CHAPTER-2 COLLECTION OF DATA ‘Choose the correct answers {each question carries ONE mark) ‘Which method af collection of Data gives better results? a) Census b) Sample Survey c) Innovation d) Distribution ‘Which of the following error is more serious? a)Sampling error b) non-sampling error ¢) Data error d) Calculation error The method of collection of data in which reactions can be watched Is, alTelephone interview b) Mailing questionnaire _c) Personalinterview d) E-mail Fillin the blanks (each question carries ONE mark Data collected by the investigator is called Primary Data. ‘The method of interview in obtaining information at a shorter time Is Nelephone interview. Most expensive method of interview is Personal interview method. The method of Data collection which cannot be used by iliterates are Malling Questionnaire ‘Census of India Is carried out once in 10 years. Match the following: (total $ marks) {a} Personal interview Pre-testing of questionnaire (4) {b) Mailing Questionnaire Covers every individual (5) (c) Telephone interview Loss of questionnaire (2) {d) Pilot Survey. Cheaper or relatively low cost (3) {e) Census More expensive (1) ‘Answer the following questions in a word / sentence (each question carries ONE mark) ‘What isa variable? Avariable is a value which is subject to change from time to time. ‘Write the meaning of Census? Census is a survey which includes every element of Population. ‘What Is Sample Survey? ‘A sample survey is the survey conducted on a group or section of population from which information is ta be obtained. ‘Give the meaning of sampling error, ‘Sampling error refers to the differences between the sample estimate and the actual value ‘of a characteristic of the population. 5 Expand NSSO. National Sample Survey Organisation, Expand CSO. ‘Central Statistical Organisation. 7 Expand OGCIS Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics. ‘Answer the following questions in about four sentences (each question carries TWO marks) Mention the two sources of data. a) Primary Data b)_Secondary Data ‘Write any two qualities of good questionnaire a) Questionnaire should not be too long. b)_Questionnaire should be precise and clear. Mention the methods of collecting data. a) Personal interview method b) Telephone interview method ‘c)_Matling Questionnaire.a Write the differences between Census Survey and Sample Survey. Census Survey Sample Survey i) includes every element of the |) Here a representative sample is taken for population. survey. ii) There may not be accurate information. i) Provide reasonably reliable and accurate lil Its expensive, information. Iv) Its time consuming i) tt is cheap and cost effective. iv) Ittakes less time. ‘Name the methods of selecting samples in Random Sampling. a) Lattery method. b) Use of random number table ‘Give the meaning of Pilot Survey. ‘Once a questionnaire is ready, itis advisable to conduct a try-out with a small group which is known as Pilot Survey or pre-testing of questionnaire. Pilot survey helps to know the shortcomings and drawbacks of questionnaire vi ‘Answer the following questions in about twelve sentences (each question carries 4 marks) Does the lottery method always give you a random sample? Explain. itis fact that the lottery method always gives us a random sample. The random sample is the ‘one where the individual units from the population are selected at random. For instance, the government wants to determine the impact of the rise in LPG on the household budget of a particular locality. For this, a representative sample of 30 households has to be taken and studied. The names of the 300 households of that are written on pieces of paper and mixed well and 30 names to be interviewed are selected one by one. In the random sampling, every individual has an equal chance of being selected and the individuals who are selected are just like the ones who are not selected. In our example all the 300 sampling units of the population got an equal chance of being included in the sample of 30 units and hence the sample, such drawn, is a randam sample. So the lottery method always gives us random sample However, the lottery method will not give a random sample in the following cases: 1) If the slips are not made of identical size and it is possible to identify the names for Aumbers on the slips. ii) If same name or number is written on more than one slip or if some name oF number is missed out Briefly explain Sampling errors. Sampling error refers ta the differences between the sample estimate and the actual value of a characteristic of the population. It is the error that occurs when you make an ‘observation from the sample taken from the population, Thus the difference between the actual value of a parameter of the population and its estimate is the sampling error. It is possible to reduce the magnitude of sampling error by taking larger sample, For example, suppose height of 5 students (in inches) is 50, $5, 60, 65 and 70. Now the average height will be calculated by adding all these observations and divide the sum by 5 then we get 60 inches. If we select, If we select a sample of two students with height of 50 and 60 inches, then average height of sample will be 50+60 divided by 2, we get 55 inches. Here the sampling error of the estimate will be 60{true value) minus 55(estimate)=5 3 ‘What is Random Sampling? Explain briefly. Random sampling is one where the individual units from the population are selected at random. For instance, the government wants to determine the impact of the rise in petrol price on the household budget of particular locality. For this, a representative sample of 30Thousehold has to be taken and studied. The names of all the 300 households of that are written on pieces of paper and mixed well and 30 names to be interviewed are selected one by one. In the random sampling, every individual has an equal chance of being selected and the individuals who are selected are just like the ones wha are not selected. In the above ‘example, all the 300 sampling units of the population got an equal chance of being included in the sample af 30 units and hence the sample, such drawn, is a random sample. This is called lottery method. The same could be done using a random number table also. ‘Write briefly about the Census and NSSO. Census: Census of India is one of the national level agencies for collection, process and tabulation of the statistical data. It provides the most complete and continuous demographic record of population. The Census is being regularly conducted every ten years since 1881. The first census after independence was conducted in 1951. The Census officials collect information on various aspects of population such as the size, density, sex-atio, literacy, migration, ruralurban distribution, etc. Census data is interpreted and analysed to understand many economic and social issues in India. NSSO: The NSSO was established by the Government of India to conduct nation-wide surveys on sacio-econamic issues, The NSSO does continuous surveys in successive rounds. The data collected by NSSO are released through reports and its quarterty journ: Sarvekshana . NSSO provides periodic estimates of literacy, school enrolment, utilisation of ‘educational services, employment, unemployment etc. The NSSO also collects details of industrial activities and retail prices for various goods, which are used by the government of India for planning purpose. vil Project oriented question (5 marks} Suppose you are a research student and you are asked to conduct a sample survey about the ‘Mid-day meals program’ in schools. Prepare a good questionnaire ta support your study. Questionnaire related to Mid-day meal program SiNO ‘Questions Responses 2. [Vourname 2. _[Yourage 3.__| Gender Male/Female ‘4.__| School Name 5. | Number of working people at your family &____| Monthy family income 7.__| Resident of Urban] Rural %B. | Where do you eat lunch everyday | a) House b) Hotel c) School d) Other ‘9. | Doyou like eating at schools Yes/No. 0. | How often lke the food served at | a) Everyday _b) Onee in 2 days your school ©) Once in 4 days _d) None. 21, [00 you get tasty food Yes /NO. 12. | What made you to choose school | a) Tasty b) Good Quality, food c) Free of cost_d) None 73._| Are you satisfied with the taste Yes [No 14. [Ts the supply of food helpful Yes [No 15. | Do you examine quality of food Yes [No 16. | Quality of rice used 3) Good 6) Better )Excellent —d) Low Quality17. | Are vegetables used in every day's | Yes / No food 18.__| Do you expect more food Yes 7 No 19. |The quality of vegetables, pulses | a) Good b) Better used are ¢) Excellent __dLow quality 20. [Are you coming to school to have | Yes / No lunch 2. [Do you think there should be | Yes 7 No improvement in Mid-day meals programs