CHAPTER 10

ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

More Questions for Practice

1. Add the following algebraic expressions:

2pq 3p 2q 4pq 2 pq 2p 2q 3pq 2 pq p 2q pq 2

(i) − + + , + + and − + .
3 4 5 3 5 5 4 5 5
(ii) 5mn2 + 6m2n – 11mn, –7mn – mn2 + 7m2n and 11m2n – 2mn + 4mn2.

2. Subtract:
(i) x6y2 – 7x5y + 8xy4 – 9x2y3 from 2xy4 + x5y – 3x2y3.
(ii) 5m3 – 4m2n + 9mn2 – n3 from 1 – m3 + n3.
1 3 3 3 2 3 3 1
3. Subtract the sum of a − 2a 2b − b 3 , a b − ab 2 + 2b 3 and − a 3 + ab 2 + b 3 from
3 2 2 4 2 2
1 3 1 2 1 3
a + ab + b .
6 2 3

4. Simplify:
(i) (2x5 – x4y – 4xy4 + 5x2y3 – 1) + (3x2y3 – 4 + 11x5)
(ii) (p3 – 11q3 + 9r3) + (9p3 – 11r3 – q3 – 2pqr) – (9pqr – 11r3 – 3p3)
(iii) (2x2y – 4y2x + 3xy – 4) – (13y2x – 2x2y + 1) – (xy – 11x2y – 4)

5. Find the following products:

(i) (2x2 + 3x – 7)(3x2 – 5x + 4) (ii) (3x – 2)(4x3 – 3x2 + 7x – 1)

6. Find the following products:

(i) (x2 + x – y2 + y)(x2 + x + y2 – y) (ii) (3x3 + 2x2 – x + 1)(x3 – x2 + x + 3)
(iii) (1 + y3 – y2 + 2y)(4y3 – 4y2 – y – 1) (iv) (2x2y – xy + y2 – 1)(3y2x – yx + x2 – 1)

7. Simplify:
(i) x2y(x – y2) + xy2(4xy – 2x2) – x3y(1 – 2y)
(ii) x2y(x3 – x + 1) – xy(x4 – 2x2 + 2x) – y(x3 – x2 – 1)

8. Divide 4y3 – 3y + 8y2 + 5 by 2y2 – y + 1 and write the quotient.

9. Divide 6y5 + 4y4 + 4y3 + 7y2 + 27y + 6 by 2y3 + 1 and write the remainder.

4 3 10
10. Divide 15y + 16y + y − 9y 2 − 6 by 3y – 2 and write the quotient.
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11. Simplify:

(i) 7 [x − 2{4x − x(3 − 7 − 2) − 3x} − 2x] (ii) 6[2a − 3{5a − 4a − 7 a} − 2(a − 3)]

(iii) 2y − [5x − {2x − 2(2x − 3y) − 5(y − 10x − 8y)}]

12. Simplify the following using BODMAS rule:

1  1 
(i) (19x – 8x ÷ 4) –  12 x + 8 x ÷ 4 of  (ii) 10 x + 4  3 x of 3 − 7 x + 2{4 x × 2 − 2 x}
 2  
1
(iii) 16x + 16x ÷ 4 – 3x × 5 + 10x of (iv) 2x of 8 ÷ 4 – 3x + 9x ÷ 3 × 3 + 5x
5

 1
(v) 4  a − 3{2 a − a × 5 + 8 a ÷ 4} − 6 a of 
 2

a + 2 ab + b a − 2 ab + b
13. If a = 9 and b = 16, find the value of + ·
a+ b a− b

14. If a = 1, b = –1 and c = 2, find the value of 3a 3 (b − c) + 3b 3 (c − a) + 3c 3 (a − b) .

15. Add the following:

(i) 2a – b + (2c – 3d), 3a + 4c – 2(b – d), 4(b – d) + c – 5a and b – (3c – 2a).
(ii) x − (1 − a + b), x − (1 + a − b), x − (1 − a − b) and 4 – (a + b + 3x).
(iii) a(x + y – z) – 6(x2 – y2) + b, –5(x2 – y2) + 3b, –a(x + y – z) + 2(x2 – y2) and – (x2– y2).

