This document discusses different theories for determining failure in materials under complex stresses. It states that materials fail under simple tension or compression when stresses reach the elastic limit. For complex stresses, failure is determined practically or theoretically. Several common theories are described that relate the three principal stresses of a complex stress system to the elastic limits of simple stresses, including maximum principal stress theory, maximum principal strain theory, maximum shear stress theory, maximum strain energy theory, and maximum shear strain energy theory. The document concludes by mentioning design conditions for different failure theories.
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Theory of Elastic Failure
This document discusses different theories for determining failure in materials under complex stresses. It states that materials fail under simple tension or compression when stresses reach the elastic limit. For complex stresses, failure is determined practically or theoretically. Several common theories are described that relate the three principal stresses of a complex stress system to the elastic limits of simple stresses, including maximum principal stress theory, maximum principal strain theory, maximum shear stress theory, maximum strain energy theory, and maximum shear strain energy theory. The document concludes by mentioning design conditions for different failure theories.
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In case of material subjected to simple state of stress (tension
or compression), failure occurs when the stress in the material
reaches the elastic limit stress. In case of material subjected to complex stresses, the stage of failure is determined either to practically or theoretically. Non-applicability of any one theory to all states of stresses and to all materials has resulted in propagation of different theories relating the complex stresses to elastic limit in simple tension or compression. Since the complex stress system can be simplified into three principal stresses, the problem reduced to linking the three principal stresses to the stresses at elastic limit in case of simple stresses. • The common most theories are
1. Maximum principal stress theory
2. Maximum Principal strain theory
3. Maximum shear stress theory
4. Maximum strain energy theory
5. Maximum shear strain energy theory
1. Maximum Principal stress theory or Maximum normal stress theory Maximum principal strain theory Maximum shear stress theory 4. Maximum strain energy theory 5. Maximum shear strain energy theory or Distortion energy theory Design conditions for various failure theory GATE PREVIOUS QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS