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5/2/23, 6:16 AM Ultimate Moment and Number of Bars of Simply Supported Concrete Beam | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering
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Date of Exam: May 2016

Subject: Structural Engineering and Construction
Situation
Given:
Beam Section, b × h = 300 mm × 450 mm
Effective Depth, d = 380 mm
Compressive Strength, fc' = 30 MPa
Steel Strength, fy = 415 MPa
1. The beam is simply supported on a span of 5 m, and carries the following loads:
Superimposed Dead Load = 16 kN/m
Live Load = 14 kN/m
What is the maximum moment, Mu (kN·m), at ultimate condition? U = 1.4D + 1.7L
A. 144 C. 104
B. 158 D. 195
2. Find the number of 16 mm diameter bars required if the design moment at ultimate loads is 200 kN·m.
A. 2 C. 6
B. 4 D. 8
3. If the beam carries an ultimate concentrated load of 50 kN at midspan, what is the number of 16 mm diameter
bars required?
A. 2 C. 4
B. 3 D. 5
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5/2/23, 6:16 AM Ultimate Moment and Number of Bars of Simply Supported Concrete Beam | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering and Con…
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Solution
Weight of Beam
wbeam = 23.5(0.3)(0.45)
wbeam = 3.17 kN/m

Part (1)
Factored Load
wu = 1.4wDL + 1.7wLL
wu = 1.4(3.17 + 16) + 1.7(14)
wu = 50.638 kN/m

Ultimate moment
wu L 2
Mu =
8
50.638(52)
Mu =
8
Mu = 158.24 kN ⋅ m ← answer

Part (2)
Mu
Rn =
ϕbd 2
200(1000 2)
Rn =
0.9(300)(3802 )
Rn = 5.1298

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2Rn ‾
fy [ 0.85fc′ ]
0.85fc′
√
ρ= 1− 1−
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2(5.1298)‾
415 [ √ 0.85(30) ]
0.85(30)
ρ= 1− 1−
ρ = 0.01394

1.4 1.4
ρmin = =
fy 415
ρmin = 0.0034

Use ρ = 0.01394

5/2/23, 6:16 AM Ultimate Moment and Number of Bars of Simply Supported Concrete Beam | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering and Con…
Number of 16-mm bars:

ρbd 0.01394(300)(380)
N= =
Ab 1
π162
4
N = 7.9 ≅ 8 bars ← answer

Part (3)
1.4wbeam L 2 P L
Mu = + u
8 4
2
1.4(3.17)(5 ) 50(5)
Mu = +
8 4
Mu = 76.369 kN ⋅ m

Mu
Rn =
ϕbd 2
76.369(1000 2)
Rn =
0.9(300)(3802 )
Rn = 1.9588

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2Rn ‾
fy [ √ 0.85fc′ ]
0.85fc′
ρ= 1− 1−
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2(1.9588)‾
415 [ √ 0.85(30) ]
0.85(30)
ρ= 1− 1−
ρ = 0.00492 > ρmin

ρbd 0.00492(300)(380)
N= =
Ab 1
π162
4
N = 2.79 ≅ 3 bars ← answer

Category: Reinforced Concrete Beam Ultimate Strength Design Required Number of Bars
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Date of Exam: December 2014

Situation
The total length of the beam shown below is 10 m and the uniform load wo is equal to 15 kN/m.

1. What is the moment at midspan if x = 2 m?
A. 37.5 kN·m C. -187.5 kN·m
B. -37.5 kN·m D. 187.5 kN·m
2. Find the length of overhang x, so that the moment at midspan is zero.
A. 2.5 m C. 2.4 m
B. 2.6 m D. 2.7 m
3. Find the span L so that the maximum moment in the beam is the least possible value.
A. 5.90 m C. 5.92 m
B. 5.88 m D. 5.86 m

Answer Key

Solution

By symmetry,
1
R= 2
(15 × 10)
R = 75 kN

x
Msupport = −15x ( )
2
Msupport = −7.5x 2

Mmidspan = 75(5 − x) − 15(5) ( )

5
2
Mmidspan = 75(5 − x) − 187.5
Mmidspan = 187.5 − 75x

If x = 2 m
Mmidspan = 187.5 − 75(2)
Mmidspan = 37.5 kN ⋅ m ← Answer for Part (1)

