Van Pradeep 2 ie Gere ee Ir- Tq Sem()s) c =" A ic a Dimear array wilh n elements This lye finds the Locultor (Lec) of miten invA or sel foc =o if! search is aermuccess Lh, NN LUABEA-P-L-AG-- =e = rR =). (I) Set [=° wud Loca a LY 1M .(® Reped step 24 whale TL N- fo) af (Ale) = = (rem Yn 34 a2 et ® | Hey © Loca | te writs Stem vot ford. Vn ° o}) give Write g TEM fo C- Program Jer Sine sewred : ah eae Void ynalac) bsat. wh ale), f, Hem yn Phe = ~13 hyser crs ' [ . pals (Seley the rusmbers of elemedds I are) 5 scanf (“ va Kr); brivlf (“euler the elemewls of avrey”); forCizes iangite) seonf (MYod",k atin) ; brink f (“exler the number F he searched”) + Bank ( A, tem) 7LN ee eCytad n>? pe TOV! acre eke Tl we CV EleTer eb) Db eompm dem indy 3 gcc >=°) " panel F (Sef d is fend apd", Hem teal}; / “4 else guard een coe is vt J i : P : f ) _ rl +i pnp hodtty -— x fest Cale = 4 [Ad Fist forrtion) Dust pestle] west cases [AI fweraye Case 4 5 bapa dated ete a [let ue) 7 nn a morn) «1 2! ae be Applied fa olf gorled fore): gearch 2— (AUELE, bey,endsmiid item ) Lot 2 Joe 2 ule= y @) set mid= inc wea ewd)/+) G94 Aloid 1a hem thes ; set Boo = mid 2 stom >A Ord) iS piss 37 bey eA 1 : > eee cle gl) find Greet ee “ _ yee 7 tee. cctegems © Sflocs fra pea 1“ * Void maine @ er Etat alee s1, wie, Bc, bey emdywid » Bec = 4, rseva: print # (“eter the size of array”) > a seam) (6 LA Kr); printf (enter elemeals of aga)? fartize77ens I++) recent (1 r-d™) ke atl?) > brinl FC exrler the Hemito he seach”); BS conf (6 .d%, kitem) s beg aa) 2 Cae bey <= od) ends wn-l7 Sct —Cragreel ya 3S wih Cece ULE?asf DN) ee om ee iy (tlem = - a[mid]) v © Noe = mid 5 \ by eaht PF Pring p else if (afmid ] > Hem) ends mid-ly else hege midtl 5 if (doc = =-l) i briy (% Hem 4g not IM avr" )o els 4 : bast (op A is lot position”, thew Lee) ytAc); g c- codtuy using Rawsi ots = Vid veut) € ‘wd ates), iy hey , end, Wiens bs, Wd DinseerA Cost actin, rt int) yscrc)} prin 5 (* How nan etememls in worry) Sconf (“72d fm 7 pronlF ( ewter elements ewray "); fer izes ies itt) seamf (“/.4" Kealil) : ere rn RE nEnREn SEDER ESTs esa h SESSA SEEEESpiwlF (ewer ‘Hom fe he Search ")s saw} (% yd", f Hem) ; bey cos 4: Yel; b= bincearer (a, bey, end, tem ) f(b=>-1) biwlf ( search 46 cuccessful ): else brid # (“4d ic a ded position " Hem loti) Ny gelcht)s 3 tnt Binsearceds (int 04, ‘nl beg iit end, ‘ml item) £ ‘mt RY wid; mid = (bg ¢ end )/25 (bey <= end ) £ ip (a[mid] -=‘tem ) $ tne ston (idl) 5 dy Ms 3 . absesif (Hem So [wid] ) bed = nid tly else evd = mid-l 5 Ra Vinseareh (4, bey , ead, Hem) 5 2 relun (bk)esrfpliily else. Z, yetion €1) 5 Nadeem ei 7 3 feet ac] \ ~ Exp: See sofa) Lis is UU, 2% BS) WE nol: Fret compre dvle th Bd = clemlg 3 Sew us we iv Sis bey c ©, eude Fl =6- mid = (dey cend [re = (oré)le wid = 2. Hen S a (mi dj Be bey- midtl. = HI<4- mid = (4+ 6) [r= ca a [s'] = =erbew ‘item ¢ afmid ) erdc exemia -| = AS, =. hela wid = (by-cend/ f- =(4t4 ie 5 a fi == ytem Se Qc = mG, | Lae jen en fat 3” eeSorting LL * Ieernel Sorlings gp Bist is stored iw prleanyf