INDEX

CHAPTER PAGE NO.

INTRODUCTION – WHAT IS AI
1-9
ROLE OF AI AND ITS BENEFITS
10-26
DISADVANTAGES OF AI

AI IN INDIA

LAWS AND POLICY ON AI

RECOMMENDATIONS
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

Artificial intelligence is a machine’s ability to perform the cognitive functions

we usually associate with human minds. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-
ranging branch of computer science concerned with building smart machines
capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. While AI
is an interdisciplinary science with multiple approaches, advancements in
machine learning and deep learning, in particular, are creating a paradigm shift
in virtually every sector of the tech industry.

Artificial intelligence allows machines to model, or even improve upon, the

capabilities of the human mind. And from the development of self-driving cars
to the proliferation of smart assistants like Siri and Alexa, AI is increasingly
becoming part of everyday life — and an area companies across every industry
are investing in.

CATEGORIES OF AI

AI can be categorized as weak or strong.

Weak AI, also known as narrow AI or Specialised AI, is designed and trained to
complete a specific task. It operates within a limited context and is a simulation
of human intelligence applied to a narrowly defined problem (like driving a car,
transcribing human speech or curating content on a website). Industrial robots
and virtual personal assistants, such as Apple's Siri, use weak AI. Weak AI is
often focused on performing a single task extremely well. While these
machines may seem intelligent, they operate under far more constraints and
limitations than even the most basic human intelligence.
Weak AI examples include:
 Siri, Alexa and other smart assistants
 Self-driving cars
 Google search
 Conversational bots
 Email spam filters
 Netflix’s recommendations

Strong AI, also known as artificial general intelligence (AGI), describes

programming that can replicate the cognitive abilities of the human brain. It is
a machine that can solve problems it’s never been trained to work on — much
like a human can. When presented with an unfamiliar task, a strong AI system
can use fuzzy logic to apply knowledge from one domain to another and find a
solution autonomously. In theory, a strong AI program should be able to pass
both a Turing test and the Chinese Room argument.
Some believe strong AI research should be limited, due to the potential risks of
creating a powerful AI without appropriate guardrails.
In contrast to weak AI, strong AI represents a machine with a full set of
cognitive abilities — and an equally wide array of use cases This type of AI
doesn’t actually exist yet.

TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

AI can be divided into four categories, based on the type and complexity of the
tasks a system is able to perform. They are:
1. Reactive machines
2. Limited memory
 3. Theory of mind
4. Self-awareness

1. Reactive Machines
A reactive machine follows the most basic of AI principles and, as its name
implies, is capable of only using its intelligence to perceive and react to the
world in front of it. A reactive machine cannot store a memory and, as a result,
cannot rely on past experiences to inform decision making in real time.
Perceiving the world directly means that reactive machines are designed to
complete only a limited number of specialized duties. Intentionally narrowing a
reactive machine’s worldview has its benefits, however: This type of AI will be
more trustworthy and reliable, and it will react the same way to the same
stimuli every time. 
Reactive Machine Examples
 Deep Blue was designed by IBM in the 1990s as a chess-
playing supercomputer and defeated international grandmaster Gary
Kasparov in a game. Deep Blue was only capable of identifying the pieces
on a chess board and knowing how each moves based on the rules of
chess, acknowledging each piece’s present position and determining
what the most logical move would be at that moment. The computer
was not pursuing future potential moves by its opponent or trying to put
its own pieces in better position. Every turn was viewed as its own
reality, separate from any other movement that was made beforehand.
 
 Google’s AlphaGo is also incapable of evaluating future moves but relies
on its own neural network to evaluate developments of the present
game, giving it an edge over Deep Blue in a more complex game.
AlphaGo also bested world-class competitors of the game, defeating
champion Go player Lee Sedol in 2016.