For Mmidspan = 0
187.5 − 75x = 0
75x = 187.5
x = 2.5 m ← Answer for Part (2)

The least possible value of maximum moment will occur when Msupport is numerically equal to Mmidspan
|Msupport | = |Mmidspan |
7.5x 2 = 187.5 − 75x
7.5x 2 + 75x − 187.5 = 0
x = 2.071 m

L = 10 − 2x
L = 10 − 2(2.071)
L = 5.858 m ← Answer for Part (3)

Category: Theory of Structures Simply Supported Beam Simple Beam with Overhang
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5/2/23, 6:08 AM Maximum stresses on a pole subjected to combined loadings | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering and Construction
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Situation
The solid pole shown in the figure is loaded with a vertical load P = 25 kN and lateral load H = 0.95 kN. The pole is 3
m high, 300 mm diameter and weighs 22 kN/m3.

1. What is the maximum compressive stress at the base in MPa?
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2. What is the maximum tensile stress at the base in MPa?
A. 1.60 C. 1.12
B. 2.23 D. 0.89
3. What is the maximum shearing stress in the pole in MPa?

A. 0.0234 C. 0.0112
B. 0.0179 D. 0.0151

Answer Key
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Solution
Volume of the pole
π
V= (0.32)(3) = 0.0675π m3
4

Weight of pole
W = γV = 22(0.0675π) = 1.485π kN

Maximum moment will occur at the base
M = 0.1P + 3H = 0.1(25) + 3(0.95)
M = 5.35 kN ⋅ m

Stress due to axial load
P+W (25 + 1.485π)(1000)
σ= =
Area 1
π(3002 )
4
σ = 0.4197 MPa

Bending stress at the base

Mc 5.35(150)(1000 2)
fb = =
I 1
π(1504 )
4
fb = 2.0183 MPa

Maximum Tensile and Compressive Stresses
fA = −σ + fb = −0.4197 + 2.0183
fA = 1.5986 MPa ← maximum tensile stress -part (2)

fB = −σ − fb = −0.4197 − 2.0183
fB = −2.4380 MPa ← maximum compressive stress -part (1)

Maximum Shear Stress
V = H = 0.95 kN ← maximum shear force

For circular cross-section
4V 4(0.95)(1000)
τ= =
3A 3 × π(1502 )
τ = 0.0179 MPa ← -part (3)

Category:
Strength of Materials Combined Stresses Combined Axial and Bending Flexural Shear Stress
Maximum Shear Stress Maximum Compressive Stress Maximum Tensile Stress
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Situation
The three-hinged arch shown below is loaded with symmetrically placed concentrated loads as shown in the figure
below.

Yes, Numerade has the Open

answers.

The loads are as follows:
P1 = 90 kN P2 = 240 kN

The dimensions are:
H = 8 m S = 4 kN

Calculate the following:

1. The horizontal reaction at A.
A. 0 C. 330 kN
B. 285 kN D. 436 kN
2. The total reaction at B.
A. 0 C. 330 kN
B. 285 kN D. 436 kN
3. The vertical reaction at C.
A. 0 C. 330 kN
B. 285 kN D. 436 kN

Answer Key

Solution
By symmetry, the vertical reactions at A and B are equal.


AV = BV = 90 + 240
AV = BV = 330 kN

From the FBD of member AC


ΣMC = 0
2S AH + 2S(90) + S(240) = 3S(330)
AH = 285 kN ← Answer for Part (1)

ΣFV = 0 already, hence
CV = 0 (not shown in the figure) ← Answer for Part (3)

Note:
ΣFH = 0
CH = AH = 285 kN

From the FBD of the whole system


ΣFH = 0
BH = AH
BH = 285 kN

RB = √‾
B‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
H + BV ‾
2 2
RB = √‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
285 2
+ 330‾2
RB = 436 kN ← Answer for Part (2)

