ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title 10: Website Design & Development

Submission date 10/17 Date Received 1st submission 10/17

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Tran Duc Luong Student ID BH00108

Class IT502 Assessor name Ngo Thi Mai Loan

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature

Grading grid

P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 D1

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 Summative Feedback:  Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Signature & Date:

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Contents
A. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
B. Contents............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
I. Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain names are organised and managed. ........................................ 4
1. What is website? ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
2. How the website works .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5
3. What is a domain name? Domain name structure? How Domain Names Are Organized and Managed ....................................................... 6
4. What is the Domain Name System? ........................................................................................................................................................... 8
II. Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web server software with
regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website. .................................................................................................................................. 9
1. What is the communication protocol?......................................................................................................................................................... 9
2. Server hardware? ......................................................................................................................................................................................10
3. Server OS?................................................................................................................................................................................................11
4. Server software? .......................................................................................................................................................................................12
5. The relationship in the design, access and publication of the website .........................................................................................................13
III. Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies and explain how these relate to presentation
and application layers .......................................................................................................................................................................................14
C. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................................................................................26

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 A. Introduction

B. Contents

I. Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain names are organised and managed.

1. What is website?
- Website is a collection of pages containing information including text, images, videos, etc.

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- Basic ingredients:

+ Domain name: is the name of a website operating on the internet, acting as a static, fixed address. Just like your home address or zip
code helps satellite routers navigate your goods, a browser needs a domain name to navigate to where your website is located.

+ Hosting is an online data storage and data sharing service, a space on a server where Internet services such as world wide web
(www), file transfer (FTP), Mail, etc., you can store content. website content or data on that space.

+ The Source Code Website is a system of one or more files written in the Website programming language. They help to connect the
UI elements of the Website with the database. The ultimate goal of the code is to form a complete web page.

2. How the website works

Step 1: User enters the web address of the browser

Step 2: Browser sends request to DNS server

Step 3: Domain support server and response

Step 4: After receiving the domain name (IP Address) - where to get the data, submit The browser will find the server containing this
IP address

Step 5: The web server receives the web page access request, it sends a set of html, css, other files (like sounds and images image) to
the browser.

Step 6: The browser translates the files that the server sends to the web page that we see on the screen

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3. What is a domain name? Domain name structure? How Domain Names Are Organized and Managed
- Domain name is an alternative to an IP address

An Internet address is composed of a protocol, like https:// and the domain. The domain itself is composed of a top-level domain, like
.com, the domain you can purchase and any sub-domain you may have provisioned.

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You can purchase a second-level domain, like love2dev.com. For practical purposes we will call that a domain name since it is what
most of us associate as a domain name. But technically any address that it not an IP address is a domain name and is a unique domain,
even sub-domains.

Domain name management is essentially a job related to the synthesis of management methods that users need to implement to
maintain the right to use their domain name as well as avoid unnecessary problems arising.

If a problem occurs because the domain name management process is not close and appropriate, the owner of that domain name must
take full responsibility.

Domain names are made up of non-empty labels separated by periods (.); These labels are limited to the ASCII letters a through z
(case insensitive), the digits 0 through 9, and the dash (-), with restrictions on name length and punctuation.

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4. What is the Domain Name System?
- The Domain Name System or DNS is an intermediary system that makes it easier for people and computers to communicate with
each other. Usually, we use names to access websites. In contrast, computers use alphanumeric data to access that website. DNS acts
as an intermediary translator, converting domain names into numeric data that can be understood by computers.

-How the domain name resolution system works:

+The DNS protocol will work step by step. These operational steps will run according to their own structure. The first step in the
program chain is a query step called a “DNS query”.

+The first step, the domain names server (DNS server) will find the resolution information in the hosts file - the host information file
of the operating system. This step the system will convert hostname to IP address.

+If the information is not found, the program will look in the cache (called the temporary memory). This is where the ISP's cache and
information are stored. If the server cannot find the information, you will see an error message that the homepage cannot be found

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II. Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web
server software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website.

1. What is the communication protocol?

- A communication protocol is a set of standard rules for data representation, signaling, authentication, and data error detection, by
which computers (and devices) can communicate. and exchange information with each other (search google, net working documents)

- Communication protocols used in the web: http, https, fpt

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2. Server hardware?
Server hardware is the hardware of the device, the components that make up a complete device.