2. Limited Memory
Limited memory AI has the ability to store previous data and predictions when
gathering information and weighing potential decisions — essentially looking
into the past for clues on what may come next. Limited memory AI is more
complex and presents greater possibilities than reactive machines.
Limited memory AI is created when a team continuously trains a model in how
to analyze and utilize new data or an AI environment is built so models can be
automatically trained and renewed. 
When utilizing limited memory AI in ML, six steps must be followed: 
1. Establish training data
2. Create the machine learning model
3. Ensure the model can make predictions
4. Ensure the model can receive human or environmental feedback
5. Store human and environmental feedback as data
6. Reiterate the steps above as a cycle

3. Theory of Mind
Theory of mind is just that — theoretical. We have not yet achieved the
technological and scientific capabilities necessary to reach this next level of AI.
The concept is based on the psychological premise of understanding that other
living things have thoughts and emotions that affect the behavior of one’s self.
In terms of AI machines, this would mean that AI could comprehend how
humans, animals and other machines feel and make decisions through self-
reflection and determination, and then utilize that information to make
decisions of their own. Essentially, machines would have to be able to grasp
and process the concept of “mind,” the fluctuations of emotions in decision-
making and a litany of other psychological concepts in real time, creating a
two-way relationship between people and AI.

4. Self Awareness
Once theory of mind can be established, sometime well into the future of AI,
the final step will be for AI to become self-aware. This kind of AI possesses
human-level consciousness and understands its own existence in the world, as
well as the presence and emotional state of others. It would be able to
understand what others may need based on not just what they communicate
to them but how they communicate it. Self-awareness in AI relies both on
human researchers understanding the premise of consciousness and then
learning how to replicate that so it can be built into machines.
AI TECHNOLOGY USED TODAY

AI is incorporated into a variety of different types of technology. Here are few

examples.
1. Automation. When paired with AI technologies, automation tools can
expand the volume and types of tasks performed. An example is robotic
process automation (RPA), a type of software that automates repetitive,
rules-based data processing tasks traditionally done by humans. When
combined with machine learning and emerging AI tools, RPA can automate
bigger portions of enterprise jobs, enabling RPA's tactical bots to pass along
intelligence from AI and respond to process changes.

2. Machine learning. This is the science of getting a computer to act without

programming. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that, in very
simple terms, can be thought of as the automation of predictive analytics.
There are three types of machine learning algorithms:
 Supervised learning. Data sets are labelled so that patterns can be
detected and used to label new data sets.
 Unsupervised learning. Data sets aren't labelled and are sorted
according to similarities or differences.
 Reinforcement learning. Data sets aren't labelled but, after performing
an action or several actions, the AI system is given feedback.

3. Machine vision. This technology gives a machine the ability to see. Machine

vision captures and analyses visual information using a camera, analog-to-
digital conversion and digital signal processing. It is often compared to
human eyesight, but machine vision isn't bound by biology and can be
programmed to see through walls, for example. It is used in a range of
applications from signature identification to medical image
analysis. Computer vision, which is focused on machine-based image
processing, is often conflated with machine vision.
4. Natural language processing (NLP). This is the processing of human
language by a computer program. One of the older and best-known
examples of NLP is spam detection, which looks at the subject line and text
of an email and decides if it's junk. Current approaches to NLP are based on
machine learning. NLP tasks include text translation, sentiment analysis and
speech recognition.

5. Robotics. This field of engineering focuses on the design and manufacturing

of robots. Robots are often used to perform tasks that are difficult for
humans to perform or perform consistently. For example, robots are used in
car production assembly lines or by NASA to move large objects in space.
Researchers also use machine learning to build robots that can interact in
social settings.

6. Self-driving cars. Autonomous vehicles use a combination of computer

vision, image recognition and deep learning to build automated skills to
pilot a vehicle while staying in a given lane and avoiding unexpected
obstructions, such as pedestrians.

7. Text, image and audio generation. Generative AI techniques, which create

various types of media from text prompts, are being applied extensively
across businesses to create a seemingly limitless range of content types
from photorealistic art to email responses and screenplays. Generative
artificial intelligence (AI) describes algorithms (such as ChatGPT and DALL-E)
that can be used to create new content, including audio, code, images, text,
simulations, and videos. 