were then sorting is called ‘wlenal sorting. Exleonall Sorting § Of Let is slored im secondory memere) then sorliny is cabled erclernal sorting. There awe wrawy) yethods of Sowttwy : d) By selection Uy y ‘msertten ah R exchaeg e ™ by meng . Qurble sort? Ga? pn 6 e_ 2 2 ‘ Pass-l : N d as rR «6 in 6 u 2 12 ds 8) Compre Oo » n é ng Le fly ms & Ds i Logs) ! Gas De" ¢ : cm we TM oa % Go u BE Te Pass 122 nM Compr| Aigo: - © Reheat step 2 for Teo te T< (n-1). & Repeat slep abn Je ote J Ath] then ‘ler ¢hanege A(T) Alri Clee vo Chdna S (1) eee. Re dad Gat. Void wreinc) mt alse), 1,0, j,t t 7 sera: brivd f (“4 ealey 7 4 avr] ") Seum$ (fd en) pret - Ffa(teo;icnus i4t) 8 prtt (“enter veleat”)? 7 sorf (6/41, K ati); $eyCicor tiny itt) Sa ee jeniis jr) = ica ffy> aliti) € 42 ffl: alfy= 441); aan A? | 2 ee | 3 ’ | bet (& Sorted arvey Ist \O")/ | fo Cisco s 12M 4 144) prs Coe d\n, ali) ) 4a complercity of Buubbhe Serl s carr pare fass -1 ye yerres = net Pass- 2% ~ 2 mee _ ass (n-n reyerres = mani) = 1 confer? - teadad compare = Iti eRe om ot) = Grim — | Fors ow) } ge Tegehenae zeplsce wilh apl- Selection Sext? procoturei— : facs-l. Find the smadtest im the dest k ne fcc Find the smabeest im Ihe Dist of n-1 elemerr's xe interchane with ald. So Orsi of ® elements facet - Fixd the smallest in the jrtler chang € with am -u). ee 2 ee @ Reped steps @k OO A=° a nou - @ set vim = alt] ond €se =k. @ Roper step @ fer J =Br te wal mine a[7) hb fer 7- @ Of rim > a (47 then a (toc) &e 2 O WWerAovge, a stemb = Lo , af)y = aed, all ase ~ nd ; 6% w vw #8 © fess a 2 ¢ le (3) Is fuss -2 é T Pags - 4 Is I Lr & 3 eS ORT GTIAT 16 5 Fag. eed 9 Ta (ko; hdnu-}s att) & dec = Re Bowmin = alk}: | Fa( je kal 5 Jans jt) é 2 1 If Crin's 97) Reins aff; 3 pt temp = alk} i al) = a [Lec] ‘ a(fec}= temp; 3Comblediy of Selection Srl: us fose-1 -ngeds © v1 compares fags-L Needs ML Comfpecr fuss. 3 neech § n-3 compare pass 14 me yim Cop go Hadad compre needed 2 Carport = = foo) 2) Oa) dee LL oe) ot Gusev on Soytt— —_ fyroceduw i= Pass-l t a [e] by afself 7s orl ed > Oe a is mserted pefere °" af fer al) - i Aerikr aly: a serled. fers ate) is taserted Tete prope PaS in aBIAS 1.e before ata, bel” a pe) end ali) ov «fler (AIDA apy, at, ad 2°¢ sored. fo) cre A ies fs poe pew 24 af, a0), - — a (n-2) - Some APL hd aks) are sorteEnb- Enps— gore as, foe 7 ae 14 pt ee we 26 Fea lll G4 is ey Ba to Zo 2¢ : qq 36 qty Re oS 14 4 ae ry ak 30 | Alge:- 4 cobigres ® set ke=!]- aa 2) bcped steps 346k fr GON ee net) kel te 1-1. © temps afk] 5 |G) set temp 4 [IK] ond j= kel; je kel ithe(enp <7 $=) 9 Pehscd steps @) FAA é afien= abi) 5 | Gebcoth od a) gy, | Q) 5+ pfeanfi ad jedi) 3 © [jd = temp - ea O ext 3Com emt of Tasertion Serle— fess -— | 2 for af repares = © comafpart monk fass- 1 Fev ali | Copper eg ofr (asc 3 Few ARP Lely site Wel laced | So tahal onper regpdreel fFON= aeesse FOTW Foye Ga De Sor = 0 OFF Raden _Sevt f- To sevt idecival number, where vax oy base Ig lo we need 10 peckeels - These peckels are numbered 017273, 4/57 61, 8-4 -. Numbers are Sorted from igh chigit do Bef tight fe- The ywnbers are corled firs aaceardieeg te umit Aigit + On tht Second pass TM hurmbrors are sorbed aceardivy we the tens igtt, Om the thard pass yumbers are Sorl eal According He th Hundreds ligt H soon. Mwmbev of Repirred Passes = No of Ai gals eM. Dacgest number. Fo ovtt yrs vtirg names we need 26 pockels.