BAM 069: Business Research

Students Activity Sheet #17

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule:______________________________________ Date: ______________

Lesson title: Preparing Data for Analysis Materials:

FLM Student Activity Sheets
Lesson Objectives:
References:
1. Identify the steps in data preparation process and the Flores, M. Methods of Research
five areas to cover in the process of validation. in Business Education 2016,
2. Learn how to tabulate data and prepare data for Unlimited Books
analysis. Almeida et al. Research
Fundamentals (From Research
to Output) 2016, Adriana
Publishing Co., Inc.
Calderon et al. Methods of
Research and Thesis Writing
1993, National Book Store, Inc.

Plan your work. Create an action plan. This save time, effort later on and
the whole lot of stress. By knowing what you need to do step by step for each
report, this will encourage productivity might even be started earlier than the
day before it’s due, always a bonus!

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
INTRODUCTION (2 mins)
Today, our topic is all about data preparation and analysis. Read the lesson targets carefully and
keep them in mind as we go through today’s lesson.

Let’s start exploring☺!

Data Preparation is a process of converting information from a questionnaire so that it can be

read by a computer. This process normally follows five-step approach beginning with data
validation, data editing and coding of data, followed by data entry, error detection and data
tabulation. The purpose of data preparation process is to take the data in its raw form and convert
it so as establish meaning and create value for the user.

Activity 1: What I Know Chart Part 1 (3 minutes)

Now that I had given you an introduction, fill in the What I Know column by answering the
questions below. The third column is left blank this time. You may use key words or phrases that
you think are related to the questions.

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 BAM 069: Business Research
Students Activity Sheet #17

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule:______________________________________ Date: ______________

What I Know Questions: What I learned (Activity 4)

What is data preparation in
research?
What are the steps of data
preparation?

How do I prepare data analysis

in Excel?

B. MAIN LESSON
Activity 2: Content Notes (13 minutes)

Coding, Editing and Preparing Data for Analysis

This section discusses each of the five steps in data preparation process.
1. Data validation – This is concerned in determining, to extent possible, whether a survey’s
interviews or observations are conducted correctly and are free of fraud or bias.
2. Data Editing – Editing is the process whereby the raw data are checked for errors made by
either the interviewer or the respondents. Though the manual canning of each completed
interview, the researcher can check several area of concern, such as (1) proper asking of
questions; (2) proper recording of answer; (3) proper screening of question; and (4)
proper recording of open-ended questions.

Generally, the process of validation attempts to cover five areas.

1) Fraud – Under this area, the following questions should be given proper attention by the
researcher. Was the person interviewed or was the interview falsified? Etc.
2) Screening – many times an interview must be conducted only for qualified respondents.
3) Procedure – In any research project, it is very important that the data to be collected should
be validated according to specific procedure.
4) Completeness – In order to speed through the data collection process, an interviewer may
ask the respondent only a few of the requisite question.
5) Courtesy – A normal assumption is that a respondents is treated with courtesy and respect
during the interviewing process.

3. The Coding Process – data coding involving grouping and assigning value of responses to
the questions contained in the survey instruments. Specifically, coding entails the assignment of
numerical values to its individual response for each question within the survey.

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 BAM 069: Business Research
Students Activity Sheet #17

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule:______________________________________ Date: ______________

Example: Using Scales as an Application of Coding Procedures

Instruction: Below are several statements regarding your perceptions on the quality, value, and
offering of a fast food restaurant. On a scale of 1 to 5, 1 is being “Strongly Disagree”, 2
“Disagree”, 3 “Moderately Agree”, 4 “Agree” and 5 “Strongly agree”, please encircle the number
that best expresses your agreement with each of the following statements.

Strongly Disagree Moderately Agree Strongly

Disagree Agree Agree
1) I only visit those fast food establishment 1 2 3 4 5
that are conventionally located near my
home or work place -----------------------------
2) I prefer to visit fast food restaurants that 1 2 3 4 5
serve healthy/nutritious foods ----------------
3) In my opinion, fast food restaurants are 1 2 3 4 5
all the same ---------------------------------------
4) I tend to visit those fast food restaurants 1 2 3 4 5
that offer coupons or special price promotion
5) Home delivery would be a great service 1 2 3 4 5
for fast food restaurant

3. Error Detection – The first step in error detection is to determine whether the software used in
the data entry and tabulation will allow the researcher to perform “error edit routines”. For
example, in data field 40, 50 responses of 1 were entered, 20 responses of 2 entered and so
on. A quick viewing of this data/column list procedure cab indicate to the analyst whether
inappropriate codes were entered into the data field. The analyst can then find the
corresponding questionnaire and correct the error as needed.

