4213242304673158

05/24

Vibhu Upadhyay

Energy, Force and Work

INTRODUCTION
ENERGY
The energy has many forms of existence in nature or in space and can
transform from one form to another. It may transfer itself from one object to
another but energy is essentially never destroyed.
The energy is the primary source of power that helps in maintaining the
never ending cycle of the creation, maintenance, existence, destruction and
regeneration of everything that constitutes this earth, planets, universe,
multiverse, unlimited galaxies, other heavenly bodies and beyond.
The complex nuclear or molecular level exhibits energy that helps in creation
of objects.
There are various kinds of energies like chemical energy, mechanical energy,
heat energy, light energy, electrical energy, electromagnetic energy,
electrostatic energy, hydro energy, solar energy, wind energy etc.
The energy propagates through various mediums to sustain life and its
various forms.
For example, mechanical energy from turbines gets converted to electrical
energy that is supplied through complex system of wires and transformers
that finally reaches our homes or industries. This electrical energy can be
used to light a bulb to provide light energy or can be used to rotate a fan
converting electrical energy to mechanical energy and so on.
The energy uses different mediums to cause destructions.
For example, a lighting from sky can burn the forests or volcano can disrupt
life forms in its vicinity. But these things over a period of time causes
different life forms to regenerate too.
All the objects including living being or the non-living being constitute of
energy.
We need energy to perform various kinds of task in our day to day life.
This energy comes from the food we eat and the liquid drinks that we intake
including precious water.
The energy is also used by us to perform our routine task that includes
various work like reading a book, singing, thinking, exercising, dancing,
running, activities that includes labour jobs where a person loads and de-
loads things, cleaning, moving items from one place to another etc.
The energy is the ability or capacity of an object to do work.
But in science, work is only done when one object is displaced from its
original position to its final position using a force and moving in the direction
of force.
It means activities like thinking, singing or talking does not involves
movement of object from one place to another. Therefore displacement of
an object is zero. So, no work is said to be done.
Also, if some object is moved using a force and simultaneously another force
is used to stop this movement of force then the second force is called as
negative force.
Every object is made up of mass and occupies space and thus has energy in it.
The stationary object contains energy due to its position known as potential
energy.
The moving object has energy due to its motion known as Kinetic energy.
The kinetic energy can be obtained if two objects interact with each other
known as contact force or an object interacts with non-contact forces to gain
motion.
When energy is applied on an object, force gets generated as a by-product of
energy.
The force has limited power as is applied by the energy.
When force is generated, it is obstructed by other forms of energy too that
are present in the system along with that energy, which created that force.
The action between the force and other such obstructing energies reduces
actual force applied on an object.
The reduction of power in actual or the initial force applied, thus reduces
object’s overall energy to complete an action.
When an action is done by applied force that leads to displacement of an
object or objects in the direction of the applied force then work is said to be
done.
Every object has mass and occupies space.
When a force is applied on the object, it can change the mass or the space or
both of an object.
Therefore applied force can change the size, shape, direction, position or
displace an object.
Every object has weight that is there due to objects interaction with gravity.
The weight of the object may increase or decrease depending on the increase
or decrease in gravitational force.
The Applied force, Normal force, Gravitational force, Frictional force, Air
resistance force, Spring force, Tension force, Muscular force, Nuclear Force,
Hydro force, Electrostatic force, Electromagnetic force, Magnetic force etc.
are some of the contact and non-contact forces.
The conversion of energy of a stationery object takes place when the
stationary object is moved from its state of rest in the direction of the force
applied.
Energy is required to overcome other different types of other energy forces
that comes in to action as soon as force is applied on an object before an
object may displace.
There are various kinds of forces acting on an object; they are gravitational
force, frictional force, air resistance etc.
Every object contains energy in its mass.
When two such objects interact with each other, a form of energy called
force is developed which displaces the object the direction of motion of the
object.
So, technically force is applied when an object is displaced from its original
position to another position with respect to time.
The object is displaced from his initial position known as state of rest of the
object to its final position which has happened due to the motion of the
object.
Isaac Newton gave three laws based on the relation between object, work
energy and force.

Force applied on an object causes its mass to accelerate and thus leads to
displacement of an object.
We are supposed to do work.
Our day to day activities include lot of task that may or may not require
movement of an object from one place to another.
The activities like thinking, reading, talking, and singing, staring or sitting idle
are some of the activities that are not regarded as work in science though in
reality we assume that we have done work.
Moreover, even if a person hangs a bag pack on his or her back and is
standing or sitting; this too is not regarded as work though a person may feel
tired due to the weight on its back.
Also, if someone is pushing or pulling an object but if the object is not
displaced, work said to be done is zero since no displacement is done even
though we have put lot of effort by utilizing our energy as power to push or
pull the object.
So, work in science is said to be done only, when a force is applied on an
object that makes it move or rather displaces it from its original position to
another position in the direction of the force.
So now you know no matter how hard you are working, work is only done
when,
1. Constant Force is applied on an object.
2. Force makes that object move in the direction of force.
3. And the object finally gets displaced from its original position.
Work Done = Force [F] X Displacement [D] = mgh
Work Done = Force [F] X Mass [M] X Gravity [g] X Displacement [D]
m = mass, g = gravity, h = height
Where
Gravity is calculated as increase in velocity attained by an object due to its
free fall which is 9.8 m/s.
Displacement [D] is the distance of displacement of an object from its initial
position and state to its final position and state.

Work is measured in Joules and is scalar quantity as it has magnitude but no

Therefore,
1 Joule of work is said to be done when a force of 1 Newton displaces an
object to a distance of 1 meter in the direction of the force.

There are non-contact forces that act opposite to the applied force and thus
cause obstruction in the motion and state of an object.
These are called as retarding forces.
The gravitational force acts as a retarding force as it pull every object
towards the centre of the earth.
The frictional force also acts as a retarding force.
The air also resists the motion of the object.
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