Describe what is shown in the figure below.

Identify the
plates that move away, past, or towards each other.
HOLY SMOKES-IT’S A
VOLCANO!
REVIEW
cone shape

gives off
has
hot gases
crater

emits hot has opening

rocks on top
 What is a volcano?

• Volcano: an opening in
Earth’s crust through
which molten rock,
rock fragments, and
hot gases erupt.
– Magma vs. lava:
remember the
difference?
 Volcanoes in
Camiguin
1. HIBOK-HIBOK
2. MT. MAMBAJAO OR TIMPOONG
3. MT. VULCAN
4. GUINSILIBAN PEAK (MT. ILIHAN)
5. MT. UHAY (MT. PANGHAWIRAN)
6. 3 MARIAS
7. MT. CARLING
8. CAMPANA HILL
9. PIYAKONG HILL
10. TIBANE HILL
11. MT. MINOKOL
12. LAGOON
 Where do volcanoes occur?
Most form along plate boundaries ….

1. in subduction zones (one plate sinks

under another)
2. over hot spots
3. where plates are pulling apart
Why is Camiguin
called an island
born of fire?
What determines how explosive an eruption is?
1. Water Vapor:
Vapor more water=bigger explosion
2. Trapped gases (water and CO ):
2)

– Easy escape (low pressure)=quiet eruption

– Difficult to escape (high pressure)=explosive/violent

eruption
3. Magma Type:

– Balastic (thin) =quiet eruption

**NOTE:
– AGranitic/Andestic
Pyroclastic flow is(thick)=violent
a fast movingeruption
mixture of water,
gases and ash that can be deadly
 Magma Composition
Basaltic
underwater pillow • Volcanoes with basaltic
lava formations lava produce:
rock structures shaped
like tubes, balloons, or
pillows.
As pahoehoe (pa-HOY-hoy)
lava cools, it forms a

ropelike structure.
•If the same lava flows at a
lower temperature, a stiff,
slowly moving aa (AH-ah)
lava forms.
Magma Composition
Basaltic

Examples
• You can find volcanoes
with basaltic lava
– Hawaiian Volcanoes,
including
• Kilauea
• Mona Loa
– Iceland
• Heimaey
• Hekla
 Magma Composition
Granitic Lava
“If it had erupted in a populated
area…"The magnitude of the eruption • Some examples of granitic
can perhaps be best realized if one
volcanoes are
could imagine a similar outburst
centered in New York City. All of – Yellowstone Caldera
Greater New York would be buried • It is a super voclano!
under from ten to fifteen feet of ash; – Katmai, Alaska
Philadelphia would be covered by a
• Last eruted in 1912.
foot of gray ash and would be in total
darkness for sixty hours; Washington
and Buffalo would receive a quarter
of an inch of ash, with a shorter
period of darkness. The sound of the
explosion would be heard in Atlanta
and St. Louis, and the fumes noticed
as far away as Denver, San Antonio,
Magma Composition
Andesitic Lava
Mount Pelee,
Martinique
– Famous for the May 8, 1902
eruption which killed 29,000 people
and destroyed the city of St. Pierre.
This is the largest number of
causalities for a volcanic eruption
this century.

• Mayon, Phillipines
– It is the most active volcano in the
Philippines. Since 1616, Mayon has
 3 Basic Volcano shapes
The shape and size are determined
by the type of magma feeding it.
 How will you describe the
slope of Pinatubo Volcano?

Pinatubo volcano is a stratovolcano. It

came from alternate solidification of
lava and cinders.
PHILVOLCS
Philippines Institute
of Volcanology and
Seismology
 The three major categories of
volcanoes based on structure
Types of Volcanoes in Terms of Characteristics
Structure
   
Cinder Cone Volcano -Steep slope
-Emits ash during eruption
  - Wide base
Shield Volcano - Emits lava
- Looks like a shield hence
the name
  - Half way of having steep
Composite Volcano or Stratovolcano slope and wide base
  - Emits both ash and lava
 1. Shield Volcano
• Formed by quiet eruptions
• Slow-moving lava flows
• Basaltic lava builds up in flat layers
• Largest with gently sloping sides
• Ex: Mauna Kea-Hawaiian Islands
 Shield volcanoes

- are formed by the

pile-up of nonviscous
lava that oozes out from
the volcano. Since lava
can flow freely, a broad,
slightly domed structure
is formed that
resembles like a
warrior’s shield. Mauna
Loa Volcano in Hawaii
is an example of this
type.
2. Cinder Cone Volcano
• Caused by explosive
eruptions
• Granitic lava thrown
high into the air
• Lava cools into
different sizes of
volcanic material
called tephra
• Steep-sided, loose
Cinder cones
- are formed from
alternating ejected lava
fragments and ash. They
have a steep slope, wide
crater on top and are the
most abundant of the three
major volcano types.
Although small, they are
also destructive since they
release high amounts of
pyroclastic materials. Mt.
Paricutin in Mexico which
has erupted in 1943, Taal
Volcano in Batangas are
examples of this type.
 Paracútin

