S. No. Time Specific objectives Content matter A.V.

Aids evaluation

1 1 Min To introduce self I am Shailja Thakur student of M. Sc Nursing 1st year in Chitkara ------- -------
School Of Health Sciences. Today I am going to discuss with you
an important topic i.e. Hypertension.
2 1min To check the Do you have any idea about Hypertension?
previous
knowledge
3 2min Definition of Hypertension Lecture Define
Hypertension Hypertension is defined by persistently elevated arterial blood Hypertension.
pressure. Elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

4 2min To discuss about Causes Flashcard Explain the

the causes of 1. Primary HTN: it is the elevation in BP without an causes of
hypertension identified cause. hypertension.
2. Secondary HTN: It is the elevation in BP with an exact
cause. This type is account for 5-10% of total cases. The
causes of Secondary HTN includes
 Congenital narrowing of aorta
 Renal disease
 Endocrine disorders like Cushing’s syndrome

5 2min To discuss about Risk Factors Flashcard Define risk

risk factors  Age: chance of CAD after 50 yrs of age factors of
 Alcohol hypertension.
 Smoking and DM
 Excessive dietary intake of sodium
 Gender
  Family history
6 3min To discuss about Sign and Symptoms Charts Explain sign and
sign and symptoms symptoms of
of hypertension  Blurred vision hypertension.
 Dizziness
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Fatigue
 Confusion epistaxis
 Chest pain
7 2min To discuss about Treatment Flash card What do you
definition of Mainly the management of hypertension is possible by two ways, understand by
Protein and which include protein and its
sources.  Life style modification sources?
 Pharmacological therapy
Lifestyle Modification:-The life style modification measures
mainly includes:-
 Weight reduction
 DASH Diet (Dietary approaches to stop hypertension)
 Dietary sodium reduction
 Reduce alcohol
 Exercise
 Stress management

8 2min To discuss about Pharmacological management Chart What do you

pharmacological Various groups of drugs are used for the treatment of understand by
management hypertension, collectively these drugs are called as anti- management of
hypertensive drugs, which includes:- hypertension?

 Diuretics: it helps the kidneys to inhibit the sodium

reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules, ascending
 limb and loop of henle. Eg: chlorothiazide, furosemide

 Beta blockers: These medications reduce the workload of

the heart and blood vessel and causing the heart to beat
slowly and with less force. Eg: Atenolol, propranolol 
Alpha blockers: These medications causes the peripheral
vasodilation of blood vessels. Eg: Prazosin

 Vasodilators: These medications acting directly on the

muscles in the wall of arteries and preventing the muscles
from tightening and arteries from narrowing. Eg: Nitro-
glycerine, Sodium nitro prusside  ACE Inhibitors: This
group of medication will reduce the conversion of A-I to
A-II and prevents vasoconstriction. Eg: Captopril,
Ramipril

 Calcium channel blockers: These medicines will block the

movement of extra cellular calcium into the cells and
causing vasodilation and decreased heart rate. Eg:
Amlodipine, Verapamil
9 2min To discuss about Health education Chart Explain dietary
health education Dietary Changes and blood pressure changes and
Making changes to what you eat can help to control high blood blood pressure?
pressure
Reduce sodium (salt) — Reducing the amount of sodium you
consume can lower blood pressure if you have high or borderline-
high blood pressure.

The main source of sodium in the diet is the salt contained in

packaged and processed foods and in foods from restaurants.

The body requires a small amount of sodium in the diet, and most
people consume more sodium than they need (over 3 grams per
day). A low-sodium diet contains fewer than 2.4 grams (2400
milligrams) of sodium per day. Although the ideal target for daily
sodium intake remains controversial, the optimal goal is less than
1500 mg per day. For most adults with hypertension, however, a
1000 mg per day reduction in serum sodium intake (compared
with current intake) can help reduce your blood pressure.

Reduce alcohol — Drinking an excessive amount of alcohol

increases your risk of developing high blood pressure. People
who consume more than two drinks per day have an increased
risk of high blood pressure compared with non-drinkers.

Eat more fruits and vegetables — Adding more fruits and

vegetables to your diet may reduce high blood pressure or protect
against developing high blood pressure. A strict vegetarian diet
may not be necessary.

Eat more fibre — Eating an increased amount of fibre may

decrease blood pressure. The recommended amount of dietary
fibre is 20 to 35 grams of fibre per day. Many breakfast cereals
are excellent sources of dietary fibre.

Eat more fish — Eating more fish may help to lower blood

pressure, especially when combined with weight loss.

Caffeine — Caffeine may cause a small rise in blood pressure,

although this effect is usually temporary. Drinking a moderate
amount of caffeine (less than 2 cups of coffee per day) does not
increase the risk of high blood pressure in most people.

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Eating

 plan — The DASH eating plan combines many of the
interventions. It is high in fruits and vegetables, low-fat dairy, and
fibre. Patients who strictly follow the DASH eating plan can also
have fairly significant reductions in blood pressure, particularly
when combined with a low-sodium diet.
Exercise
Regular exercise such as walking or running (75 minutes per
week of strenuous activity or 150 minutes per week of moderate
activity) can lower your blood pressure, even if you don't lose
weight. To maintain this benefit, you must continue to exercise;
stopping exercise will allow your blood pressure to become high
again.
Weight loss and blood pressure
Being overweight or obese increases your risk of having high
blood pressure, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. A person is
considered overweight if their BMI is greater than 25, while a
person with a BMI of 30 or greater is classified as obese. People
who are overweight or obese can see significant reductions in
blood pressure with even modest weight loss.
To lose weight, you must eat fewer calories and exercise more.

10 1 Min Summarization Today we have discussed about Hypertension. In This we ------- ------
discussed about definition, types of hypertension, Etiology and
prevention of hypertension.
11 2 Min Recaptualization Define hypertension. ------- -------

What are the types of hypertension?

Explain Etiology of hypertension?

 Discuss about the prevention of hypertension?

REFERENCES:
 https://www.fhs.gov.hk/english/health_info/woman
 https://www.slideshare.net/DeepakKumarGupta2/hypertension-63582065
 https://www.slideshare.net/yuyuricci/hypertension-126740125
 https://www.medscape.com/answers/241381-7559/what-is-the-definition-of-hypertension-high-blood-pressure
 Brown MJ. Hypertension and ethnic group. Bmj. 2006 Apr 6;332(7545):833-6.
 Adeniyi OV, Yogeswaran P, Longo-Mbenza B, Goon DT. Uncontrolled hypertension and its determinants in patients with concomitant
type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rural South Africa. PloS one. 2016 Mar 1;11(3): e0150033.
Name : Shailja Thakur

Class : M. Sc. Nursing 1st year

Subject : Advance Nursing Practice

Topic name : Hypertension

Group : House Members

No. of group members : 06

Place : Community area ( House no. 157)

A. V. Aids Method of teaching : Lecture and Discussion

Time : 11:30 A. M.

Date : 09 February 2021

Name of the Supervisors : Mr. Gaurav Kohli

(Associate Professor)