Category: Engineering Mechanics Three-Hinged Arch Support Reactions Symmetrical Load
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Date of Exam: November 2018
Situation
A simply supported beam has a span of 12 m. The beam carries a total uniformly distributed load of 21.5 kN/m.
1. To prevent excessive deflection, a support is added at midspan. Calculate the resulting moment (kN·m) at the added
support.
A. 64.5 C. 258.0
B. 96.8 D. 86.0
2. Calculate the resulting maximum positive moment (kN·m) when a support is added at midspan.
A. 96.75 C. 108.84
B. 54.42 D. 77.40
3. Calculate the reaction (kN) at the added support.
A. 48.38 C. 161.2
B. 96.75 D. 80.62

Answer Key

Solution
R2 L 3 5wL 4
=
48EI 384EI
R2 = 8 wL = 58 (21.5)(12)
5
5/1/23, 11:12 PM Simply Supported Beam with Support Added at Midspan to Prevent Excessive Deflection | CE Board Problem in Structural Engine…
R = 161.25 kN ← Answer for Part (3)

ΣFv = 0
2R1 + R2 = 21.5(12)
2R1 + 161.25 = 258
R1 = 48.375 kN

M2 = 48.375(6) − 21.5(6)(3)
M2 = −96.75 kN ⋅ m ← Answer for Part (1)

Vx = 48.375 − 21.5x = 0
x = 2.25 m

x
Mx = 48.375x − 21.5x ( )
2
Mx = 48.375(2.25) − 10.75(2.252 )
Mx = 54.42 kN ⋅ m ← Answer for Part (2)

Category:
Theory of Structures Structural Analysis Beam Deflection Simply Supported Beam simple beam
maximum positive moment Maximum Bending Moment
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Situation
A cantilever beam, 3.5 m long, carries a concentrated load, P, at mid-length.
Given:
P = 200 kN
Beam Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200 GPa
Beam Moment of Inertia, I = 60.8 × 106 mm4

1. How much is the deflection (mm) at mid-length?
A. 1.84 C. 23.50
B. 29.40 D. 14.70
2. What force (kN) should be applied at the free end to prevent deflection?
A. 7.8 C. 62.5
B. 41.7 D. 100.0
Seamless
3. To limit Stainless
the deflection Steel
at mid-length to 9.5 Tube
mm, how much force (kN) should be applied at the free end?
Open
Seamless & Welded. Industral & Sanitary Tube. Precision Tubing, Bright Annealed Tubing.
A.YASE
54.1PIPELINE C. 129.3
B. 76.8 D. 64.7

Answer Key

Solution
EI = 200, 000(60.8 × 106 )
EI = 1.216 × 1013 N ⋅ mm2

Part (1)
PL 3
δ=
3EI
200(1.753 )(1000 4)
δ=
3(1.216 × 1013 )
δ = 29.38 mm ← answer

Part (2)

EI tC/A = (AreaAC ) ⋅ X̄ C = 0
1
2
(3.5)(3.5R) [ 23 (3.5)] − 12 (1.75)(350) [1.75 + 23 (1.75)] = 0
14.291R = 893.229
R = 62.5 kN ← answer

Another Solution for Part (2)
Using Superposition Method
[ ]
R(3.53) 200(1.753 ) 200(1.752 )
= + 1.75
3EI 3EI 2EI
343 42, 875
R=
24 48
R = 62.5 kN ← (okay!)

Part (3)

EI tB/A = (AreaAB ) ⋅ X̄ B
EI tB/A = 1
2
(1.75)(3.5R) [ 23 (1.75)] + 12 (1.75)(1.75R) [ 13 (1.75)] − 12 (1.75)(350) [ 23 (1.75)]
EI tB/A = 3.573R + 0.893R − 357.292
EI tB/A = 4.466R − 357.292
(1.216 × 1013 )(−9.5) = (4.466R − 357.292)(1000 4)
R = 54.14 kN ← answer

Category:
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Situation
A simply supported steel beam spans 9 m. It carries a uniformly distributed load of 10 kN/m, beam weight already
included.
Given Beam Properties:
Area = 8,530 mm2
Depth = 306 mm
Flange Width = 204 mm
Flange Thickness = 14.6 mm
Moment of Inertia, Ix = 145 × 106 mm4
Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200 GPa
1. What is the maximum flexural stress (MPa) in the beam?
A. 107 C. 142
B. 54 D. 71
2. To prevent excessive deflection, the beam is propped at midspan using a pipe column. Find the resulting axial
stress (MPa) in the column
Given Column Properties:
Outside Diameter = 200 mm
Thickness = 10 mm
Height, H = 4 m
Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200
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3. How much is the maximum bending stress (MPa) in the propped beam?
A. 26.0 C. 15.0
B. 17.8 D. 35.6

Answer Key

Solution
Part (1):
wL 2 10(92)
M= =
8 8
M = 101.25 kN ⋅ m

Mc 101.25(1000 2)(306/2)
fb = =
I 145 × 106
fb = 106.84MPa ← answer

Part (2):

( 384EI 48EI )beam ( AE )column

5wL 4 R2 L 3 R2 H
− =

Since Ebeam = Ecolumn = 200 GPa, we can cancel out E from both sides of the equation.
5wL 4 R2 L 3 R2 H
− =
384I 48I A
4 4
5(10)(9 )(1000 ) R (93)(1000 4) R2 (4)(1000 2)
− 2 =
384(145 × 106 ) 48(145 × 106 ) 1
π(2002 − 1802 )
4
5, 891, 702.59 − 104, 741.38R2 = 670.13R2
105, 411.51R2 = 5, 891, 702.59
R2 = 55.89 kN

R2 55.89(1000)
fc = =
A 1
π(2002 − 1802 )
4
fc = 9.36 MPa ← answer

Part (3):
ΣFv = 0
2R1 + R2 = 10(9)
2R1 + 55.89 = 90
R1 = 17.055 kN

M2 = 4.5R1 − 10(4.5)(4.5/2)
M2 = 4.5(17.055) − 101.25
M2 = −24.5025 kN ⋅ m

Mc 24.5025(1000 2)(306/2)
fb = =
I 145 × 106
fb = 25.85 MPa ← answer

Category:
Theory of Structures Structural Analysis Simply Supported Beam Propped Beam Propped Support
Uniform Load Maximum Flexural Stress Maximum Axial Stress Maximum Bending Stress
Beam Deflection
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5/1/23, 11:18 PM Stresses of Hollow Circular Tube Used as a Pole | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering and Construction
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Situation
A 12-m pole is fixed at its base and is subjected to uniform lateral load of 600 N/m. The pole is made-up of hollow
steel tube 273 mm in outside diameter and 9 mm thick.
1. Calculate the maximum shear stress (MPa).
A. 0.96 C. 1.39
B. 1.93 D. 0.69
2. Calculate the maximum tensile stress (MPa).
A. 96.0 C. 60.9
B. 69.0 D. 90.6
3. Calculate the force (kN) required at the free end to restrain the displacement.
A. 2.7 C. 27
B. 7.2 D. 72

Answer Key

Solution
Incoloy alloys - American Special Metals,
VmaxCorp.
OPEN
= 600(12) = 7200 N
Plate, sheet, bar, pipe, tubing, fitting, flange wire americanspecialmetals.com
Mmax = 600(12)(6) = 43, 200 N ⋅ m

π
I= (2734 − 2554 ) = 65, 105, 640.45 mm4
64

Part (1)
1 4(136.5) 4(127.5)
Q= π(136.52 ) ⋅ − 12 π(127.52 ) ⋅
2 3π 3π

Q = 313, 753.5 mm3

VQ 7200(313, 753.5)
fv = =
Ib 65, 105, 640.45(18)
fv = 1.928 MPa ← answer

Part (2)
Mc 43, 200(1000)(136.5)
fb = =
I 65, 105, 640.45
fb = 90.57 MPa ← answer

Part (3)
δdue to force P = δdue to uniform load

PL 3 wL 4
=
3EI 8EI
P 600(12)
=
3 8
P = 2700 N ← answer
5/1/23, 11:20 PM Hollow Circular Beam with Known Cracking Moment | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering and Construction
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Date of Exam: Unknown

Situation
A concrete beam with cross section in Figure CO4-2B is simply supported over a span of 4 m. The cracking moment
of the beam is 75 kN·m.


1. Find the maximum uniform load that the beam can carry without causing the concrete to crack, in kN/m.
A. 35.2 C. 33.3
B. 37.5 D. 41.8
2. Find the modulus of rapture of the concrete used in the beam.

