Unit 9: CITIES OF THE FUTURE

A. PRONUNCIATION
I. Choose a word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from others.
1. A. dweller B. overcrowded C. network D. waste
2. A. commercial B. electricity C. advanced D. processing
3. A. inhabitant B. geography C. radiation D. available
4. A. upgrade B. presentation C. description D. consumption
5. A. disposal B. optimistic C. population D. Occupy
6. A. talk B. panel C. polluted D. explain
7. A. understand B. impact C. panel D. Presentation
8. A. peasant          B. decrease                    C. leaves            D. peaceful
9. A. critical          B. academic                    C. university        D. excited
10. A. cuisine          B. shine                    C. pine                D. underline
II. Choose a word that has different stressed syllable from others.
1. A. organiser B. comfortable C. technology D. populated
2. A. presentation B. pessimistic C. residential D. innovative
3. A. renewable B. sustainable C. insfrastructure D. environment
4. A. familiar B. generate C. assignment D. pollutant
5. A. overcrowded B. inhabitant C. geography D. convenient
6. A. assignment B. environment C. technology D. energy
7. A. liveable B. discussion C. polluted D. develop
8. A. generate B. electricity C. transport D. Interesting
9. A. supply           B. tourist                    C. emerge           D. superb
10. A. environment         B. responsible           C. environmental          D. response
B. VOCABULARY
I. Give the Vietnamese meaning of the words in the list.
1. city dweller /ˈsɪti - ˈdwelə(r)/ (n)   ………………………………………………….
2. detect /dɪˈtekt/(v)   ………………………………………………….
3. infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/(n)   ………………………………………………….
4. inhabitant /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/(n)    ………………………………………………….
5. liveable /ˈlɪvəbl/   ………………………………………………….
6. optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/(adj)   ………………………………………………….
7. overcrowded /ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/ (adj)   ………………………………………………….
8. pessimistic /ˌpɛsɪˈmɪstɪk/ (adj)   ………………………………………………….
9. quality of life /ˈkwɒlɪti/ /ɒv/ /laɪf/   ………………………………………………….
10. renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/(adj)   ………………………………………………….
11. sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/(adj)   ………………………………………………….
12. upgrade /ˌʌpˈɡreɪd/(v)   ………………………………………………….
13. urban /ˈɜːbən/   ………………………………………………….
14. urban planner /ˈɜːbən/ /ˈplænə/    ………………………………………………….
15. urban sprawl /ˈɜrbən/ /sprɔl/   ………………………………………………….
II. Complete each sentence with one suitable word.
radiation insoluble detect overcrowded 
generate
liveable renewable  sustainable  infrastructure improve
1. Scientists are seeking ways to______________ electricity from recyclable waste.
2. The government needs to solve the pollution problems to make the
city_________________ .
3. A lot of money has been allocated for upgrading basic_____________ in the countryside.
4. Pollution and heavy traffic are common problems in _______________ cities.
5. Newly-discovered_______________ levels in one of the Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant's
reactors are stunningly high.
6. Farmers should use __________________ methods to produce clean and healthy food.
7. Linda is highly regarded because she is able to solve problems which seem _____________.
8. We are carrying out some tests to______________ the cause of massive fish death.
9. Many researchers claim that yoga practice and physical activities can _______________
people’s quality of life.
10. The most common ________________ sources of energy are the wind and sun.
III. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete the sentence.
1. Local authorities should find ways to limit the use of private cars and encourage city ____ to
use public transport.
A. commuters B. planners C. dwellers D. people
2. To get ready for the presentation, we can start preparing the slides while Jeremy will do the
____.
A. speaking B. telling C. talking D. speech
3. Located about 60 km southwest of Seoul, this eco city has been planned around a central
park and designed so that every resident can walk to work in the business ____.
A. district B. area C. location D.
organisation
4. The waste ____ system here is also innovative. There are no rubbish trucks or waste bins in
the street.
A. dump B. disposal C. landfill D. throwaway
5. London is a/an ____ city. It's a melting pot for people from all parts of the world.
A. international B. national C. metropolitan D.
cosmopolitan
6. Cities in poorer countries often lack basic ____. Without it, they are unable to function
properly as cities.
A. structure B. construction C. infrastructure D. condition
7. The ____ of living in some places can be very high. Prices in London are particularly
exorbitant.
A. value B. price C. worth D . cost
8. Urban ____ is prevalent in most cities. Everywhere you go there are building sites,
pedestrian precincts, blocks of flats, and housing estates spreading into the countryside.
