CONSTRUCTION OF A 9V POWER SUPPLY

By

XXXXX XXXXXX

ET/EE/HND/19/000

Of

THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC MUBI

SUBMITTED AS PROJECT 1

SEPTEMBER 2021
1.0 Introduction
A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The
primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another and, as
a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Every power
supply must obtain the energy it supplies to its load, as well as any energy it consumes while
performing that task, from an energy source. (Adejumobi, 2012)
All power supplies have a power input, which receives energy from the energy source, and a
power output that delivers energy to the load. (Noor, 2007).

2.0 Block Diagram of the 5V Power Supply

A complete power supply circuit is mainly composed of the following four main sub-blocks.

 The Transformer
 The Rectifier Circuit
 The Filter
 The Regulator

Figure 1.0: Block diagram of a power supply

3.0 Circuit diagram of 9V DC power supply

Below is the circuit diagram for the project.

4.1 Step 1: The selection of regulator IC

The selection of a regulator IC depends on your output voltage. In our case, we are designing for
the 5V output voltage, we will select the LM7809 linear regulator IC. (Lines, 1991)

4.2 Step 2: The selection of transformer

There is a diode rectifier between the regulator and secondary side of the transformer with its
own voltage drop across it of 1.4V so we need to compensate for this value. (Lines, 1991)

So mathematically:

Vsecondary = 9v + 1.4V

Vsecondary = 10.4V (peak value) (Theraja, 2002)

This means we should select the transformer with a secondary voltage value equal to 11V or at
least 10% more than 10.4V.
From these points, for the 9V DC power supply design, we can select a transformer of current
rating 1A and a secondary voltage of 12V.

 4.3 Step 3: The selection of diodes for the bridge

To select a diode for the bridge circuit the output load current and maximum peak secondary
voltage of the transformer are considered.

Since peak reverse voltage (PIV) must be more than peak secondary transformer voltage

We select the IN4001 diode because it has a current rating of 1A more than our desire rating, and
a peak reverse voltage of 50V. (Theraja, 2002)

4.4 Step 4: The Selection of smoothing capacitor and calculations

To find the proper value of capacitance, the formula below is used:

C = Io/(2πfo) Where, (Theraja, 2002)

Io = Load current i.e., 500mA in this project, Vo = Output voltage i.e., in our case 9V, f =
Frequency i.e 50Hz

C = 500mA/ (2 Xπ X 50 X5)

= 3.187 X 10-4

By using capacitor formula, the practical standard value close to this value i-e 3.1847E-4 is
470uF at 15V

4.5 Step 5: Protection

The input fuse will protect our supply in case of overloading. A rule of thumb for selecting the
fuse rating is, it must be at least 20% more than the load current. (Theraja, 2002)

5.0 List of components

The following are the list of calculated or estimated components for the 5V power supply
Table i. List of Components

S/N Component Type Quantity

1 12V transformer 220V/12v step down 1

2 Rectifier diodes 1N40014 4

3 Filter capacitor 470uf/15V 1

4 Regulator 7809 1

5 Resistor 330 1

6 Light emitting diode red 1

7 Capacitors 0.01uf 2

6.0 Construction-Soldering

Soldering is a joining process used to join different types of metals together by melting solder.
Solder is a metal alloy usually made of tin and lead which is melted using a hot iron. The iron is
heated to temperatures above 600 degrees Fahrenheit which then cools to create a strong
electrical bond. A soldering iron is a hand tool used in soldering. It supplies heat to melt solder
so that it can flow into the joint between two work pieces.

Care was taken not to use un-necessary long wires. Care was also taken in soldering of all active
components so as to avoid damage due to excessive heat.

The Vero-board was cleansed with metal brush and lead of each component was measured and
excess was cut off to avoid short circuiting care was taken to ensure that the components were
fixed properly as shown in the schematic diagram.
7.0 Casing/ Packaging

A portable box was constructed for casing of the entire system. This casing is made up of plastic
to house all the internal components of the constructed 5V power supply. It is also to provide
protection against the mechanical damage of the circuit and to reduce the risk of short circuit
between current carrying conductors. It was carefully perforated at the back for adequate
ventilation.

Figure 3.0: Casing/ Packaging of the power supply

8.0 Testing

The constructed circuit was tested by putting ON the system and using a voltmeter at the output.
Result is then recorded and tabulated.

9.0 Results

Results obtained from the testing procedure is tabulated in table ii

Table ii. Results of Test

S/N Input voltage Output voltage

1 220v AC 9v DC

10.0 Conclusion
The aim of this project is to design and construct a 5v power supply, for my project two. The
work involved calculating and selecting system components to be able to handle the work of the
converting 220v ac to 9.0v dc. The work was successfully designed, constructed and tested. Test
result show that the power supply is functional.

References

Adejumobi I. A., Olanipekun A. J., Adebisi O. I. & Adetomi A. A. (2012). Development of a

Theraja, B.L. and Theraja, A.K. (2002). A Textbook of Electrical Technology. 23rd ed. S.
Chand: New Delhi, India.

Noor S. (2007). Variable power supply. Unpublised B. Engineering thesis, Universiti Teknical
Malysia, Melaka

Lines, D. (1991). Building Power Supplies: Useful Designs for Hobbyists and Technicians.
Master Publishing, Inc.