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE EXAMPLES

Artificial intelligence technology takes many forms, from chatbots to navigation

apps and wearable fitness trackers. The below examples illustrate the breadth
of potential AI applications.
ChatGPT
ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence chatbot capable of producing written
content in a range of formats, from essays to code and answers to simple
questions. The GPT stands for generative pretrained transformer. Launched in
November 2022 by OpenAI, ChatGPT is powered by a large language model
that allows it to closely emulate human writing.

DALL·E 2
DALL-E and DALL-E 2 are deep learning models developed by OpenAI. It is an AI
system that can create realistic images and art from a description in natural
language. It is a generative AI technology that enables users to create new
images with text to graphics prompts.

Google Maps
Google Maps uses location data from smartphones, as well as user-reported
data on things like construction and car accidents, to monitor the ebb and flow
of traffic and assess what the fastest route will be.

Smart Assistants
Personal assistants like Siri, Alexa and Cortana use natural language processing,
or NLP, to receive instructions from users to set reminders, search for online
information and control the lights in people’s homes. In many cases, these
assistants are designed to learn a user’s preferences and improve their
experience over time with better suggestions and more tailored responses.

Snapchat Filters
Snapchat filters use ML algorithms to distinguish between an image’s subject
and the background, track facial movements and adjust the image on the
screen based on what the user is doing.
Self-Driving Cars
Self-driving cars are a recognizable example of deep learning, since they use
deep neural networks to detect objects around them, determine their distance
from other cars, identify traffic signals and much more.

Wearables
The wearable sensors and devices used in the healthcare industry also apply
deep learning to assess the health condition of the patient, including their
blood sugar levels, blood pressure and heart rate. They can also derive patterns
from a patient’s prior medical data and use that to anticipate any future health
conditions.

MuZero
MuZero, a computer program created by DeepMind, is a promising frontrunner
in the quest to achieve true artificial general intelligence. It has managed to
master games it has not even been taught to play, including chess and an entire
suite of Atari games, through brute force, playing games millions of times.
 CHAPTER - 2

ROLE OF AI IN DIFFERENT
SECTORS

 AI is a technology that is transforming every walk of life. It is a wide-ranging

tool that enables people to rethink how we integrate information, analyse data,
and use the resulting insights to improve decision making. Artificial intelligence
has made its way into a wide variety of markets.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning are rapidly changing our world and
powering the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It is being integrated with and
deployed into a variety of sectors. This includes fields such as finance, national
security, health care, criminal justice, transportation, and smart cities. There
are numerous examples where AI already is making an impact on the world
and augmenting human capabilities in significant ways.
AI already is altering the world and raising important questions for society, the
economy, and governance.
The following are the areas where the role of Artificial Intelligence has been
increasing day by day :-

1. AI in healthcare

AI has the potential to make health care much more accessible and more
affordable,
The biggest bets are on improving patient outcomes and reducing costs.
Companies are applying machine learning to make better and faster medical
diagnoses than humans. By automating mundane tasks, such as data entry,
claims processing and appointment scheduling, using artificial intelligence in
healthcare can free up time for providers and healthcare organizations to focus
on patient care and revenue cycle management.
Furthermore, artificial intelligence also has the potential to reduce human
error by providing a faster way to review health records, medical imaging,
claims processing and test results. With artificial intelligence giving medical
professionals more autonomy over their workflow process, they are able to
provide better quality patient care while maintaining budget efficiency.
AI tools are helpful because they predict in advance potential challenges ahead
and allocate resources to patient education, sensing, and proactive
interventions that keep patients out of the hospital. For example deep learning
can train computers on data sets to learn what a normal-looking versus an
irregular-appearing lymph node is. After doing that through imaging exercises
and honing the accuracy of the labeling, radiological imaging specialists can
apply this knowledge to actual patients and determine the extent to which
someone is at risk of cancerous lymph nodes.
Deep learning AI can be used to help detect diseases faster, provide
personalized treatment plans and even automate certain processes such as
drug discovery or diagnostics. It also holds promise for improving patient
outcomes, increasing safety and reducing costs associated with healthcare
delivery. 
Other AI applications include using online virtual health assistants
and chatbots to help patients and healthcare customers find medical
information, schedule appointments, understand the billing process and
complete other administrative processes. An array of AI technologies is also
being used to predict, fight and understand pandemics such as COVID-19.