• On February 20, 1943, a Mexican

farmer noticed that a hole in his
cornfield that had been there for
as long as he could remember
was giving off smoke.
• Throughout the night, hot glowing
cinders were thrown high into the
air.
• In just a few days, a cinder cone
several hundred meters high
covered his cornfield.
 3. Composite Volcano
• A mix of the other two types
• Quiet or violent
• Basaltic or granitic
• Steep or gentle slopes
• Layered of tephra
 Example of
Composite Volcano
• Mount St. Helen’s
– Erupted in 1980
– 57 fatalities
– Over 7000 big game animals
perished
– 4 billion board feet of timber
(enough to build about 300,000
two-bedroom homes) destroyed
– Destroyed 27 bridges, nearly 200
homes. Blast and lahars destroyed
more than 185 miles of highways
and roads and 15 miles of railways.
Composite volcanoes

- are formed due to

alternating solidification of
both lava and pyroclastic
deposits which make it nearly
a perfect sloped structure.
Pyroclastic flows occur when
these volcanoes erupt.
Mount Saint Helens in
Washington, Mt. Vesuvius in
Italy and Mt. Mayon in the
Philippines are examples of
this type.
 Example of
Composite Volcano
• Mount Pinatubo
– Erupted in 1991
– Killed 847 people
– 184 people injured
– 10, 000 home destroyed and
another 5,000 were damaged.
– The ash cloud took one year to
spread around the globe,
reducing global temperatures.
This resulted in
• Floods in 1993 along the
Mississippi River
• Drought in Africa in 1993
• The US had its 3rd wettest &
coldest winter on record.
 Example of
Composite Volcano
• Krakatau
– One of the most
violent eruptions
in recent times
occurred on an
island in the
Sunda Straits
near Indonesia in
August of 1883.
– Krakatau, a
Example of Composite Volcano

Krakatau
• Killed 36,000 people most
were killed by a giant
tsunami
• Destroyed 160 villages
• Fine ashes from the
eruption were carried by
upper level winds as far
away as New York City
• Volcanic dust lowered
global temperatures for five
years, this caused
1. How do
you describe
the slope of
Hibok-hibok
volcano?
Why is it important to know the
different types of volcanoes

• the type of volcano will predict the possible type

of its eruption.
• It help the geologist interpret how violent the
next eruption might be.
• And to evaluate the potential risk for different
types of volcanic hazards.
 Scientists monitor volcanoes.
• Scientists monitor volcanoes to look for
warning signs that an eruption may be
coming. Warning signs include:
– Earthquakes
– Changes in the tilt of the ground
– Rising temperatures of openings
– Changes in volcanic gases being tested.
Both shield and composite volcanoes can form features called calderas, a huge
crater formed by the collapse of the volcano when magma rapidly erupts from
underneath it.
Volcanoes Affect Earth’s Land,
Air, and Water
 Materials From Volcanic Eruptions Affect Earth

Land Air Water

Lava Poisonous Gases* Hot Springs

Volcanic Ash* Adds to Acid Rain Geysers

Landslides (can Haze Fumaroles

cause tsunamis)
Mudflows Lower Deep –Sea Vents
Temperature

*These can get in the jet stream and affect the weather around the world for
months or years

**There can be benefits: richer farmland and beautiful landscapes

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/
news/2011/01/110119-yellowstone-park-
supervolcano-eruption-magma-science/

2.4 million and 640,

000 years ago
Geyser

Fumarole
 Deep-Sea Vent

Hot Spring
 G. Life Cycle of a Volcano
1. Active- one that is erupting or has
shown signs that it may erupt in the
near future

2. Dormant- volcano to awaken in the

future and become active

3. Extinct-dead volcano; not likely to erupt

Types of Volcanoes in Characteristics
Terms of Activity
  - These are volcanoes that are “currently
  erupting or are expected to erupt in the near
Active Volcano future”
 
 
  -These are “not currently erupting but have
Dormant Volcano erupted within recordable history and are
expected to erupt again in the future.”
   
  -“These volcanoes are considered as dead and
Extinct Volcano are not expected to erupt in the future.”
 
 Volcanoes in
Camiguin
ACTIVE INACTIVE
1.MT. MAMBAJAO OR TIMPOONG
•HIBOK-HIBOK 2.MT. VULCAN
3.GUINSILIBAN PEAK (MT. ILIHAN)
4.MT. UHAY (MT. PANGHAWIRAN)
5.3 MARIAS
6.MT. CARLING
7.CAMPANA HILL
8.PIYAKONG HILL
9.TIBANE HILL
10.MT. MINOKOL
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
feature=player_detailpage&v=IAxj2ob_Jo
U

Venutian

http://www.youtube.com/watch?
feature=player_detailpage&v=K5pidzTZsl
o

Mt. Saint Helens