TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS

TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS

TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS
TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS

AMIRAH MUHAMMAD IMRAN

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

 PSZ 19:16 (Pind. 1/13)
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

NOTES : If the thesis is CONFIDENTIAL or RESTRICTED, please attach with the letter from the
organization with period and reasons for confidentiality or restriction
 “I hereby declare that we have read this thesis and in my
opinion this thesis is suffcient in term of scope and quality for the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Computer Science (Computer Networks &
Security)”

Signature : ________________________________
Name of Supervisor : SITI HAJAR OTHMAN
Date : 9 MAY 2019
ON-LINE RECOGNITION OF DEVELOPING CONTROL CHART PATTERNS

AMIRAH MUHAMMAD IMRAN

A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the

requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Computer Science (Computer Networks & Security)

School of Computing
Faculty of Engineering
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

MAY 2019
 DECLARATION

I declare that this thesis entitled “On-Line Recognition of Developing Control Chart
Patterns” is the result of my own research except as cited in the references. The
thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in
candidature of any other degree.

Signature : ....................................................
Name : AMIRAH MUHAMMAD IMRAN
Date : 9 MAY 2019

ii
 DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to my father, who taught me that the best kind of
knowledge to have is that which is learned for its own sake. It is also dedicated to my
mother, who taught me that even the largest task can be accomplished if it is done
one step at a time.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In preparing this thesis, I was in contact with many people, researchers,

academicians, and practitioners. They have contributed towards my understanding
and thoughts. In particular, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to my main
thesis supervisor, Professor Dr. XX, for encouragement, guidance, critics and
friendship. I am also very thankful to my co-supervisor Professor Dr YY and
Associate Professor Dr. ZZZ for their guidance, advices and motivation. Without
their continued support and interest, this thesis would not have been the same as
presented here.

My fellow student should also be recognised for their support. My sincere

appreciation also extends to all my colleagues and others who have provided
assistance at various occasions. Their views and tips are useful indeed.
Unfortunately, it is not possible to list all of them in this limited space. I am grateful
to all my family member.

iv
 ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of genetic algorithm

(GA) in modelling linear and non-linear dynamic systems and develop an alternative
model structure selection algorithm based on GA. Orthogonal least square (OLS), a
gradient descent method was used as the benchmark for the proposed algorithm. A
model structure selection based on modified genetic algorithm (MGA) has been
proposed in this study to reduce problems of premature convergence in simple GA
(SGA). The effect of different combinations of MGA operators on the performance
of the developed model was studied and the effectiveness and shortcomings of MGA
were highlighted. Results were compared between SGA, MGA and benchmark OLS
method. It was discovered that with similar number of dynamic terms, in most cases,
MGA performs better than SGA in terms of exploring potential solution and
outperformed the OLS algorithm in terms of selected number of terms and predictive
accuracy. In addition, the use of local search with MGA for fine-tuning the algorithm
was also proposed and investigated, named as memetic algorithm (MA). Simulation
results demonstrated that in most cases, MA is able to produce an adequate and
parsimonious model that can satisfy the model validation tests with significant
advantages over OLS, SGA and MGA methods. Furthermore, the case studies on
identification of multivariable systems based on real experiment t al data from two
systems namely a turbo alternator and a continuous stirred tank reactor showed that
the proposed algorithm could be used as an alternative to adequately identify
adequate and parsimonious models for those systems. Abstract must be bilingual. For
a thesis written in Bahasa Melayu, the abstract must first be written in Bahasa
Melayu and followed by the English translation. If the thesis is written in English,
the abstract must be written in English and followed by the translation in Bahasa
Melayu. The abstract should be brief, written in one paragraph and not exceed one
(1) page. An abstract is different from synopsis or summary of a thesis. It should
states the field of study, problem definition, methodology adopted, research process,
results obtained and conclusion of the research. The abstract can be written using
single or one and a half spacing. Example can be seen in Appendix 1 (Bahasa
Melayu) and Appendix J (English).