A. sprawl B. expansion C. widening D. spread
9. This safe, ____ friendly city is like a paradise for its inhabitants who can enjoy the highest
quality of life.
A. environment B. environmental C. environmentally D.
environmentalist
10. ____ waste is putting city dweller's health at a real risk.
A. Treatment B. Untreated C. Non-treatment D. Non-treated
11. Every month, scientists invent new gadgets and ____ to help us with our daily lives, and
discover ways to make existing technology faster and better.
A. experiments B. effects C. laboratories D. equipment
12. Unlike the country where the day often ends quite early in the evening, the city offers its
people exciting ____.
A. activities B. performances C. nightlife D. night clubs
13. The roads are terrible. I'm always getting ____ in traffic.
A. stuck B. lost C. exhausted D. late
14. A pedestrian ____ is a specified place on the road where people can cross.
A. crossroads B. crossing C. junction D. T-junction
15. Everything's a bit more expensive here and property prices are extremely high. A lot of
people have no choice but to live in the ____ and commute in to work.
A. outskirt B. suburbs C. city D. urban
16. It's much safer for cyclists to get around these days with cycle ____ everywhere.
A. lanes B. streets C. roads D. paths
17. The ____ is where you'll find all the large department stores and banks.
A. city heart B. town hall C . city centre D. business
district
18. Exhaust ____ from cars are responsible for much of the air pollution in cities.
A. fumes B. smokes C. gases D . smog
19. Many factories still allow ____, such as toxic waste, to flow into our rivers
A. pollution B. litters C. garbage D. pollutants
20. Many commuters struggling to work through the rush-hour ____ ask 'Is it worth it?'
A. congestion B. vehicles C. roads D. accidents
21. It is perhaps, the daily stresses and ____ of the city which make life there a matter of
survival rather than of enjoyment.
A depresses B. strains C. demands D. challenges
22. Most cars nowadays are fitted with a security ____ of some kind.
A. motor B. gadget C. tool D. device
23. The greenhouse ____ takes place when certain gases in the atmosphere trap sun's heat.
A emission B. gas C. effect D. affect
 24. Pollution and heavy traffic are common problems in ____ cities.
A cosmopolitan B. modern C. metropolitan D.
overcrowded
25. Millions of people around the world still live in poverty. They are struggling every day
simply to ____.
A. get up B. get by C. get on D. get round
IV. Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning.
1. Today Islamabad is a thriving city of about 1 million people. It offers a healthy climate, a
pollution-free atmosphere, plenty of water, and many green spaces.
A. healthy B. prosperous C. modern D. green
2. Scientists hope that this new drug will be a major breakthrough in the fight against AIDS.
A. new cure B. important therapy C. sudden remedy D. dramatic
development
3. They design and carry out projects aiming to reduce fossil fuel consumption, find renewable
fuels for public transport, and promote other clean air efforts.
A. inexhaustible B. recyclable C. green D.
environmentally-friendly
4. The urban planners are working for Eco Infrastructure Network, whose main function is to
deal with urban environmental problems to make Super Star City greener, cleaner, and more
sustainable.
A. eye-catching B. developed C. long-lasting D. friendly
5. If we have solar panels on our roofs, we'll be able to generate our own electricity.
A. afford B. produce C. manufacture D. light
6. I believe the government will use advanced technology to build faster trains and make
people's life more comfortable.
A. modern B. expensive C. public D. latest
7. Many city dwellers, especially those in developing countries, still live in poverty.
A. people B. migrants C. immigrants D. residents
8. These projects have proved to be very effective in dealing with global climate change, which
was considered an insoluble problem in the first 30 years of this century.
A. hard B. challenging C. unsolvable D. unbearable
9. There's a real mix of people in Brighton. It has a very cosmopolitan feel to it.
A. busy B. hectic C. multi-cultural D. diversified
10. People who hold optimistic view believe that cities of the future will increase the general
well-being of individuals and societies.
A. health state B. quality of life C. level of development D. growth
rate
V. Choose the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning .
1. If I take the pessimistic viewpoint, Tokyo won't be a safe place to live in.
A. negative B. optimistic C. optical D. neutral
 2. To reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere, ways to limit the use of private cars must
be found.
A. public B. personal C. common D. shared
3. People who live in towns and cities live in an urban environment.
A. remote B. deserted C. suburban D. rural
4. There is pollution not only of the physical environment because the various pressure of
urban life causes cities to breed crime.