With PC, devices such as mouse, keyboard, monitor, hard drive, DVD drive... are hardware devices.

Role: store source data, process and retrieve information from other computers via the Internet.

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3. Server OS?
A server operating system (OS) is an operating system that is installed and used on servers to manage the server's hardware and
software resources and provide services to many programs.

eg: UNIX, LINUX, WINDOWS

Linux is an open operating system and you can fix any problem on it. This is a free operating system and you will not need to spend
any money to own it. However, because it is a free OS, the security will not be high, so there are very few people using this OS.

UNIX It is designed specifically for programmers. it became the widely used operating system for internet servers, workstations and
mainframe systems.

window: the most popular operating system in the world at the moment.

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- Advantages: Popular, easy to use, highly stable and full of features to serve work as well as entertainment.

- Cons: Not free, you need to buy a license to use.

4. Server software?
-Server software is a type of software that is designed to be used, operated and managed on a computing server. It provides and
facilitates the harnessing of underlying server computing power for use with an array of high-end computing services and functions.

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Depending on the function, the server is divided into the following types:

- Web server: This server is installed with specialized software for

web management. For example Xampp, IIS, Visual studio, ...

- Email server: Support sending and receiving email

- Database server: Install database management software

like MySQL, SQL server

- FTP server: Support transferring files via FTP protocol

(need to install software like Filezilla, CuteFTP)

5. The relationship in the design, access and publication of the website

- Hardware provides the environment to install the operating system and software soft. From there, help design and operate the
website
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The operating system is the intermediary between the user and the hardware, providing environment for users to develop and execute
applications, control the operation of hardware and software in the process information processing

- Communication protocol to help transfer data from web server to browsing the user and vice versa, helping the user to access

website. Protocols can be implemented by hardware, soft or a combination of both.

- Web software is software that is installed on a Web server

Website design and publishing….

III. Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies and explain how these
relate to presentation and application layers
-Front-end technologies: HTML, CSS, JavaScript

HTML: HTML is an acronym for Hypertext Markup Language, which is a combination of Hypertext and Markup, also known as a
hypertext language. HTML has the function to help users build and structure sections in a website or application, often used in
paragraph division, headings, links, blockquotes, etc.

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CSS: Cascading Style Sheets is a language used to find and format elements generated by markup languages such as HTML. CSS can
make those elements rich and outstanding by decorating them with colors, changing the text color or the layout and structure of the
page.

JavaScript: JavaScript allows you to take common web elements and make them interactive. It can be used in conjunction with
HTML and CSS and is an extremely important tool for any web developer.

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-Back-end technologies: PHP,ASP.NET, Java, Ruby

PHP: PHP language is an acronym for Personal Home Page (now Hypertext Preprocessor). This term refers to a string of scripting or
scripting languages, suitable for development for server-based applications. When writing software in PHP language, the command
string will be processed on the server to generate HTML code on the client.

Advantages:

First of all, PHP is open source.

+PHP:PHP is easy to learn and easy to use language, it has great flexibility to deal with problems, contexts and scenarios with
different customization methods according to your requirements.

This is a language with the largest community today because it is open source and also very easy to use.

High security even though this is open source, PHP is very strongly developed by the community, so PHP is considered safe to use
with shared security.

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In the future of those who learn PHP language, there are huge job opportunities with high income that can reach tens of millions of
dollars a month.

Defect:

The first downside to using PHP is that its language structure doesn't look very neat.

Unlike Java and C#, when you learn, you can make websites, mobile applications, programs or software ... . However, for PHP, it can
only be used as a website and extended website applications.

The biggest downside worth mentioning is that the code is easier to copy and hack and the security is not as high as other
programming languages.

+ASP.NET: ASP.NET framework has the ability to control and manage state with state memoization. Specifically, when a customer
selects a product and makes a purchase decision, they will complete the purchase process by clicking the BUY button on the website.

Advantages:

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ASP.Net allows choosing one of the programming languages: C#, Visual Basic.Net, J#,...

ASP.Net strongly supports a rich and diverse set of .Net Framework libraries, working with XML, Web Service, accessing databases
via ADO.Net, etc.