2. AI in education

 AI can automate grading, giving educators more time for other tasks. It
can assess students and adapt to their needs, helping them work at their own
pace. AI tutors can provide additional support to students, ensuring they stay
on track. The technology could also change where and how students learn,
perhaps even replacing some teachers.
A learning management system (LMS) is used to provide a centralised, intuitive
system for managing all of a school’s online activities. This tools can be used for
a variety of purposes, but they are often utilised to achieve the following:
 Assign coursework
 Communicate with students and parents
 Track student progress
 Generate reports on student performance

As demonstrated by ChatGPT, Bard and other large language models,

generative AI can help educators craft course work and other teaching
materials and engage students in new ways. The advent of these tools also
forces educators to rethink student homework and testing and revise policies
on plagiarism.

3. AI in Security

AI and machine learning are at the top of the buzzword list security vendors
use to market their products, so buyers should approach with caution. Still, AI
techniques are being successfully applied to multiple aspects of cybersecurity,
including anomaly detection, solving the false-positive problem and conducting
behavioral threat analytics.
Organizations use machine learning in security information and event
management (SIEM) software and related areas to detect anomalies and
identify suspicious activities that indicate threats. By analyzing data and using
logic to identify similarities to known malicious code, AI can provide alerts to
new and emerging attacks much sooner than human employees and previous
technology iterations.

4. AI in Criminal justice

Judicial experts claim AI programs reduce human bias in law enforcement and
leads to a fairer sentencing system. Predictive Analytics and Artificial
Intelligence (AI) are rapidly emerging technologies that have been making
significant strides in various fields, including criminal justice. Predictive
Analytics involves using historical data to make informed predictions about
future events or behaviors. In the context of criminal justice, Predictive
Analytics and AI are being used to predict criminal behavior, identify potential
offenders, and inform decision-making processes. These technologies are being
used in various areas of criminal justice, including law enforcement, judicial
proceedings, and corrections
In India, the use of these technologies can be traced back to the early 2000s,
when the police started using data mining and analysis tools to identify
potential offenders and predict crime hotspots. In recent years, there has been
a significant increase in the use of these technologies, with several states and
law enforcement agencies adopting them to improve their operations.
Benefits of using AI and Predictive analysis in Indian context:-

 Improved Efficiency in Investigating Crimes:

One of the most significant benefits of Predictive Analytics and AI in

criminal justice in India is their ability to improve the efficiency of
investigating crimes. For example, the Mumbai Police have been using
Predictive Analytics and AI to predict the likelihood of crime in a
particular area and plan their resources accordingly. The system uses
historical crime data to identify patterns and predict future crimes,
enabling the police to take proactive measures and prevent crimes from
happening.
 
 Enhanced Public Safety through Better Risk Assessment:

Predictive Analytics and AI can also enhance public safety by improving

risk assessment. In India, the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) has
developed a system called Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and
Systems (CCTNS), which collects and analyzes crime data from across the
country. The system uses this data to identify high-risk individuals, such
as repeat offenders and known criminals, and monitor their activities.
 
  Reduction of Bias in Criminal Justice Decision Making:

Predictive Analytics and AI can also reduce bias in decision-making by

eliminating human subjectivity. In India, the Odisha police have developed
an AI-based system called Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and
Systems (CCTNS) and have developed an AI-based system called "Crime
Criminal Analytics and Prediction System" (CAPS), which uses machine
learning algorithms to predict the likelihood of an accused person fleeing
the state. This system has reduced the dependence on subjective decisions
by police officers and judges, making the process more objective.

