Volume 8, Issue 7, July – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Blockchain-based Online Voting System for Ensuring

Secure and Transparent Election
1
Fahmida Yesmin Chowdhury
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract:- The voting system is the medium of selecting voting systems to maintain the authenticity of the system
the appropriate person for any type of election. In the [6]. Therefore, implementing a blockchain-based online
traditional voting system, ballot paper was used to voting system can bring transparency and accountability to
collect the vote from the voters. The voters have to go to the election process.
the Centre to give their votes and many people are
required to work as voting agents in the Centre to II. E-VOTING SYSTEM
organize and manage the election. So, the traditional
voting system required many types of costs to organize Electronic voting systems have become an
an election. Many other problems were raised in the increasingly popular alternative to traditional paper-based
traditional voting system like hijacking the voting voting systems. The e-voting system aims to maintain the
machine, giving the vote of another person, manipulating desirable characteristics of traditional elections while
voting data, etc. Many of these problems are solved by improving their security, usability, and cost-effectiveness
using EVM (Electronic Voting Machine). But the voters [7][8]. Online voting has the potential to decrease
have to go to the voting center to provide their votes but organizational costs and increase voter turnout, but there is
the old-aged voters or the voters who are unable to walk still skepticism regarding its security and reliability [7].
are not able to provide their voted in this system. This Blockchain technology has emerged as a potential
problem can be solved by implementing a secure replacement for traditional electronic voting solutions with
electronic or online based voting system. The Blockchain distributed, non-repudiation, and security protection
is a very popular technology now for storing data characteristics [7]. Decentralized nodes based on blockchain
securely. The simple model of implementing a secure technology are used to produce electronic voting systems
online based voting system by using blockchain mainly because of their end-to-end verification advantages
technology has been shown in this paper which will be [7]. However, e-voting systems, including Direct Routing
able to provide many facilities for all types of voters Electronic (DRE) voting, have a limitation in not providing
making the voting system more secure and faster. end-to-end verifiability requirements [9]. Technical
concerns arise in e-voting systems, such as the security of
Keywords:- Blockchain, E-Voting, Online Voting, Secure governance processes, the security of e-voting software
Voting. against application-level threats, and protection mechanisms
for secure tamper-proof auditing [9]. The trustworthiness of
I. INTRODUCTION voting processes is a major concern in e-voting systems [9].
E-voting systems can achieve better scalability for large
Blockchain technology has the potential to elections and can be designed to provide support to visually
revolutionize online voting systems and ensure secure and impaired users [8]. The study compares traditional and
transparent elections. Many countries, including Russia, digital voting mechanisms [8]. Traditional paper-based
Bangladesh, and China, are already utilizing blockchain elections are considered more secure due to historical
technology for various purposes, such as handling land experience, but recent criticisms of Internet voting have
records and cyber threat mitigation systems [1]. In many focused on risks and ignored benefits [10]. Ultimately, both
underdeveloped countries, blockchain-based voting systems electronic/Internet and paper voting systems have
have the potential to bring transparency and accountability vulnerabilities, and a comparison of different dimensions is
to the election process [2]. The absence of transparency and necessary to determine which system is best suited for
audibility is a major challenge in traditional voting systems, specific situations [10].
but blockchain-based voting systems can bring a solution to
this problem. With a blockchain-based voting system, voters  The Pros and Cons of Online Voting: A Comprehensive
can find direct access to the system, and the mining process Analysis of its Benefits and Drawbacks.
can ensure transparency and restrict any fraudulent activities Online voting is a controversial issue with both
during the election process [3][4]. Additionally, Smart advantages and disadvantages. One of the advantages of
contracts have revolutionized how services such as online voting is that it provides a convenient way for people
electronic voting systems operate and provide a more to participate in the voting process, which could lead to
transparent and accountable service to the users [5]. increased voter turnout. The use of blockchain technology is
Furthermore, blockchain-based cyber threat mitigation another advantage that could enhance the security and
systems can be implemented in conjunction with online transparency of the voting process [11]. However, potential