A. 4.12 MPa C. 3.77 MPa
B. 3.25 MPa D. 3.54 MPa
3. If the hallow portion is replaced with a square section of side 300 mm, what is the cracking moment of the new
section in kN·m?
A. 71.51 C. 78.69
B. 76.58 D. 81.11

Answer Key

Solution
Part 1
wL 2
M=
8
w(42)
75 =
8
w = 37.5 kN/m

Part 2
My
fb =
I
75(1000 2)(300)
fb =
1
64
π(6004 − 3004 )
fb = 3.7726 MPa

Part 3
My
fb =
I
M(1000 2)(300)
3.7726 =
1 1
64
π(6004 ) − 12
(3004 )
M = 71.5117 kN ⋅ m

Category:
Working Stress Design concrete Concrete Beam circular beam Hollow Beam Cracking Moment
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5/1/23, 11:21 PM Continuous Beam With Equal Support Reactions | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering and Construction
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Situation
A beam 100 mm × 150 mm carrying a uniformly distributed load of 300 N/m rests on three supports spaced 3 m
apart as shown below. The length x is so calculated in order that the reactions at all supports shall be the same.

1. Find x in meters.
A. 1.319 C. 1.217
B. 1.139 D. 1.127
2. Find the moment at B in N·m.

A. -240 C. -242
B. -207 D. -226
3. Calculate the reactions in Newton.
A. 843.4 C. 863.8
B. 425.4 D. 827.8
5/1/23, 11:21 PM Continuous Beam With Equal Support Reactions | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering and Construction

Answer Key

Solution
ΣFv = 0
3R = 300(2x + 6)
R = 200(x + 3) N

MB = ΣMLeft of B
= 3R − 300(x + 3) (
2 )
x+3
= 600(x + 3) − 150(x + 3)2 N ⋅ m

x
MA = MC = −300x ( )
2
= −150x 2 N ⋅ m

Apply Three-Moment Equation to Span A-B-C
( L )CB
MA LAB + 2MB (LAB + LBC ) + MC LBC + ( )
6Aā 6Ab̄
+ =0
L AB
300(33) 300(33)
−150x 2(3) + 2MB (3 + 3) − 150x 2(3) + + =0
4 4
12MB = 900x 2 + 4050
MB = 75x 2 − 337.5 N ⋅ m

Hence,
MB = MB
600(x + 3) − 150(x + 3)2 = 75x 2 − 337.5
225x 2 + 300x − 787.5 = 0
x = 1.319 m ← answer for Part (1)

MB = 75(1.3192 ) − 337.5
MB = 207 N ⋅ m ← answer for Part (2)

R = 100 [ 2(1.319) + 6 ]
R = 863.8 N ← answer for Part (3)

Category:
Theory of Structures Structural Analysis Continuous Beams Equal Reactions three-moment equation
5/1/23, 11:27 PM Continuous Beam With a Gap and a Zero Moment in Interior Support | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering and Constructi…
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Situation
A beam of uniform cross section whose flexural rigidity EI = 2.8 × 1011 N·mm2, is placed on three supports as shown.
Support B is at small gap Δ so that the moment at B is zero.

1. Calculate the reaction at A.
A. 4.375 kN C. 5.437 kN
B. 8.750 kN D. 6.626 kN
2. What is the reaction at B?
A. 4.375 kN C. 5.437 kN
B. 8.750 kN D. 6.626 kN
3. Find the value of Δ.
A. 46 mm C. 34 mm
B. 64 mm D. 56 mm

5/1/23, 11:27 PM Continuous Beam With a Gap and a Zero Moment in Interior Support | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering and Constructi…
Answer Key

Solution
ΣMto the left of B = 0
3.5RA − 2.5(3.5) (
2 )
3.5
=0
RA = 4.375 kN ← Answer for Part (1)

By symmetry:
RC = RA
RC = 4.375 kN

ΣFV = 0
RB + RA + RC = 7(2.5)
RB = 8.75 kN ← Answer for Part (2)

Δ = Δ uniform load − Δ reaction at B
5wL 4 PL 3
Δ= −
384EI 48EI
5(2.5)(74)(1000 4) 8.75(73)(1000 4)
Δ= −
384(2.8 × 1011 ) 48(2.8 × 1011 )
Δ = 55.83 mm ← Answer for Part (3)