16. Divide:
(i) x4 – 16 by x – 2 (ii) x4 – 64y4 by x2 + 8y2

x 2 − (y 2 − z 2 ) − y(x − y + z)
17. (i) If x = 6, y = 4 and z = 3, find the value of ·
3 2
xyz
p 2 + px + x 2 2p + x 2p − x
(ii) If p = 3 and x = – 2, find the value of 2 2 + + ·
p − px + x 3p − 5x 7 p + x

1 1
18. Solve: 2x – 2 – {3 x − 3 − (7 x + 7 − 5 x − 5)} = 7
3 4
19. Find the following special products:
1 3  a − 4  a + 3
(i)  t −   t +  (ii) (iii) (2 + a)(3 + a)
 2  2 2  2 
(iv) (a – 8b)(a – 4b) (v) (x2 – 1)(x2 + 4) (vi) (r2 – 8)(r2 + 7)
Algebraic Expressions 10.3

20. Find the following special products:

(i) (xy + 2)(xy – 2) (ii) (3x2 – y2)(3x2 + y2) (iii) (1.1x + 0.2y)(1.1x – 0.2y)

 7p   7p   3m2 n2   3m2 n2 
(iv)  − 1  + 1 (v)  +   − 5 + 7 
 4q   4q   5 7

 m2 px 2   m2 px 2 
(vi)  + 2  − 4 + y 2 
 4 y 

21. Use the special product (x + y)(x – y) = x2 – y2 to evaluate the following:

(i) 77 × 83 (ii) 46 × 54 (iii) 19 × 21 (iv) 207 × 193

(v) 91 × 89 (vi) 45 × 55 (vii) 93 × 87 (viii) 67 × 73

22. Simplify:
 x 2 4y   x 2 4y  x 4 16y 2  y p
2
 2 y2p  4 2
y p
(i)  − 2   + 2  + 2 − 4 (ii)  3x 2 − 3 x + − 9x 4
−
 y x  y x  y x  5   5  25

23. Expand the following:

2 2
 2 
2
 1   p 
(i)  3  a +   (ii)  3 p +  (iii)  5  + 3m 
  b   2q  q 


24. Expand the following:

2 2
  m p   2x y  2
−  (iii)  5  
1
(i)  3  −   (ii)   − 2
  p m   y 2x   mn  

1  2 1   4 1 
25. (i) If 2p +
2p
= 3, find the values of  4p + 4p 2  and  16p + 16p 4  ·
 
1  2 1   4 1 
(ii) If 3x − = 8, find the values of  9x + 2  and  81x + ·
3x 9x 81x 4 

26. (i) What should be added to 225x2 + 121y2 to make it a perfect square?
(ii) What should be added to 289p2 + 374pq to make it a perfect square?
x 2 xy
(iii) What should be added to − to make it a perfect square?
4 6
(iv) What should be subtracted from 1.21x2 + 4.6xy + 4y2 to make it a perfect square?

27. Simplify:
2 2
 a + 2 +  a − 2
(i) (ii) (m2 + n2)(m2 + n2) – m4 – 2m2n2 – n4
 2 a  2 a
2 2
 2 y2   2 y2 
3 2 2
(iii) (p – q p) + 2p q 4 2
(iv)  4 x − −  4x + 5 
 5 
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28. Expand the following:

2 2
2  y  a b
(i)  2(a − b + 1) (ii)  4 − 2x +  (iii)  1 − − 
 3 2 3

29. Expand the following:

2
2
(i) (3x2 – y2)2 (ii) (0.1x – 0.2y)2 (iii)  5 − x +  (iv) (2p – 3q + r)2
 x
2
 q 
(v)  2r − − p
 2 

30. Evaluate:
198 × 198 − 102 × 102 8.37 × 8.37 − 1.63 × 1.63
(i) (ii)
96 0.674
31. Find the value of the following using expansions:
(i) a2 + b2 and (a – b)2, when a + b = 10 and ab = 4.
(ii) a2 + b2 and (a + b)2, when a – b = 2 and ab = 63.
(iii) x 4 + y 4 and (x 2 – y2)2, when x 2 + y 2 = 5 and xy = 2.
(iv) ab when a – b = 2 and a2 + b2 = 36.
2
1 
2 1 1
(v) x + 2 and x − x , when x + = 3.
x   x
(vi) p3 – q 3, when p – q = – 8 and pq = –12.
3
(vii) 64x 3 – 125z3, when 4x – 5z = and xz = 6.
5

1 1 1
32. If 3 x + = 3 , find the value of:  (i) 81x 4 + 4  (ii)
27 x 3 + .
3x 81x 27 x 3