ASPX and ASP can work in the same application.

ASP.Net uses a new programming style: Code behide. Separate code, separate interface. Easy to read, easy to manage and maintain.

Programming architecture similar to applications on Windows.

Supports state management of controls

Automatically generate HTML code for Server controls corresponding to each type of Browser

Supports multiple cache mechanisms.

Defect:

Cannot run on Linux

Without Visual Studio, it is difficult to write code for ASP.net

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+Java:Java is powerful because it is capable of handling errors at runtime, supports automatic garbage collection and exception
handling, and avoids the concept of explicit pointers. Java has a powerful memory management system. It eliminates errors because it
checks the code during both compilation and runtime.Advantages:

Java is platform independent.

Java is object-oriented.

The main reason Java is safe is pointers, Java doesn't use pointers.

In Java can achieve multithreading.

Java is powerful because it has many features like garbage collection, no pointers, exception handling.

Java is an easy to understand language.

Defect :

Poor performance, invalid caching configuration, and deadlock between processes.

Java has very few SWT, GUI generators – Swing, JSF and JavaFX.

To write code to perform a simple set of operations, you may have to write long and complex pieces of code.

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Ruby: Ruby programming language is defined as one of the most externally-oriented and widely used languages for creating web and
mobile applications.

Advantages:

Ruby is an extremely easy programming language to learn, if you are proficient in Ruby, using Ruby on Rails is too simple.

The demand for jobs related to Ruby programmers is increasing day by day.

Ruby's ecosystem is extremely large and brings many benefits.

You can do external library writing in Ruby or in C.

Ruby's security features are extremely high and good.

Ruby implementation syntax is becoming a lot more flexible by the day.

Ruby's chaining system is very powerful.

Ruby has a huge debugger.

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Ruby programmers can work on many different platforms.

You can use Ruby to do HTML embedding;

Ruby is an open source language.

Defect:

Using Ruby is considered by experts to be extremely simple, but the process of learning Ruby can be difficult in the environment
settings.

Currently, Ruby's processing time is often much slower than other programming languages.

-Relationship between front-end and back-end technologies

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Front-end and back-end website technology is similar to the submission layer

Front-end and back-end website technology is similar to the submission layer

presentation and application layers in the OSI model.

• On the website, users use the front-end to transfer data

to the back-end. Conversely, data from the back-end will pass to the front-end.

end to display to the user.

• Similarly, in the OSI model, data from the user is transferred

through the application layer to the presentation layer. In contrast, data from the submit class

presentation will pass to the application layer for the user.

IV. Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom built sites with regards to design flexibility,
performance, functionality,

User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI).

We have a number of online website creation tools such as:

-WordPress

Advantages:

Ease of use: Using WordPress when designing websites is easy to use. Simple operation is simple, easy to understand and operate, so
the user does not need to know advanced programming knowledge.

Easy to manage: The administration system is very easy, all items such as posts, interfaces, settings, ... are arranged to be easy to
understand, scientific and reasonable for beginners to use.

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Free Open Source: Free Website Design.

Website design Open source helps users to design websites quickly without having to know too much programming knowledge.

Multi-language support WordPress supports 52 languages including Vietnamese. So users can easily work and manipulate on it.

Defect:

Bad security: The popularity of WordPress CMS makes websites vulnerable to vandals

Installing templates and plugins: Installation is not simple, if not operated properly, can lead to many conflicts when using

Suitable for small businesses: Only suitable for small and medium businesses. This is not the optimal solution for large companies

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-Wix

Defect:

Few apps support

Expensive paid plan

Free plan has many limitations

Advantages:

Updated frequently

Smart Suggestions

Ecommerce

Maximum support

Many designs available

Simple to use

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 - Compare online web builder and regular web builder

Comparison point Online website creation tool Usual web builder

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Flexibility Unable to be flexible with requests from Has flexibility. Can design interface and
users… function according to User request
Efficiency Can make website faster Requires knowledge and time
Function Limit Functions can be customized according to
user requirements
User interface Beautiful because it is already designed Depending on the capacity and level of the
web developer
User experience Good because it's already designed Depending on the capacity and level of the
web developer

C. Conclusion

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