Category:
Strength of Materials Theory of Structures Structural Analysis Beam Deflection Deflection of Beams
Continuous Beams
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5/2/23, 6:21 AM Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Steel Rod to Elongate 1-mm when Subjected to 8,000 kg of Tension Force | CE Board Problem in S…
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Problem
A tensile load of 8000 kg elongates a 1-m long square rod by 1 mm. Steel modulus of elasticity is 2 × 106 kg/cm2.
What is the dimension of a side of the rod?
A. 5 cm C. 2 cm
B. 1 cm D. 4 cm

Answer Key
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Solution
PL
δ=
AE
8, 000(100)
0.1 =
x 2(2 × 106 )
x2 = 4
x = 2 cm ← Answer: [ C ]

Category: Strength of Materials Mechanics of Materials Axial Deformation Tension Rod
5/1/23, 11:31 PM Strength of Temporary Earth Retaining Wall Made from Wooden Planks | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering and Constr…
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Situation
A temporary earth retaining wall consists of wooden plank driven vertically into the ground. The wall is designed to
resist 2.4 m height of soil.
Given the following:
Cross-sectional dimensions of the plank = 300 mm wide × 75 mm thick
Allowable bending stress of the plank = 10.4 MPa
Allowable shear stress of the plank = 0.8 MPa
Unit weight of retained soil = 17.3 kN/m3
Active earth pressure coefficient = 1/3
1. Calculate the maximum flexural stress.
A. 12.7 MPa C. 8.6 MPa
B. 14.2 MPa D. 10.1 MPa
2. Calculate the maximum shear stress.
A. 1.11 MPa C. 0.99 MPa

B. 0.33 MPa D. 0.77 MPa
3. Calculate the minimum thickness of the plank to prevent failure.

A. 90 mm C. 110 mm
B. 80 mm D. 100 mm

Answer Key

Solution
For every 300 mm width perpendicular to the drawing
Fa = ( 12 Ka γH 2 ) (0.3)
Fa = [ 12 ( 13 )(17.3)(2.42)] (0.3)
Fa = 4.9824 kN

Vmax = R = Fa
Vmax = 4.9824 kN

Mmax = M = 0.8Fa
Mmax = 0.8(4.9824)
Mmax = 3.985 92 kN ⋅ m

Maximum Bending Stress
6M
fb =
bd 2
6(3.985 92)(1000 2)
fb =
300(752 )
fb = 14.17 MPa ← [ B ] answer for part 1
Maximum Shear Stress
3V
fv =
2bd
3(4.9824)(1000)
fv =
2(300)(75)
fv = 0.332 MPa ← [ B ] answer for part 2

Minimum thickness of plank to prevent failure
From part (1)
(fb = 14.17 MPa) > (Fb = 10.4 MPa) ← failed in bending

From part (2)
(fv = 0.332 MPa) < (Fv = 0.8 MPa) ← passed in shear

To prevent failure, increase the thickness of the plank according to bending
6M
Fb =
bd 2
6(3.985 92)(1000 2)
10.4 =
300d 2
d = 87.55 mm

Use d = 90 mm ← [ A ] answer for part 3

Category:
Strength of Materials Geotechnical Engineering Earth Retaining Wall Wooden Plank
Maximum Flexural Stress Maximum Shear Stress Thickness of Plank
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5/1/23, 11:32 PM Safe Dimensions of the Notch at a Joint of a Timber Truss | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering and Construction
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Situation
The truss shown in is made from timber Guijo 100 mm × 150 mm. The load on the truss is 20 kN. Neglect friction.
Allowable stresses for Guijo:
Compression parallel to grain = 11 MPa
Compression perpendicular to grain = 5 MPa
Shear parallel to grain = 1 MPa

1. Determine the minimum value of x in mm.
A. 180 C. 160
B. 150 D. 140
2. Determine the minimum value of y in mm.
A. 34.9 C. 13.2
B. 26.8 D. 19.5
3. Calculate the axial stress of member AC in MPa.

A. 1.26 C. 1.57
B. 1.62 D. 1.75

Answer Key

Solution
From the FBD of Joint C

ΣFV = 0
2(
√ 89 )
5
F = 20
F = 2√ 89
‾ kN
‾‾

Axial Stress on Member AC
2√ 89
‾ (1000)
‾‾
σ AC =
150(100)
σ AC = 1.258 MPa ← [ A ] answer for part 3

From the FBD of Joint A


ΣFH = 0
8
FH = F
√ 89
(2√ 89
‾)
8
FH = ‾‾
√ 89
FH = 16 kN

For Minimum Length of x
The failure plane is section M-M. Mode of failure is shearing parallel to grain of the bottom chord.