Other countries are moving ahead with rapid deployment in this area. In China,
for example, companies already have considerable resources and access to
voices, faces and other biometric data in vast quantities, which would help
them develop their technologies. This integrated database enables authorities
to keep track of criminals, potential law-breakers, and terrorists. China has
become the world’s leading AI-powered surveillance state.

5. AI in Transforming Government

Less paperwork, quicker responses, a more efficient bureaucracy – AI has the

power to drastically change public administration. This tech comes with both
risks and opportunities that need to be understood and evaluated. It helps in
nore efficient Public administration, Policy making, Legal system and E-voting.
Gamification and role-playing could be the key to public servants analyzing
complex cases, coming up with better solutions, and truly understanding the
future of autonomous systems.

6. AI in Transportation

Transportation represents an area where AI and machine learning are

producing major innovations. Over $80 billion was invested in autonomous
vehicle technology between August 2014 and June 2017. Those investments
include applications both for autonomous driving and the core technologies
vital to that sector.
Autonomous vehicles—cars, trucks, buses, and drone delivery systems—use
advanced technological capabilities. Those features include automated vehicle
guidance and braking, lane-changing systems, the use of cameras and sensors
for collision avoidance, the use of AI to analyze information in real time, and
the use of high-performance computing and deep learning systems to adapt to
new circumstances through detailed maps.
Light detection and ranging systems (LIDARs) and AI are key to navigation and
collision avoidance. They are mounted on the top of vehicles that use imaging
in a 360-degree environment Along with sensors placed on the front, sides, and
back of the vehicle, these instruments provide information that keeps fast-
moving cars and trucks in their own lane, helps them avoid other vehicles,
applies brakes and steering when needed, and does so instantly so as to avoid
accidents.
Since these cameras and sensors compile a huge amount of information and
need to process it instantly to avoid the car in the next lane, autonomous
vehicles require high-performance computing, advanced algorithms, and deep
learning systems to adapt to new scenarios. This means that software is the
key, not the physical car or truck itself.
Advanced software enables cars to learn from the experiences of other vehicles
on the road and adjust their guidance systems as weather, driving, or road
conditions change
In addition to AI's fundamental role in operating autonomous vehicles, AI
technologies are used in transportation to manage traffic, predict flight delays,
and make ocean shipping safer and more efficient. In supply chains, AI is
replacing traditional methods of forecasting demand and predicting
disruptions, a trend accelerated by COVID-19 when many companies were
caught off guard by the effects of a global pandemic on the supply and demand
of goods.

7. AI in Smart cities

Metropolitan governments are using AI to improve urban service delivery.

Fire Department is using data analytics to optimize medical emergency
responses. The new analytics system recommends to the dispatcher an
appropriate response to a medical emergency call—whether a patient can be
treated on-site or needs to be taken to the hospital—by taking into account
several factors, such as the type of call, location, weather, and similar calls.
Officials are deploying this technology to prioritize responses and determine
the best ways to handle emergencies. They see AI as a way to deal with large
volumes of data and figure out efficient ways of responding to public requests.
Rather than address service issues in an ad hoc manner, authorities are trying
to be proactive in how they provide urban services.
A large number of metropolitan areas are adopting smart city applications that
use AI to improve service delivery, environmental planning, resource
management, energy utilization, and crime prevention, among other things.
Officials are using AI to manage energy usage and resource management. For
example Boston has launched a “City Hall To Go” that makes sure underserved
communities receive needed public services. It also has deployed “cameras and
inductive loops to manage traffic and acoustic sensors to identify gun shots.”
Through these and other means, metropolitan areas are leading the country in
the deployment of AI solutions.
Among the top applications noted in the report are smart meters for utilities,
intelligent traffic signals, e-governance applications, Wi-Fi kiosks, and radio
frequency identification sensors in pavement.