v
 ABSTRAK

Kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan mengkaji penggunaan algoritma genetik (GA)

dalam pemodelan sistem dinamik linear dan tak linear dan membangunkan kaedah
alternatif bagi pcmilihan struktur model menggunakan GA. Algorithma kuasa dua
terkecil ortogon (OLS), satu kaedah penurunan kecerunan digunakan sebagai
bandingan bagi kaedah yang dicadangkan. Pcmilihan struktur model mengunakan
kaedah algoritma genetik yang diubahsuai (MGA) dicadangkan dalam kajian ini bagi
mengurangkan masalah konvergens pramatang dalam algoritma genetik mudah
(SGA). Kesan penggunaan gabungan operator MGA yang berbeza ke atas prestasi
model yang terbentuk dikaji dan keberkesanan serta kekurangan MGA diu t arakan.
Kajian simulasi dilakukan untuk membanding SGA, MGA dan OLS. Dengan
meggunakan bilangan parametcr dinamik yang setara kajian ini mendapati, dalam
kebanyakan kes, prestasi MGA adalah lebih baik daripada SGA dalam mencari
penyelesaian yang berpotensi dan lebih berkebolehan daripada OLS dalam
menentukan bilangan sebutan yang dipilih dan ketcpatan ramalan. Di samping itu,
penggunaan carian tcmpatan dalam MGA untuk menambah baik algorithma tersebut
dicadang dan dikaji, dinamai sebagai algoritma mcmetic (MA). Hasil simulasi
menunjukkan, dalam kebanyakan kes, MA berkeupayaan menghasilkan model yang
bersesuaian dan parsimoni dan mcmenuhi ujian pengsahihan model di samping
mcmperolehi beberapa kelebihan dibandingkan dengan kaedah OLS, SGA dan
MGA. Tambahan pula, kajian kes untuk sistcm berbilang pcmbolehubah
menggunakan data eksperimental sebenar daripada dua sistem iaitu sistem
pengulang-alik turbo dan reaktor teraduk berterusan menunjukkan algoritma ini
boleh digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk mcmperolehi model termudah yang
memadai bagi sistcm tersebut.

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

DECLARATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
ABSTRAK vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES x
LIST OF FIGURES xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii
LIST OF SYMBOLS xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES xiv

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Background 1
1.3 Project Aim 2
1.4 Project Objectives 2
1.5 Project Scope 3
1.6 Project Importance 3
1.7 Report Organization 3

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5

2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Case Study (If any) 6
2.2.1 Company Organization Structure 6
2.2.2 Manual Operation 7
2.3 Current System Analysis 7
2.4 Comparison between existing systems 8

vii
 2.5 Literature Review of Technology Used 8
2.6 Chapter Summary 8

CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY 9

3.1 Introduction 9
3.2 Methodology Choice and Justification 9
3.3 Phases of the Chosen Methodology 9
3.4 Technology Used Description 10
3.5 System Requirement Analysis 10
3.6 Chapter Summary 11

CHAPTER 4 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 12

4.1 Introduction 12
4.2 Requirement Analysis 12
4.3 Project Design 12
4.4 Database Design 12
4.5 Interface Design 13
4.6 Chapter Summary 13

CHAPTER 5 IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING 15

5.1 Introduction 15
5.2 Coding of System Main Functions 15
5.3 Interfaces of System Main Functions 15
5.4 Testing 16
5.4.1 Black box Testing 16
5.4.1.1 System Flow 16
5.4.1.2 Input Output Verification 17
5.4.1.3 Error Messages 17
5.4.2 White box Testing 17
5.4.3 User Testing 18
5.5 Chapter Summary 18

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION 19
6.1 Introduction 19

viii
 6.2 Achievement of Project Objectives 19
6.3 Suggestions for Future Improvement 19