ANSWERS
pq 19 2 8
1. (i) − + p q + pq 2 (ii) 8mn2 + 24m2n – 20mn
12 20 5
2. (i) –6xy4 + 6x2y3 – x6y2 + 8x5y (ii) 2n3 – 9mn2 + 4m2n – 6m3 + 1

4 3 1 2 2 3 1 2
3. a + ab − b + a b
3 4 3 2
4. (i) 13x5 – x4y – 4xy4 + 8x2y3 – 5 (ii) 13p3 – 12q3 + 9r3 – 11pqr (iii) 15x2y – 17y2x + 2xy – 1

5. (i) 6x4 – x3 – 28x2 + 47x – 28 (ii) 12x4 – 17x3 + 27x2 – 17x + 2

6. (i) x4 + 2x3 + x2 – y2 + 2y3 – y4 (ii) 3x6 – x5 + 13x3 + 4x2 – 2x + 3

(iii) 4y6 – 8y5 + 11y4 – 4y3 – 5y2 – 3y – 1

(iv) 6x3y3 – 2x3y2 + 2x4y – 2x2y – 3x2y3 + 2x2y2 – x3y + 2xy + 3xy4 – y3x – 3y2x – y2 – x2 + 1
Algebraic Expressions 10.5

7. (i) 3x2y3 (ii) y. 8. 2y + 5 9. 4y2 + 25y + 4

26 2 25 80
10. 5 y 3 + y + y+ 11. (i) – 49x (ii) 36 – 144a (iii) 43x – 37y
3 9 27
12. (i) x (ii) 34x (iii) 7x (iv) 15x (v) 4a.

13. 6 14. 6. 1   (iii) –10x2 + 10y2 + 4b

15. (i) 2a + 2b + 4c – 5d (ii)

16. (i) Quotient = x3 + 2x2 + 4x + 8, Remainder = 0

(ii) Quotient = x2 – 8y2, Remainder = 0
3
17. (i) (ii) 1. 18. x = 6
2
2
3
19. (i) t 2 + t − (ii) a − a − 12 (iii) 6 + 5a + a2
4 4 2

(iv) a2 – 12ab + 32b2 (v) x4 + 3x2 – 4 (vi) r4 – r2 – 56
49p 2
20. (i) x2y2 – 4 (ii) 9x4 – y4 (iii) 1.21x2 – 0.04y2 (iv) −1
16q 2
n 4 9m 4 4 m4 p2 x 2
(v) − (vi) − ·
49 25 y4 16

21. (i) 6391 (ii) 2484 (iii) 399 (iv) 39951 (v) 8099 (vi) 2475
2 4 2
2 x 4 32 y −2 y p
(vii) 8091 (viii) 4891 22. (i) − 4 (ii)
y2 x 25
4a 4 2 3p 1  p2 pm 
23. (i) 3  a2 + + 2  (ii) 3 p 2 + + 2 (iii) 5  2 + 2 3 + 3m 2 
 b b  2q 2q q q 

 m2 p2  4x2 y2  1 2 2 
24. (i) 3  2 − 2 + 2  (ii) 2 − 2 + (iii) 5  2 2 − + 2
p m  y 4x2 m n mn 
y2
25. (i) 7, 47 (ii) 66, 4354 26. (i) ± 330xy (ii) 121q2 (iii) (iv) 0.2xy
36
a2 8 16 x 2 y 2
27. (i) + 2 (ii) 0 (iii) p6 + q4p2 (iv) −
2 a 5
y2 4 xy 8 y
28. (i) 2(a2 + b2 + 2a – 2b – 2ab + 1) (ii) 16 + 4x2 + − 16 x − +
9 3 3
a2 b 2 ab 2b
(iii) 1 + + −a+ −
4 9 3 3
29. (i) 9x4 – 6x2y2 + y4 (ii) 0.01x2 – 0.04xy + 0.04y2
4 20
(iii) 25 + x 2 + 2
− 10 x − 4 +
x x
q2
(iv) 4p2 + 9q2 + r2 – 12pq – 6qr + 4pr (v) 4r2 + + p2 – 2rq + pq – 4rp
4
30. (i) 300 (ii) 100 31. (i) 92; 84 (ii) 130; 256 (iii) 17; 9
27
(iv) 16 (v) 7; 5 (vi) – 224 (vii) 216 32. (i) 47 (ii) 18.
125