4. Data Tabulation – Tabulation is the process of counting the numbers of observation (cases)
that are classified into certain categories. There are two common forms of data tabulation, these
are: (1) one-way tabulation; and (2) cross tabulation. One-way tabulation is categorization
of single variables existing in the study while Cross tabulation, it is extremely useful when the
analyst wishes to study the relationships among and between variables.

Activity 3: Skill Building Activities (15 minutes)

Hi Dear, just read the statement carefully and identify the following. I know you can do it!

______________
Cross tabulation 1) It is a method to quantitatively analyze the relationship between multiple
variables.
______________2)
Error detection It is the process of detecting the errors that are present in the data
transmitted from transmitter to receiver, in a communication system.
______________3)
Screening It is one of the process in data validation where in need not only statistical
and also help to ensure the integrity of the data.
Courtesy
______________4) It might happen when the person actually interviewed haven’t provided the
correct information, or the interview itself was falsified.

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 BAM 069: Business Research
Students Activity Sheet #17

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule:______________________________________ Date: ______________

______________5) It is one of the process in data validation where in, whether the respondent
treated with propriety and respect during the interview process will affect the
validation of data.
______________6)
Completeness It refers to if the all the questions are asked of all respondents or not.
______________7)
Data validation It is a specific control process the researcher undertakes to make sure the
representatives collected all the data that’s required.
______________8)
Data coding It is the process when the interviews are done and the researcher
processes the information.
Data editing
______________9) It is the process of grouping and assigning value to the responses from the
survey instrument and uses numeric codes.
One-way tabulation 10) It shows the number of respondents who gave each possible answer to
______________
each question on the questionnaire and directly related to the number of
variables being measured in the study.

Activity 4: What I Know Chart Part 2 (2mins)

Now let’s check your understanding about the lesson for today. I hope that everything about the
topic is clear to you. This time you have to fill out the What I Learned column in Activity 1 Part 1.

Activity 5: Check for Understanding (5 mins)

Good job! You’re about to finish today’s activity. For your activity, watch the video on how to enter
the data and create the charts on YouTube with the given link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVGD_5Tk6ao. And try to apply your learnings to the given
data below.

Questionnaire Coding and Data Entering in Excel

Research: Factors affecting weight gain among nurses

Questionnaire

Respondent number _____

1. Gender
a. Male
b. Female
2. Age
a. <25 years
b. 25 – 30 years
c. >30 years
3. Height _______cm
4. Weight _______kg
5. Place of work
a. Ward
b. Not in ward
6. Take food from?

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 BAM 069: Business Research
Students Activity Sheet #17

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule:______________________________________ Date: ______________

a. Home
b. Outside
7. Has your weight increased during the past 6 months?
(Ex: clothes tightened, people commented etc.)
a. Yes. Gained
b. No. Not gained
8. If yes to Q7, are you worried about it?
a. Yes
b. No
9. If you gained weight; which of the following do you commonly consume?
a. Tea
b. Coffee
c. Soft drinks
d. Fruit juice

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins)

A. Work Tracker
You are done with this session! Let’s track your progress. Shade the session number you just
completed.

B. Think About Learning

1. Go back for today’s learning targets. Were you able to achieve those learning targets? If
yes, what helped you achieve them? If no, what is the reason for not achieving them?
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2. What question(s) do you still have in mind about today’s lesson?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 BAM 069: Business Research
Students Activity Sheet #17

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule:______________________________________ Date: ______________

FAQs
1. Is Excel good for data analysis?
Excel is a great tool for analyzing data. It's especially handy for making data
analysis available to the average person at your organization.
2. Is SPSS better than Excel?
Excel is spreadsheet software, SPSS is statistical analysis software. In Excel, you can
perform some Statistical analysis but SPSS is more powerful. ... In SPSS every column is
one variable, Excel does not treat columns and rows in that way (in treating volume and
rows SPSS is more similar to Access than to Excel)

Job well done! You’ve finished today’s activity.

KEY TO CORRECTIONS:
Activity 3
1. Cross tabulation 6. Completeness
2. Error detection 7. Data validation
3. Screening 8. Data editing
4. Fraud 9. Data coding
5. Courtesy 10. One-way tabulation

Activity 5
Answers may vary.

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