REFERENCES 21

ix
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE

Table 2.1 Example Repeated Header Table 6

Table 2.2 Regression analysis for the results of preliminary feature
screening 6
Table 2.3 Estimated effects and regression coefficients for the
recogniser's performance (reduced model) 6
Table 4.1 Regression analysis for the results of preliminary feature
screening 14
Table A.1 Example Repeated Header Table 24

x
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE

Figure 2.1 Continuous variability reduction using SPC chart (Revelle

and Harrington, 1992) 5
Figure 3.1 Example of Formatting Method 10
Figure A.1 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 23

xi
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ANN - Artificial Neural Network

GA - Genetic Algorithm
PSO - Particle Swarm Optimization
MTS - Mahalanobis Taguchi System
MD - Mahalanobis Distance
TM - Taguchi Method
UTM - Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
XML - Extensible Markup Language
ANN - Artificial Neural Network
GA - Genetic Algorithm
PSO - Particle Swarm Optimization

xii
 LIST OF SYMBOLS

δ - Minimal error
- Diameter
- Force
- Velocity
- Pressure
- Moment of Inersia
- Radius
- Reynold Number

xiii
 LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

Appendix A Mathematical Proofs 23

Appendix B Psuedo Code 25
Appendix C Time-series Results Long 26

xiv
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

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2 lines’ style”

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last paragraph/single paragraph in the section, use ‘Para 4 lines’ style”

1.2 Problem Background

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1
add a matching cover page, header, and sidebar. Click Insert and then choose the
elements you want from the different galleries.

Themes and styles also help keep your document coordinated. When you
click Design and choose a new Theme, the pictures, charts, and SmartArt graphics
change to match your new theme. When you apply styles, your headings change to
match the new theme. Save time in Word with new buttons that show up where you
need them. To change the way a picture fits in your document, click it and a button
for layout options appears next to it. When you work on a table, click where you
want to add a row or a column, and then click the plus sign.

1.3 Project Aim

Project aim shows what you plan to achieve in one sentence.

1.4 Project Objectives

The objectives of the project are:

(a) To estimate the parameters

(b) Item 1

(c) Item 2

(d) To define the best parameter estimate.

1.5 Project Scope

The scopes of the project are:

2
(e) Scope 1

(f) Scope 2

1.6 Project Importance

Themes and styles also help keep your document coordinated. When you
click Design and choose a new Theme, the pictures, charts, and SmartArt graphics
change to match your new theme. When you apply styles, your headings change to
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need them. To change the way a picture fits in your document, click it and a button
for layout options appears next to it. When you work on a table, click where you
want to add a row or a column, and then click the plus sign.

1.7 Report Organization

Themes and styles also help keep your document coordinated. When you
click Design and choose a new Theme, the pictures, charts, and SmartArt graphics
change to match your new theme. When you apply styles, your headings change to
match the new theme. Save time in Word with new buttons that show up where you
need them. To change the way a picture fits in your document, click it and a button
for layout options appears next to it. When you work on a table, click where you
want to add a row or a column, and then click the plus sign.

3
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

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can also type a keyword to search online for the video that best fits your document.
To make your document look professionally produced, Word provides header, footer,
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add a matching cover page, header, and sidebar.

Figure 2.1 Continuous variability reduction using SPC chart (Revelle and
Harrington, 1992)

Table 2.1 Example Repeated Header Table

5
Title Title Title Title

Table 2.2 Regression analysis for the results of preliminary feature screening

Table 2.3 Estimated effects and regression coefficients for the recogniser's
performance (reduced model)

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2.2 Case Study (If any)

Study of domain from general to specific, related studies, a description of the

identified problem.

2.2.1 Company Organization Structure

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6
2.2.2 Manual Operation

After deliberating on doctoral education in Australia in the 1990s, one

observer I Australia writes:

The lack of any significant formal course work within our Ph.D. and
master degrees by research has continued for three decades. The focus
of our Ph.D. research type degrees continues to be the research
project, and this is almost the only medium by which education is
accomplished.

(Stranks, 1984:171)

2.3 Current System Analysis

Study of theory/algorithm/method that can contribute towards solving the

problem, Justification of chosen theory/algorithm/method, Every sub-topic within the
domain must have a review.

(2.1)

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Reading view. You can collapse parts of the document and focus on the text you
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and sidebar.