8. AI in National security

AI plays a substantial role in national defense. Artificial intelligence will

accelerate the traditional process of warfare so rapidly that a new term has
been coined: hyperwar.
In the end, warfare is a time competitive process, where the side able to decide
the fastest and move most quickly to execution will generally prevail. Indeed,
artificially intelligent intelligence systems, tied to AI-assisted command and
control systems, can move decision support and decision making to a speed
vastly superior to the speeds of the traditional means of waging war.
So fast will be this process, especially if coupled to automatic decisions to
launch artificially intelligent autonomous weapons systems capable of lethal
outcomes, that a new term has been coined specifically to embrace the speed
at which war will be waged: hyperwar.
AI will provide security, combat terrorism, and improve speech recognition
programs. The dual-use nature of many AI algorithms will mean AI research
focused on one sector of society can be rapidly modified for use in the security
sector as well. The goal of emerging technologies in this area is to meet the
warfighters’ needs and to increase the speed and agility of technology
development and procurement
American military is deploying AI to sift through the massive troves of data and
video captured by surveillance and then alert human analysts of patterns or
when there is abnormal or suspicious activity. In 2017, China issued a plan for
the country to “build a domestic industry worth almost $150 billion” by 2030.
As an example of the possibilities, the Chinese search firm Baidu has pioneered
a facial recognition application that finds missing people
The big data analytics associated with AI will profoundly affect intelligence
analysis, as massive amounts of data are sifted in near real time thereby
providing commanders and their staffs a level of intelligence analysis and
productivity heretofore unseen. Command and control will similarly be affected
as human commanders delegate certain routine, and in special circumstances,
key decisions to AI platforms, reducing dramatically the time associated with
the decision and subsequent action.
Preparing for hyperwar and defending critical cyber networks must become a
high priority because China, Russia, North Korea, and other countries are
putting substantial resources into AI.

9. AI in law

The discovery process -- sifting through documents -- in law is often

overwhelming for humans. Using AI to help automate the legal industry's labor-
intensive processes is saving time and improving client service. Law firms use
machine learning to describe data and predict outcomes, computer vision to
classify and extract information from documents, and (Natural Language
Processing) NLP to interpret requests for information.

10. AI in entertainment and media

The entertainment business uses AI techniques for targeted advertising,

recommending content, distribution, detecting fraud, creating scripts and
making movies. Automated journalism helps newsrooms streamline media
workflows reducing time, costs and complexity.
Newsrooms use AI to automate routine tasks, such as data entry and
proofreading; and to research topics and assist with headlines. How journalism
can reliably use ChatGPT and other generative AI to generate content is open
to question.

11. AI in Finance

Decisions about loans are now being made by software that can take into
account a variety of finely parsed data about a borrower, rather than just a
credit score and a background check. In addition, there are so-called robo-
advisers that create personalized investment portfolios, obviating the need for
stockbrokers and financial advisers. These advances are designed to take the
emotion out of investing and undertake decisions based on analytical
considerations, and make these choices in a matter of minutes.
A prominent example of this is taking place in stock exchanges, where high-
frequency trading by machines has replaced much of human decision making.
People submit buy and sell orders, and computers match them in the blink of
an eye without human intervention. Machines can spot trading inefficiencies or
market differentials on a very small scale and execute trades that make money
according to investor instructions.
Fraud detection represents another way AI is helpful in financial systems. It
sometimes is difficult to discern fraudulent activities in large organizations, but
AI can identify abnormalities, outliers, or deviant cases requiring additional
investigation. That helps managers find problems early in the cycle, before they
reach dangerous levels.

