Sarfraaz Ahmed Linux Course

Basic LinuX &

Shell ScriptinG
— By : Sarfraaz Ahmed

Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.
 Linux Course

Arrays

Sarfraaz Ahmed
 Linux Course

Strings as Arrays
1 #!/usr/bin/env bash
2
3 print_words() {
4 for item in "$@" $ ./slogan.sh
Input 5 do Aim
Field 6 echo $item Big
Separater : 7 done Can
IFS 8 } Do
9
10 work="Aim Big Can Do"
11 print_words $work

Each word in a string is considered as an element of an array

Sarfraaz Ahmed

 Linux Course

Strings as Arrays
1 #!/usr/bin/env bash
2
3 print_words() {
4 for item in "$@"
5 do
6 echo $item $ ./slogan.sh
7 done IFS is : "
8 } "
IFS 9 Arun,Ben,Carol,Dan
de nes word 10 line="Arun,Ben,Carol,Dan" IFS is : ","
boundaries 11 Arun
12 ( Ben
for splitting 13 echo "IFS is : \"$IFS\"" Carol
14 print_words $line Dan
15
16 IFS=","
17 echo "IFS is : \"$IFS\""
18 print_words $line
19 )

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fi

 Linux Course

Strings as Arrays
1 #!/usr/bin/env bash
2
Insert “We”
. . . . .
20
between
21 work="Aim Big Can Do" “Big” and “Can”
22 echo $work
23
24 sub="We"
26 idx=0 $ ./slogan.sh
Much 27 total=${#work} Aim Big Can Do
28 Aim
easier to do this, Aim Big We
29 for item in $work
if we use 30 do Aim Big We Can
Shell Arrays 31 new_work="$new_work $item” Aim Big We Can Do
32 if [ $idx -eq 1 ] Aim Big We Can Do
33 then
34 new_work="$new_work $sub”
35 fi
36 echo $new_work
37 idx=$((idx + 1))
38 done
39 echo $new_work

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 Linux Course

Arrays
• A data structure that represents a collection of
items

• Items can be of the same type or different types

• Items are referenced through their index

• Index starts from 0

• The position of each item in an array conveys a

meaning

Sarfraaz Ahmed

 Linux Course

Arrays
Declaring an Array

metros=(Delhi Mumbai Chennai Kolkatta)

cities=(“New York” “London” “Paris”)

declare -a scores=(89 93 85 97)

work_string=“Aim Big Can Do”

work_array=($work_string)

colors[0]=“Red”
colors[1]=“Green”
colors[2]=“Blue”

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 Linux Course

Arrays
Printing elements of an Array

metros=(Delhi Mumbai Chennai Kolkatta)

$ echo ${metros[0]}
Delhi
$ echo ${metros[1]}
Mumbai
$ idx=3
$ echo ${metros[$idx]}
Kolkatta
$ echo ${metros}
Delhi

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 Linux Course

Arrays
Printing an entire Array

cities=(“New York” “London” “Paris”)

Entire array is
expanded to a
$ echo “${cities[*]}” single word
Always enclose New York London Paris
$
within
$ echo “${cities[@]}”
“double quotes” New York London Paris
Each element is
expanded as a
separate word

Sarfraaz Ahmed

 Linux Course

Arrays
Printing an entire Array

cities=(“New York” “London” “Paris”)

61 for item in “${cities[*]}”

62 do
63 echo $item
64 done
Entire array is
expanded to a
single word
$ ./print.sh
New York London Paris

Sarfraaz Ahmed

 Linux Course

Arrays
Printing an entire Array Each element is
expanded as a
separate word

cities=(“New York” “London” “Paris”)

61 for item in “${cities[*]}” 61 for item in “${cities[@]}”

62 do 62 do
63 echo $item 63 echo $item
64 done 64 done

$ ./print.sh
$ ./print.sh New York
New York London Paris London
Paris

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 Linux Course

Arrays
Printing an entire Array

str=“Aim Big Can Do"

55 for item in ”$str”

56 do
57 echo $item
58 done

$ ./print.sh
Aim
Big
Can
Do

Each word in a string is considered as an element of an array

Sarfraaz Ahmed

 Linux Course

Array Length
cities=(“New York” “London” “Paris”)

Length of str=“${cities[1]}”
London
element of array echo $str
at index 1
echo ${#str} 6
echo ${#cities[1]} 6

Number of echo ${#cities[@]} 3

elements in the echo ${#cities[*]} 3
array
echo ${#cities} 8
echo ${#cities[0]} 8
Length of
element of array
at index 0

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 Linux Course

Array Operations
Concatenating Arrays

metros=(Delhi Mumbai Chennai Kolkatta)

cities=(“New York” “London” “Paris”)

capitals=(“${metros[@]}” “${cities[@]}”)

Adding items to an Array

capitals=(“${capitals[@]}” “Tokyo”)

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 Linux Course

Slice of an Array
metros=(Delhi Mumbai Chennai Kolkatta)
3 elements
from index 1
$ echo ${metros[@]:1:3}

Mumbai Chennai Kolkatta

2 elements
from index 0
$ echo ${metros[@]:0:2}

Delhi Mumbai
All elements
from index 2
$ echo ${metros[@]:2}

Chennai Kolkatta

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 Linux Course

Insert an Array Element

work=(Aim Big Can Do)

Insert “We” between “Big” and “Can”

$ idx=2
$ sub=“We”
$ new_work=(${work[@]:0:$idx} $sub ${work[@]:$idx})

$ new_work=( Aim Big We Can Do )

$ echo ${new_work[@]}
Aim Big We Can Do

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 Linux Course

THANK YOU

Sarfraaz Ahmed