FH = Allowable Shear Parallel to Grain × Area of Section M-M
FH = τA
16(1000) = 1(100x)
x = 160 mm ← [ C ] answer for part 1

For Minimum Length of y
The failure plane is section N-N. Mode of failure is bearing. For the bottom chord, the bearing is parallel to
grain and for the top chord, the bearing is at an angle θ to the grain. The critical bearing is the one that is at
an angle to grain, hence, top chord.

For allowable bearing strength at surface N-N, use Hankinson's Formula:

Fc Fc⊥
Fn =
2
Fc sin θ + Fc⊥ cos2 θ
11(5)
Fn =
11(
√ 89 )
+ 5(
√ 89 )
2 2
5 8
979
Fn = 119
MPa

FH = Allowable Bearing Stress × Area of Section N-N
FH = Fn A
979
16(1000) = 119
(100y)
y = 19.45 mm ← [ D ] answer for part 2

Category:
Timber Design Truss Connection Notching on Truss Hankinson's Formula Shear Parallel to Grain
Compression at an Angle to Grain
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5/1/23, 11:33 PM Maximum Stress of Truss Member Due to Moving Loads | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering and Construction
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Situation
The bridge truss shown in the figure is to be subjected by uniform load of 10 kN/m and a point load of 30 kN, both
are moving across the bottom chord

Calculate the following:
1. The maximum axial load on member JK.
A. 64.59 kN C. -64.59 kN
B. -63.51 kN D. 63.51 kN
2. The maximum axial load on member BC.
A. 47.63 kN C. -47.63 kN
B. -74.88 kN D. 74.88 kN
3. The maximum compression force and maximum tension force on member CG.
A. -48.11 kN and 16.36 kN
B. Compression = 0; Tension = 16.36 kN

C. -16.36 kN and 48.11 kN
D. Compression = 48.11 kN; Tension = 0

Answer Key

Solution
Member JK
Equation to use: ΣMC = 0
Location of Unit Load = Point C

ab 8(8)
U JK = − =−
Ld 16(8 sin 60∘ )
U JK = −√ 3‾/3

Influence Diagram for Member JK

FJK = 10 [ 12 (16) (−√ 3
‾/3)] + 30 (−√ 3
‾/3)
FJK = −63.51 kN ← [ B ] answer for part 1

Member BC
Equation to use: ΣMJ = 0
Location of Unit Load = Point B

ab 4(12)
U BC = + =
Ld 16(8 sin 60∘ )
U BC = √ 3
‾/4

Influence Diagram for Member BC

FBC = 10 [ 12 (16) (√ 3
‾/4)] + 30 (√ 3
‾/4)
FBC = 47.63 kN ← [ A ] answer for part 2

Member CG
Equation to use: ΣFV = 0

Location of Unit Load = Point B (Within the Section)
a
U CGv = −
L
4
U CG sin 60∘ = −
16
U CG = −√ 3
‾/6

Location of Unit Load = Point C (Outside the Section)
b
U CGv = +
L
8
U CG sin 60∘ =
16
U CG = √ 3
‾/3

Influence Diagram for Member CG

y = √3‾/3 − (−√ 3 ‾/6) = √ 3
‾/2
x−8 4
= → x = 32/3
√3
‾/3 √3‾/2

Maximum Compression Force:
FCG = 10 [ 12 (16 − 32
3 ) (−√ 3‾/6)] + 30 (−√ 3‾/6)
FCG = −16.36 kN

Maximum Tension Force:
FCG = 10 [ 12 ( 323 ) (√ 3
‾/3)] + 30 (√ 3
‾/3)
FBC = 47.63 kN

Answer for part 3 = [ C ]

Category: Structural Analysis Theory of Structures Influence Lines for Truss Moving Loads
‹ Influence Lines for Trusses up

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5/1/23, 11:34 PM Truss With Tension-Only Diagonals | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering and Construction
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Situation
Diagonals BG, CF, CH, and DG of the truss shown can resist tension only.