12. AI in job creation

Robots and machines are becoming smarter with artificial intelligence and are
taking over time-consuming, manual labour based jobs which might be
threatening but we need to address the fact that this has been an on-going
process. According to an 65% of the kids who are in schools today will end up
with jobs which do not exist today.
While unskilled jobs are under grave threat, AI will create room for a new
category of jobs which can be mastered with training. As AI becomes more and
more able to carry human-like functions it will replace jobs with certain human
attributes but will create new opportunities as well. When it comes to tactical
thinking, nuances of problem-solving, adaptive thinking, and thinking-out-of-
the-box abilities, AI is still way behind the human brain. 
AI will cut off the monotonous jobs on the table (like data entry and a certain
level of accounting) but human resource-based jobs like customer care, sales
and marketing, innovation, and research will continue to be in high demand
along with specialized jobs in the field of AI itself.
AI Cannot Express Emotional Intelligence. The growth of artificial intelligence
(AI) must be accompanied by a rise in career opportunities for people with high
emotional intelligence. These include managers, legal and ethical advisors,
directors, and administrators. Machines cannot manifest unique human traits
like empathy, creativity, and critical thinking, which play key roles in the
workplace.
AI is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines. Therefore, as
its adoption grows, it will create new opportunities for people to build,
program, and maintain these intelligent machines. Currently, there are millions
of AI-related job roles available in organizations across the world, but there
aren’t enough qualified workers available to fill all of these roles.
New jobs will open up in engineering, software design, and programming. So
for every clerk, security agent, or factory worker that loses their jobs, there’ll
be more data detectives, robotics engineers, machine managers, and
programmers gainfully employed.

13. AI in Bridging Language Divides

Whether it’s teaching new languages in a personalized way or translating
speech and text in real-time, AI-powered language tools from Duolingo to
Skype are bridging social and cultural divides in our workplaces, classrooms
and everyday lives. Digital translation services are not perfect but they offer a
means of understanding that might not otherwise be possible.

14. AI in manufacturing

 Manufacturers are increasingly turning to artificial intelligence (AI) solutions

like machine learning (ML) and deep learning neural networks to better analyse
data and make decisions. Artificial intelligence (AI) solutions assist
manufacturers in predicting when or whether functioning equipment will break
so that maintenance and repair may be planned before the failure takes
place. Thus it helps in preventing future problems. Many applications and
benefits of AI in production are possible, including more accurate demand
forecasting and less material waste. 
More correctly than humans, AI-powered software can anticipate the price of
commodities, and it also improves with time. The upkeep of a desired degree
of quality in a service or product is known as quality assurance. Utilizing
machine vision technology, AI systems can spot deviations from the norm
because the majority of flaws are readily apparent. 
Organizations may attain sustainable production levels by optimizing processes
with the use of AI-powered software. 
Manufacturing has been at the forefront of incorporating robots into
the workflow. For example, the industrial robots that were at one time
programmed to perform single tasks and separated from human workers,
increasingly function as cobots: Smaller, multitasking robots that collaborate
with humans and take on responsibility for more parts of the job in
warehouses, factory floors and other workspaces.
15. AI in Security

AI techniques are being successfully applied to multiple aspects of

cybersecurity, including anomaly detection, solving the false-positive
problem and conducting behavioral threat analytics.
Organizations use machine learning in security information and event
management (SIEM) software and related areas to detect anomalies and
identify suspicious activities that indicate threats. By analyzing data and using
logic to identify similarities to known malicious code, AI can provide alerts to
new and emerging attacks much sooner than human employees and previous
technology iterations.

16. AI in banking

 Banks are successfully employing chatbots to make their customers aware of

services and offerings and to handle transactions that don't require human
intervention. AI virtual assistants are used to improve and cut the costs of
compliance with banking regulations. AI-based systems can help banks reduce
costs by increasing productivity and making decisions based on information
unfathomable to a human agent.
Banking organizations use AI to improve their decision-making for loans, set
credit limits and identify investment opportunities.
Also, intelligent algorithms are able to spot fraudulent information in a matter
of seconds. 
Banking organizations use AI to improve their decision-making for loans, set
credit limits and identify investment opportunities.
Applications of AI in Banking and Finance :-
 Loan and credit Decisions
 Targeting market trends
 Data collection and analysis
 Predictive analysis
 Process automation
 Regulatory compliance
  Risk management
 Customer experience
 Chatbots
 Cybersecurity and fraud detection

