California State University Northridge

College of Engineering and Computer Science

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Experiment #11: System Sensitivity

Nov. 9, 2018
ECE 480 Lab
Professor: Ruting, Jia
Group:
Franklin Duncan
Josh Huber
Introduction:
Equipment Used:

Calibration
Type Model Serial No.
Date

DC Power supply E3630A

Function HP
Generator 33120A

Hp54600
Oscilloscope
B

Fluk8010
DMM
A

Parts Used:

Compone
QTY Value Type
nt

100K, 1000,
1 Resistor
922

1 Inductor 10 mH

1 Capacitor 100 uF, 47 uF

Introduction:
A k controlled feedback system has an adjustable 3db frequency response based on
the gain of the amplifier ‘“k”.
Theory:
The total system transfer function was found for each of the circuit values listed in table
1-1. The circuit was then modeled by a summing amplifier, a non-inverting amplifier, an
inverting amplifier, and a differentiator circuit (Figure 1-2).
1
K
RC
Total transfer function open circuit:
1
s+
RC
1
K
RC
Total transfer function closed circuit:
1
s+ +K
RC
Procedure and Results:
The circuit displayed in figure 1-3 was simulated in Pspice for each of the parameters
listed in table 1-1, and displayed based on the corresponding circuit number. The total
transfer functions were plotted in Matlab using the Bode function and the results are
displayed in figure 1-8. The circuits were then built and tested in the lab and the
resulting oscilloscope displays are displayed in figures 1-9 through figures 1-13. The
experimental values for voltage magnitude at the frequency were recorded in table 1-3
and plotted in excel (figure 1-14).
Figure 1-1

Single order k controlled feedback circuit

Table 1-1
Experimental circuit number K value Resistor value System type Total transfer function

1 2 1kohm Open loop 20000 Figure 1-4

s +10000
2 2 1kohm Closed loop 20000 Figure 1-5
s +30000
3 4 1.2kohm Open loop 33333 Figure 1-6
s +8333
4 4 1.2kohm Closed loop 33333 Figure 1-7
s +41666

Circuit values

Figure 1-2

Summing amp Inverting amplifier Differentiator circuit

Circuit types with design parameters.

Figure 1-3

Design circuit

Figure 1-4
Open loop Pspice simulation with K=2 and R=1k.

Figure 1-5

Closed loop Pspice simulation with K=2 and R=1k.

Figure 1-6

Open loop Pspice simulation with K=4 and R=1.2k.

Figure 1-7
Closed loop Pspice simulation with K=4 and R=1.2k.

Figure 1-8

Matlab Bode plot for K=2, R-1k open loop. Matlab Bode plot for K=2, R-1k closed loop.

Matlab Bode plot for K=4, R=1.2k open loop. Matlab Bode plot for K=4, R=1.2k closed loop.

Matlab bode plots

Figure 1-9
Oscilloscope displays for K=2 R=1k open loop.

Figure 1-10

Oscilloscope displays for K=2 R=1k closed loop.

Figure 1-11

Oscilloscope displays for K=4 R=1.2k open loop.

Figure 1-12
Oscilloscope displays for K=4 R=1.2k closed loop.

Table 1-3

Oscilloscope output values for voltage and frequency.

Figure 1-14

Excel plots for three different circuits

Results:
The systems without feedback has an output that is the product of the input amplified.
The systems with feedback has an output that is approximately equal to the input and
therefore more stable. There is a slight frequency shift of the 3dB cutoff between the
open and the closed systems. Additionally, with a higher K value the systems 3dB cutoff
frequency has a steeper slope. This will stabilise the system faster.
The closed loop feedback circuit experienced too much gain when the feedback
signal was invented due to the miss match in 1kohm resistors. For this reason the non-
inverting amplifier was switched to an inverting amplifier, which allowed us to feed the
signal into the summing amplifier without inverting it. Since the signal was sinusoidal,
the results were not affected by the one-hundred and eighty degree phase shift.

Conclusion:
A K controlled feedback system can be modified by increasing the K to increase the
frequency shift and bring the system to stability faster. The drawback would be if the K
is selected incorrectly, or without plotting the root locus, it will bring the system on to
the imaginary axis or to the right hand plain; thus creating instability.