If W = 3 kN and P = 0, find the following:
1. the force in member CF.
A. 4.76 kN C. 4.67 kN
B. 4.32 kN D. 4.23 kN
2. the force in member BF.
A. 3.2 kN C. 3.4 kN
B. 3.3 kN D. 3.5 kN
3. the force in member DH.
A. 2.8 kN A. 2.5 kN
B. 2.8 kN D. 2.7 kN

Answer Key

Solution
Reaction at B

ΣME = 0
7.5RB = 3(1.5) + 4.5(3) + 2.25(3)
RB = 3.3 kN

Section Through M-M

ΣFV = 0
CFV = RB
CF sin 45∘ = 3.3
CF = 3.3√ 2
‾ kN tension
CF = 4.67 kN tension ← [ C ] answer for part 1

At Joint B


ΣFV = 0
BF = RB
BF = 3.3 kN compression ← [ B ] answer for part 2

Section Through N-N

ΣFV = 0
DG V + 3 = RB
DG(4/5) + 3 = 3.3
DG = 0.375 kN tension

From Joint D

ΣFV = 0
DH + (4/5)DG = 3
DH + (4/5)(0.375) = 3
DH = 2.7 kN tension ← [ D ] answer for part 3

Category: Engineering Mechanics Analysis of Truss Counter Diagonals
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5/1/23, 11:35 PM 3-Panel Truss with Flexible Cables Used as Diagonals | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering and Construction
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Situation
Flexible cables BE and CD are used to brace the truss shown below.

1. Determine the load W to cause a compression force of 8.9 kN to member BD.
A. 7.80 kN C. 26.70 kN
B. 35.64 kN D. 13.35 kN
2. Which cable is in tension and what is the tensile reaction?
A. BE = 12.58 kN C. BE = 6.29 kN
B. CD = 6.29 kN D. CD = 12.58 kN
3. If W = 20 kN, what will be the tensile reaction of member CE?

A. 6.67 kN C. 0
B. 13.33 kN D. 10 kN

Answer Key

Solution

ΣMF = 0
12RA = 4W
RA = W/3

Part 1 (FBD = 8.9 kN):
ΣME = 0
8( 13 W) = 4FBD
8
3
W = 4(8.9)
W = 13.35 kN Answer: [ D ]

Part 2:
ΣFV = 0
FBE sin 45∘ = 1
3
W
FBE sin 45∘ = 1
3
(13.35)
FBE = 6.29 kN Answer: [ C ]

Part 3 (W = 20 kN):
ΣMB = 0
4FCE = 4( 13 W)
4
4FCE = 3
(20)
FCE = 6.67 kN Answer: [ A ]

Category: Engineering Mechanics Analysis of Truss Counter Diagonals
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5/2/23, 6:16 AM Ultimate Moment and Number of Bars of Simply Supported Concrete Beam | CE Board Problem in Structural Engineering

Engineering and Con…

AL ONE STEEL ENT. INC.

Date of Exam: May 2016

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Number of 16-mm bars:

ρ = 0.00492 > ρmin

H Beam Wide flange I beam

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Mmidspan = 75(5 − x) − 15(5) ( )

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2. What is the maximum tensile stress at the base in MPa?

3. What is the maximum shearing stress in the pole in MPa?

Bending stress at the base

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2. The total reaction at B.

3. The vertical reaction at C.

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Subject: Structural Engineering and Construction

3. Calculate the reaction (kN) at the added support.

R = 161.25 kN ← Answer for Part (3)

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Date of Exam: November 2018

Subject: Structural Engineering and Construction

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( 384EI 48EI )beam ( AE )column

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Mmax = 600(12)(6) = 43, 200 N ⋅ m

Date of Exam: Unknown

2. Find the modulus of rapture of the concrete used in the beam.

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2. Find the moment at B in N·m.

= 600(x + 3) − 150(x + 3)2 N ⋅ m

₱2,239 ₱2,495 ₱3,495 ₱6,395

Date of Exam: Unknown

2. What is the reaction at B?

RA = 4.375 kN ← Answer for Part (1)

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A. 1.11 MPa C. 0.99 MPa

3. Calculate the minimum thickness of the plank to prevent failure.