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Volume 8, Issue 7, July – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
online disadvantages include the possibility of limited III. PROPOSED E-VOTING SYSTEM
sample size, geographic limitations, and security concerns.
These limitations can lead to convenience sampling with The proposed system will be implemented by
biased results and everyone not having access to the collecting the votes from the voters based on a particular
technology required to vote [12]. In addition, the limitations area through a secure mobile app that will use blockchain
of quantitative research methods should be considered when technology to store the voting information securely.
analyzing electronic voting trends and perspectives, which
often take snapshots of a phenomenon without delving into  The following benefits can be Achieved by
in-depth details [13]. Further, it is essential to understand Implementing the Proposed System.
both the benefits and drawbacks of online voting to
determine its suitability in various industries [14]. To this  Voters can give their votes from home.
end, a comparative analysis of different online voting  Voting results can be achieved faster than traditional
models can provide insights into their strengths and systems.
limitations [19]. Moreover, an in-depth review of the  Less human power will require to complete the election
findings of voting research can provide valuable insights by reducing the tasks of the voting agent.
into the strengths and limitations of current deliberation  No opportunity to give the vote of others.
[15]. Finally, the framework can be used to gain a more in-  Voters will be able to check the current voting result
depth understanding of the factors limiting online voting, from their devices at any time.
which can help policymakers make informed decisions  All voters of a family will be able to give their votes by
about its implementation [16]. using a single device.
 The voting result will be generated by collecting the
 The Technical and Societal Challenges of Implementing
voting data of all areas securely.
an E-voting System: A Critical Review.
 The voting result will be generated through the app. So
Implementing e-voting is a complex undertaking that
no human interaction will require to count the votes
requires navigating numerous technical and societal
and no chance to change the voting result manually.
challenges. Despite the complexity, the pace of e-voting
 The voting system will be transparent for everyone.
implementation continues to increase, often at the expense
of addressing socio-cultural, organizational, and political  The following user will use the app to complete the
aspects of implementation. The socio-technical aspects of e- election through the online voting system. Three types
voting technologies encompass a wide range of issues, such of user registrations will be done in this system.
as logistics, organizational complexity, and user navigation.
Some users have difficulty navigating through the voting  Voting Agent
process due to issues such as complexity of use, image This user will help those voters to give their votes who
perception, and difficulty finding desired information on the have no mobile device to access the app.
site [17][18]. However, research shows that simple and
easy-to-navigate e-voting systems can increase voter  Voting Candidate
turnout, especially if users have a positive perception of This user will be able to see the numbers of votes
usability and user experience (UX) [19]. The context of he/she gets through the app.
implementation and use of ICT-based systems is also vital in
determining attitudes towards e-voting systems, including  Voter
their complexity and perceived usefulness (PU) [20]. The users will give votes to the voting candidate and
Political, social, legal, and technological issues related to e- be able to see the current voting result. The voting agent and
voting must be taken into account during the the voting candidate can be a voter.
implementation process. Regional pilots may be less
complex to organize than national implementations [21]. The proposed system is shown in the following
Therefore, it is essential to address technical and societal diagram.
challenges during e-voting implementation to ensure its
success.

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Volume 8, Issue 7, July – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig 1 Online Voting System using Blockchain

Every user has to create a user account with the  Multiple backups of the database will require to store
National ID before working with this app. All types of users for recovering from the accidental crash of the
of the app will create the general voter account. The voting database where all voting information will store.
agent will create another account to monitor the area-based  The proper investment will require to develop the
voting system and help those voters who are unable to give a system and use the cloud-based database for running
vote by using their own devices. The candidates will create the system smoothly.
another account as the voting candidate to monitor his/her  All the limitations can be solved easily by taking proper
current voting status. actions.

All types of submitted valid data by three types of V. CONCLUSION

users will be encrypted by using blockchain technology and
stored in the cloud-based database. The area-based result The way of implementing a very simple, secure, and
will be merged by the app to find out the result of the transparent online-based e-voting system by using
election of the particular state or district. Next, all these blockchain and a cloud-based database has been proposed in
results will be merged to find out the final election result of this paper to make the voting system more convenient and
the country. acceptable for the voters of the country. The system will
minimize the need for many resources that require in the
IV. LIMITATION OF THE PROPOSED E- traditional voting system.
VOTING SYSTEM
REFERENCES
 The Proposed System has Some Limitations which are
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Volume 8, Issue 7, July – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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