17. AI in environmental sutainability

Artificial intelligence can apply powerful predictive capabilities and intelligent

grid systems to manage the supply and demand of renewable energy. For
example, more accurate weather forecasts can optimize efficiency, cut costs,
and unnecessary carbon pollution generation. Furthermore, it can improve
energy storage, efficiency, and load management, and assist in the integration
and reliabilities of renewables. In turn, this will facilitate dynamic pricing and
trading, resulting in market incentives. 
With the rise of companies like Tesla and increasing gas prices, more
companies are paying closer attention to the EV (Electric Vehicle) market, he
environmental benefits of switching over to an EV are glaringly obvious. Some
of those benefits include:
 Reduction of  traffic congestion and air pollution
 Improvement of supply chain logistics, such as the transport of cargo
 Warrant more autonomous driving capability
 Reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHS)
AI can be used in a variety of areas such as – Global warming, waste
management, wildlife care, geographic information system, Environmental risk
management, Energy concerns, Land-use planning and Geo-science.

18. AI in business

Artificial intelligence has a wide range of uses in businesses, including

streamlining job processes and aggregating business data.
Machine learning algorithms are being integrated into analytics and customer
relationship management (CRM) platforms to uncover information on how to
better serve customers. Chatbots have been incorporated into websites to
provide immediate service to customers. The rapid advancement of generative
AI technology such as ChatGPT is expected to have far-reaching consequences:
eliminating jobs, revolutionizing product design and disrupting business
models.
Application of AI in business can be seen in following ways :-
 Predictive maintenance
Predictive maintenance is an important part of any industry or business relying
on equipment. Rather than waiting until a piece of equipment breaks down,
companies can use predictive maintenance to project when maintenance will
be needed, thereby preventing downtime and reducing operating costs.
Machine learning and deep learning have the capacity to analyze large
amounts of multifaceted data, which can increase the precision of predictive
maintenance. For example, AI practitioners can layer in data from new inputs,
like audio and image data, which can add nuance to a neural network’s
analysis.
 Logistics optimization
Using AI to optimize logistics can reduce costs through real-time forecasts and
behavioral coaching. For example, AI can optimize routing of delivery traffic,
improving fuel efficiency and reducing delivery times.
 Customer service
AI techniques in call centers can enable a more seamless experience for
customers and more efficient processing. The technology goes beyond
understanding a caller’s words: deep-learning analysis of audio can assess a
customer’s tone. If a caller is getting upset, the system can reroute to a human
operator or manager.
 Marketing and sales. 
Generative AI can craft personalized marketing, social-media, and technical-
sales content, including text, images, and video.
 AI AND SDG
(SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS)

Evidence shows that AI may act as an enabler on 134 targets (79%) across all
SDGs, generally through a technological improvement, which may allow to
overcome certain present limitations. However, 59 targets (35%, also across all
SDGs) may experience a negative impact from the development of AI.
AI may act as an enabler for the targets by supporting the provision of food,
health, water, and energy services to the population. It can also underpin low-
carbon systems, for instance, by supporting the creation of circular economies
and smart cities that efficiently use their resources.
AI can enable smart and low-carbon cities encompassing a range of
interconnected technologies such as electrical autonomous vehicles and smart
appliances that can enable demand response in the electricity sector.  AI can
also help to integrate variable renewables by enabling smart grids that partially
match electrical demand to times when the sun is shining and the wind is
blowing.
Thus despite having certain shortcomings as well, AI has been an enabler in the
attaining of the following SDGs :-

SDG – 2 Zero Hunger

SDG – 3 Good Health and Well-being
SDG – 4 Quality Education
SDG – 7 Affordable and Clean Energy
SDG – 8 Decent work and Economic Growth
SDG – 9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
SDG – 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities
SDG – 12 Responsible consumption and Production
SDG – 13 Climate Action
SDG – 16 Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions