 5.350 km
Distance travelled on foot = 1.070 km
Therefore, distance travelled by bus = 5.350 km – 1.070 km
= 4.280 km
Thus, distance travelled by bus = 4.280 km or 4 km 280 m
Example 7 : Kanchan bought a watermelon weighing 5 kg 200 g. Out of this she
gave 2 kg 750 g to her neighbour. What is the weight of the watermelon left with
Kanchan?

Solution : Total weight of the watermelon = 5.200 kg

Watermelon given to the neighbour = 2.750 kg
Therefore, weight of the remaining watermelon
= 5.200 kg – 2.750 kg = 2.450 kg

EXERCISE 8.4
1. Subtract :
(a) ` 18.25 from ` 20.75
(b) 202.54 m from 250 m
(c) ` 5.36 from ` 8.40
(d) 2.051 km from 5.206 km
(e) 0.314 kg from 2.107 kg
2. Find the value of :
(a) 9.756 – 6.28
(b) 21.05 – 15.27
(c) 18.5 – 6.79
140 (d) 11.6 – 9.847

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3. Raju bought a book for ` 35.65. He gave ` 50 to the shopkeeper. How much money
did he get back from the shopkeeper?
4. Rani had ` 18.50. She bought one ice-cream for ` 11.75. How much money does she
have now?

5. Tina had 20 m 5 cm long cloth. She cuts 4 m 50 cm length

of cloth from this for making a curtain. How much cloth is
left with her?

6. Namita travels 20 km 50 m every day. Out of this she travels

10 km 200 m by bus and the rest by auto. How much
distance does she travel by auto?

7. Aakash bought vegetables weighing 10 kg. Out of this, 3 kg 500 g is onions, 2 kg 75 g

is tomatoes and the rest is potatoes. What is the weight of the potatoes?

What have we discussed?

1. Every decimal can be written as a fraction.
2. Any two decimal numbers can be compared among themselves. The comparison can
start with the whole part. If the whole parts are equal then the tenth parts can be
compared and so on.
3. Decimals are used in many ways in our lives. For example, in representing units of
money, length and weight.

141

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