+ Cre sont Ia, 79, 96s) By IR 6 7% 7 L . argesl ns. Lovyes| no 296.7 dag 19 447% vel no hess vegaved -3 (nef iil 1 (Ulla JL Afler First pass yesulted ist is: 70, 121, U3 2,12, 603, 165) £77 a LJ L/LILILJ Ad y Af ter Se cone ipa donde “tit is; PY IA, 2, MEO O, © 77, 6028 | bi JL rn ity or fh Ls a ba pnd is le IU MBU 77, bbs 46s.void watt) * aut peockel [ie] Le], beck pis], a PRD b “pot, jk Apu, div, Large, pass 1S divels Yuan 29 os ie Vicon poesler"); britf is emler How mer) num eae Ss fr lCises wensitt) Z print F au enter elder)» Aemt l(e LAK atry); 3 Daryl = a [eds Moreland 2 te% 2 if Card » Leogt ) pages ails m while ( Large oo) é yn tts Gorge Seng (03 os poss Zur 9 pes et) yet ) fer ( pass = & fey Chee pesos Prt pucle [PD =? 2 fertiae; oo) 74t) % fe tig /etiv) 7°? on oo ca feck = all) 2confer i- leo; i L0C Reo} Rew kets) fnj2 nA Sal \ Sr lyin. i; ree Gat = runner of den 3 dzos fe pede [8 5 tt) whe = ae \ Vi) = pocket ChI CI; Ise no fdigt uaa Vet41, joe oy wenher of bess _ Je base a7 Re div = bv #105 wort Fe 3 Bev Assame) PAE ( Cotte amg is); So), ARNE i "eCizosteny T4e4 be c dn I | riot FS 7d \ qe, 4[i)); -omy) | be; best Sides 4 | & fq” | AlGe:— | £64 I: Av lg? an Orn the Larges] element of the Ph OG hyn) POE the thee number of Ayets im Garg est mercher, (O Pelecdt Steps YS OL Pfr prss=l for. © Pefecd step Yel fer hoo to 7 4-1 hack [ek] 0; © Reheat slp S+1 fer joo te n-1. SH be (al /div) 1° 7 pocket [Q buckC£] =at, crcl hehe [RI = heck H+) . © Y20 ri DP) kefeck step 1-1 for Roo to 7 Tl G22 aac Repeal Hop br whe FL haby 5 Te Aft = packer ft] fe Te J=t-+4) 4-3 Wichir= ca a . 2 0°94. ect = civ t lo) xrGd orbs cs _ is SE Ta Quick. sort we avidetheorsea List into twe sublists. We choose the “Hem from Dist called bey fren whick. ell thr Left side clemuds are snaller curd al the right gide elements a7 grester Than pay elemeul+ frocess @ Take the first clement of List as Pi): So mee @ Place ke ot proper place am Uist Chay) wit be His proper PRCE @) Great two sublists “lept- od vight side of hey C) Raped the same cess eoTtil/ 200 elements of is are ct proper postHiew an Hist - recess fa placing bey ot proper Peck t= oe key element one by one from right” Yee tron haf the element which has value Q Bart Ae element with ke element. Giese cep will stat jp jhe rn erchoy elemen! position fren Left 7 right forgetting the element whith has Ngher velua then fay - (@) Papas Tho Sanne process unt// bey fs) ot prber plac. ferent“Wd, 9,541, 98, yrs) 14 j atsmellect, 2 wt PB rig. t aft F US we ‘ter hans Me 2 uf 45, Ae i 14, va aT be aa f 2 wh combare if ter aft yp wt 1 vfocehony $4 which ts reader ul LS. ; 59 19740 7 HU conpire from vit 1h es get te. Which 1s Smaller than yd we yar} err x Wr, 4) 24) 8, 42, 1,60, 48, as, 150 S a0y 6F 4 7a canyon “Prom eft jovi which is gredler Thurs ee 4B), 72. 14,04, 8 WY ie. ‘ J Tar ES WEY EL EO SEL e sublist | pe toby Guxck. Sort be hy edhe ser]Qtek Ci Si, UP) sk (set ft = Dow Taaatget ae @ jf Qow > = Up thew tela else seg 3 © hj ep OO. Sa (® Repeat while ALM] S [eye] Ni] owed a # righk sig fos right -| zy yrO ; ® 9 bey = oight then 6-4 Alby] > ALY YAT] thes Acvgit] bg ASI sem = Aces] , A[hegl= onc sot hey 2 wight, &a gg. OG bet while Ah Actet] od bg Lefts Reftt: @ af bye Deft then gee ai ©4f Alb) < Al Leff) thes werchong ACH) cud A Left) by Hg mp) = te f tem = Ateild aguiebied Griter chon ye A keg] }aesf A [right | Avight]-teb +: Left. acafi)- A [ed set bay bf. Ze call Quiche Gay Low, big 1 i), enh Bee Up). @) Ext ona, ere eae nae CTT a gyaiyisd Ose ae re it ee oe reo a ? | Te). rey 7 ont ad +1074) 2 ert ENT: 5 Cn cording fy” Quiche = "l# Void macs wi? aed, n3; Wh dade Cnt ¢3, arty nt) chserg; RTF (E etter sige of array” )- reef pd faye a” Fadizo3 Fenyiny Sry (“enter value ™)s seep Ord ath); Weick (a, O, 7-1); Prvtl (* sated array ie 2"); fer lize: jens te) Print f (7.4 ary pidge Pas atin) ; _ naan) alt — TD a a cual + oe ae (ca tA — x 00%) = #00) : Came Darl Atek Cint acy, Law, apo) le hie } Feat by, Left, vi ght, temp * Dupeatian t= Low; eX rR ee yight = ab; Lacunmed, rege Left ee pdidlion if (Low >= Up) ; xctarn 5 whi G) 2 ihe (a [reg] Z afin] hb ay 12 right) zi i rigat -15 Hg rigd J enk 5 i ¢“5 ( apy) > 4 Cried] ) eape afvighl] afi ) - a bey] afb) tena; Yay 2 right 5 wat Cafbey) ? aca] Ae bgt? = oft 3 uf cays MH) rate) £: a[att)) g demp= alles] 2 Alpes] = alt t] j a (eft) - temps bag = Left ; 5 ich Ca, Low, kiy-t) 3 Buice (A, big H, vp); 3 Conley 3 lice So “lay List is Wr. Left) serteef New worst ease “occurs » Thon First elemet will repre N Lomi sev to recognize Wied I remains “tn the first position - Purtier more, Tht fist sublist will he emjoty, but the second gaklict will i, MA ClemeAs. Pecorder [tae second elemerdt wil] Loh M-1 combari sens ve yeC0 mr 3¢ Thad 4 oernerérs hy Te Second besitien. AvA 66 an So fell Compare seyret fOl= nen enve——4) = OMT ce yt = vr 1 “Eee =o)| ¥ Avery case conppllvetly 2 \ On th quty 4 € cach medulion eer f ihe apitin \ | : “Kuo Aulblist. Accordinaly ’— | a produce Aw A WO praderct fun ables, *O Reduce Witte Lst place Lele bro slp ay , So Faikt Lelemeet 13 plactel Y-l four % Pecluce we Audlists plac 2 elenonls kb Audhlisk. actA ela 3 steht tL22 elemenb are Wf 7 “toned SHeh@® ~ Pocluce four rwybhsls pet 4 Produk & sdfsts. Setotel 344 =7 elemols ane jlactal Z-1=7 Duhfyese we aceA k-atep fa play Nn elemeats TA _ Poy =h gre nt) By E = My Cr) ge My, wal fer each Che), ynardimun Comfpars nuded ~4, Se far R Stebs Falak compare nevdlecf Fej= Ny Ly, Gry : Greve hy, ( fore n leq n | Fer= OC Gm a |. aMerge Sov! :- Ue? nu?) o 4 ° ° : Of the Lisl is of 0 ov | element then it is abrealy sovied, olherwise, Q) devide the unsorted Ls, two saindis of er into half the sige. 6) Sort each