7
2.4 Comparison between existing systems

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2.5 Literature Review of Technology Used

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2.6 Chapter Summary

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8
 CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate
with the overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert tables,
headers, footers, lists, cover pages, and other document building blocks. When you
create pictures, charts, or diagrams, they also coordinate with your current document
look. You can easily change the formatting of selected text in the document text by
choosing a look for the selected text from the Quick Styles gallery on the Home tab.

3.2 Methodology Choice and Justification

On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate
with the overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert tables,
headers, footers, lists, cover pages, and other document building blocks. When you
create pictures, charts, or diagrams, they also coordinate with your current document
look. You can easily change the formatting of selected text in the document text by
choosing a look for the selected text from the Quick Styles gallery on the Home tab.

3.3 Phases of the Chosen Methodology

On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate
with the overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert tables,
headers, footers, lists, cover pages, and other document building blocks. When you
create pictures, charts, or diagrams, they also coordinate with your current document
look. You can easily change the formatting of selected text in the document text by
choosing a look for the selected text from the Quick Styles gallery on the Home tab.

9
3.4 Technology Used Description

On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate
with the overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert tables,
headers, footers, lists, cover pages, and other document building blocks.

Figure 3.2 Example of Formatting Method

3.5 System Requirement Analysis

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3.6 Chapter Summary

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11
 CHAPTER 4

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

4.1 Introduction

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4.2 Requirement Analysis

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4.3 Project Design

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4.4 Database Design

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12
4.5 Interface Design

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4.6 Chapter Summary

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13
Title Title Title Title Title Title Title

Table 4.4 Regression analysis for the results of preliminary feature screening

14
 CHAPTER 5

IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

5.1 Introduction

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5.2 Coding of System Main Functions

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5.3 Interfaces of System Main Functions

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15
5.4 Testing

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5.4.1 Black box Testing

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5.4.1.1 System Flow

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5.4.1.2 Input Output Verification

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16
To make your document look professionally produced, Word provides header, footer,
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5.4.1.3 Error Messages

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5.4.2 White box Testing

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5.4.3 User Testing

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17
cover page, and text box designs that complement each other. For example, you can
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5.5 Chapter Summary

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18
 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

6.1 Introduction

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6.2 Achievement of Project Objectives

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6.3 Suggestions for Future Improvement

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19
add a matching cover page, header, and sidebar.

20
 REFERENCES

Chen, M.-C. and Huang, S.-H. (2003) ‘Credit scoring and rejected instances
reassigning through evolutionary computation techniques’, Expert Systems
with Applications, 24(4), pp. 433–441.
Clerc, M. and Kennedy, J. (2002) ‘The particle swarm - explosion, stability, and
convergence in a multidimensional complex space’, IEEE Transactions on
Evolutionary Computation, 6(1), pp. 58–73.
Gosnell, M., Woodley, R., Hicks, J. and Cudney, E. (2014) ‘Exploring the
Mahalanobis-Taguchi Approach to Extract Vehicle Prognostics and
Diagnostics’, in Computational Intelligence in Vehicles and Transportation
Systems (CIVTS), 2014 IEEE Symposium on, pp. 84–91.
Gupta, A. (2015) ‘Classification of Complex UCI Datasets Using Machine Learning
Algorithms Using Hadoop’, International Journal of Scetific & Techology
Research, 4(5), pp. 85–94.
Hu, J., Zhang, L., Liang, W. and Wang, Z. (2009) ‘Incipient mechanical fault
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Appendix A Mathematical Proofs

Video provides a powerful way to help you prove your point. When you click
Online Video, you can paste in the embed code for the video you want to add. You
can also type a keyword to search online for the video that best fits your document.
To make your document look professionally produced, Word provides header, footer,
cover page, and text box designs that complement each other. For example, you can

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add a matching cover page, header, and sidebar.

Figure A.3 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Figure A.2 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Table A.5 Example Repeated Header Table

Title Title Title Title

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Title Title Title Title

Appendix B Psuedo Code

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Appendix C Time-series Results Long

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