subLisl yeuursively. (i merge the two sublists back a ge sorted Sst. oe 34, AT, 43, 3,4, 9% 12 wid 2 Ot 23 38,2 HS gr meVge sorts smergesort int acy, int Dow, int high ) E ant mid; Codi| ¥ if (low & high) © wid = = (low-thigh hy Yrerge sort (4, Dow, mid); 4 Mmorgesot (a, mid tl, thigh); e (4, few, high, wid) 5 £3 merge Cit acy, it Dow yivt hiyh, ivt mid ) é it 4, fk, CL; Z = Lows | Je mid 415 | ke Low 5 ens ida err Kh re - nigh] fap (ati xa (71) 2 cfkle att; hat} Let 3 else 2 hes aff); jet; 2 katy % ea |f while Ci? hewn as thee ; Aer. g The It t le) = leit Tey) 2 at thly) tor) = ae b+ Te) Th)+3 4 7 O72 yr "(e ” =) x %, me 2 Te 4” [Ter in +) TH) fo o( fay w) gj er a ifere + Alef it pete Mery sett an42(% 42th), cuayte4r fly) } sntnta(h rat) euemtnt £7E) Saffese GAB ste nadell b hearnel th) ’ 2 1 =) eho he Gs l =) io ete 1? TON= NEAT ae) I< Rte OOM?) Perry aa a© Avhasking 4 ue ' ay it Ihe record fer a ke value(k} is hie : ed b caboubativy ‘the addyess a iy alin Jasin hash functor. ne ose there are nelements. which aré tb ‘mn hash Table o| sig “Mm” where Mz fn Cement with be value *k wAdll be pur of hesh table if where h(k) 1s hash fonction f dently hash fundten shoul esol tn a vgs syalne when al plted te bay: gust this Ty Pe of hash fonction ont prectihhy available, 4h pee possible that (ei) my be sume as h(a). Tals vis cabled cdtision k Ry gard ka Ave Called syray ()Diision_methel ¢ do M shawl ebe choser coef ly. Mchoutd net be power ef 19C itor, jo00) because “f ‘more @dd Rey? then yore ead nadresses k Jess ever + address [Not - uniform] Ore be non -prime O ess than (4: of M should be Sarge eslered ‘M clot 4 u poled vin-fomly . not divisi Le by po ne TuymbereOO ___———— : v i Te mia sunve_wethod® 4, js methed ny bt SpHared audi bertton of spared velue fs § 4 : 5 Exp: Subpose ihe y altgtt address is genera from Polisi bays, Pou, gag, Rey. 3271 a RS 10694 4y) or 4 | © Tearcaton yethed i Here we take onhy ale the key as address, "t can he some wight rest digit Lptmost digit. Let us take some 9 aint hays. §23quG, IU BaqHes, Her YTqae Now we com take the number of right most cligits or eftmne st Aigtts based mthe Si3Z¢ of hash table . Safppos e table STZ 7s loo then tehe thy 2 vigth ines aigit-s fr getting the hash table address. a) address will be 61,68, Thad - 4) Fade method : Salphose we hawt P chigtt beys. from which ~ digit address are to be yenertted, dn this methed the eltgits of 4 buy are portion inte group ef y Heit from the vighh “These grep are: added andthe right most g digits of the Sa 1 SSS See RO d= cap ay NP. aqi’ gs selleabed asthe address. th she ox m se f chavacler keg we replace the Chavadcler With ther Ascl values. y23. ke 3g ua 8 ee a ee righ 4 o + cE ‘ mae - mest 3 aty ner oO cat ey oot he) fa_Sies Ach nether” () PBhethe diovel port : a ’ @ multiply Haaren: part wath sit] BS" Us G Take the Toteger Pot oi rl a ‘ie 4 hash address 4 hey:Eibe- Let dig tahe the Mys as SoA pan pent ond table Sie 41. 123 *482h, 74. 463, y-0240 OBA aT = Pe 4137 Oo Ue axad = . TO = 44e 4li 6 824M 97 = 2.0406 hh (ha-erry 2 yy h Clt4eay = 44 A(orqdy = 4% Collision : Conffiel Resoudton Techni ges : There are two vnethod fer confotct yesoslictton t C1 Obem addres sing CM Chaieriin In open addressing om empty position ts found out within the hash table ‘itself oud Th new “hey ig msexted in that empl posite An chetteaing method the synonyms aye placed ‘im Girned Gist ‘odes of Siaked ist nay be aillocebed from Some space putside the hash table, hen, Babee Dineny probvg ) Linen W Aaadrattc proving: g ahislmethed ifer 9 Adres 4, dhev hashed Fn, | foceke the firey In Dimes bro bin d= (gti) */o M where ‘I=1, 233) ---- - che matin chisadvardage of the LEnear probing Jecnipee is Chusteriny problem. when half the table Fc full then itis Ae[ftoalt Ao flad empty post tom hm hash table Tm ease of collision. Searching will also heceme Slow: becuase Tt will go for Lenear searchit I Will Search 7,74, 44 Pt5,--—- — Bad vate prabing « 9a Quadratic preding + Search Locatien deGr iT) 7 where Fo23/5 = ‘So tt wil] Seerch the Locettons 4, pth, jt, Fat, - ue So it will Aeerease the preblew of cfustering beh J: Aeaxeb. this dechniqne can not search all tht Locdio where Mis Sige of Axshtable, hip= jem. : Le} us take Some alemenis A-tarle stye Il. Quadrctic Prebim 2419, 431% 36/257 4 Gu, Posh Ae tg aed HeN=sahna7 fey ie VO Wa) WaT HQO) = 18 7-1 = Te WE HUS)= (9r- actlision M807 Bo ESE | GS Wares 8 Aus yells 18 St HY) Uae) Hl HG3)= 437012 | s collision Hao) = tehilz te etisionZ Hde)= Geren) =t8 HO) = (ot) Pleo 79 Ate Uetrht . RQd= HWo) = Heel = ie MGs) 18 A4s Sue le on ae Hed: Yes = 2 HG4) = Gat 20 a ua ee 7 hi iB HSA) = (Sard) le °r - © Double Mashing: pis methed repre dune hash Sucttens. The fonction hy Qe) wgeck as preter fumclton - Hf address general ed hg hye) 48 already aceubhed by a keg then Second hash functt eth Fg atsed ote corel the ancrement ta be added Ae the address oltained b iy (ke) 7 hkl=h , b= AS [hel A (hth!) f m | ; Wow we will gearch the Locatton be Athy han, hasal,-— — AM pve we Second ‘hash fund on chetd not 1 ber vale. ae Bey 2/013 he We (hey yt) oe Mert prab will be (bt hi) 2/o(% where 13 Ts SUC of trle Exp:- 8,580 48 68 FH |__ b= ArEB)/=& = —t nese Ss 71D) = 2 B fe a ph Udd= 48 713) = 9 oH h69)2. (697-1) =2 eolliston tela h@)= (ore # (ie raya) “103 i fe = Gta) 1-2 lo S 12f — ne U1) cham of ellemenls witli he method wadiortdine The Ey cart take tha H have same hagh address. e@ hash table as am array af poiralers . Ei = > }-S-—- Here each poiwter wif! point te one Linked Dist and the elements which have same Llish hagh address will be amarwtauned ‘iu ’ : 4 Nodes ave dhored outside the space separa ehainlyy* table so this ts called peso hy “ge partie chaining § 6 clemenls Will be ve shad inode & wt hey; Jyh no a net ; % ¥ Expi- Leb 351 Urasy Ty TOON = 47h mash, ys, oy WTO ME | hide RO ne) Debi Ss GsThe main Msadvetage ots WOE AG eC rv Sprce-fu ease where recards oe Le 7 Small or Contains only Roy then Gin k. poot For 2 ee an SMinked Bist $C Hy Space in hash tales will be wastage aie specks