A. social B. mental C. moral D. manual
5. Governments have to join hands to solve the environmental problems on a global scale.
A. worldwide B. nationwide C. local D.
international
C. GRAMMAR
I. Fill in each blank with the correct form of question tag.
1. A bicycle sharing system was developed to encourage city dwellers to use
bicycles, __________?
2. Most bicycle sharing stations are located near other public transport stops, __________?
3. Some large buildings have used solar panels to produce their own hot water, __________?
4. Lauren never misses a lecture on American study, __________?
5. It's urgent to upgrade the city's transport infrastructure, __________?
6. Anyone entering this room without permission will get a fire, __________?
7. I'm not disturbing you now, __________?
8. I'm working well with you on our project, __________?
9. I think these are your papers, __________?
10. Somebody’s just called my name, __________?
11. They want to come, __________?
12. Elizabeth is a dentist, __________?
13. They won’t be here, __________?
14. That is your umbrella, __________?
15. There aren’t many people here yet, __________?
16. He has a bicycle, __________?
17. Peter would like to come with us to the party, __________?
18. Those aren’t Fred’s books, __________?
19. You have never been to Paris, __________?
20. Something is wrong with Jane today, __________?
21. Everyone can learn how to swim, __________?
22. Nobody cheated in the exam, __________?
23. Nothing went wrong while I was gone, __________?
24. I am invited, __________?
25. This bridge is not very safe, __________?
 26. These sausages are delicious, __________?
27. You haven’t lived here long, __________?
28. The weather forecast wasn’t very good, __________?
29. He’d better come to see me, __________?
30. You need to stay longer, __________?
II. Choose the word or the phrase A, B, C or D. that best completes the sentence.
1. This is the right DVD, ____?
A. isn't this B. is this C. isn't it D. is it
2. I'm not the only one, ____?
A. aren't I B. am I C. am not I D. are not I
3. Let's go out tonight, ____?
A. shall we B. will we C. could we D. would we
4. Don't forget to write to me soon, ____?
A. would you B. could you C. can you D. will you
5. Nothing frightens you, ____?
A. does it B. doesn't it C. do they D. don't they
6. Somebody's just called my name, ____?
A. hasn't he B. didn't he С . haven't they D. have they
7. I suppose you don't like the course, ____?
A. don't I B. do I C. don't you D. do you
8. Everyone's going to be there, ____?
A. isn't he B. is he C. aren't they D. are they
9. We never enjoy our city break, ____?
A. do we B. don't we C. have we D. haven't we
10. There will be more and more megacities in the world,
A. will it B. won't it C. will there D. won't there
11. No one wants to live in a polluted city, ____?
A. do they B. don't they C. does he D. doesn't he
12. I think city dwellers can enjoy an exciting nightlife, ____?
A. don't you think B. don't I C. can't they D. can they
13. There's hardly anything that can be done to reduce pollution, ____?
A. isn't there B. is there C. can it D. can't it
14. You have to wear uniform when going to work, ____?
A. haven't you B. have you C. do you D. don't you
15. We are supposed to submit the assignment by Friday, ____?
A. don't we B. are we C. aren't we D. do we
16. Put these flowers near the window, ____?
 A. will you B. would you C. could you D. all are
correct
17. None of the old people likes living in urban areas, ____?
A. do them B. does he C. do they D. don't they
18. Neither of the locations was ideal for a new shopping mall, ____?
A. were they B. was it C. weren't they D. wasn't it
19. I believe nothing serious happened, ____?
A. did it B. didn't it C. do I D. don't I
20. Sophie has got no major problems living in the new city, ____?
A. hasn't she B. has she C. does she D. doesn't she
21. Sarah will be very annoyed if Dave ____ her this evening.
A. won't call B. not call C. doesn't call D. will call
22. When you ____ with your computer, can I borrow it?
A. have finished B. will finish C. will have finished D. are
finishing
23. If you like peace and quiet, ____ move to the town to live.
A. you won't B. you will C. let's D. don't
24. If you go by air, it ____ you around two hours to get to Ho Chi Minh City from Ha Noi.
A. would take B. takes C. took D. spends
25. ____ he do well in the exam, his parents will buy him an MP3 player.
A. If B. When C. Should D. Were
26. You are expected to fasten the seatbelt ____ you are driving.
A. when B. if C. whenever D. all are
correct
27. If you need help, ____ me!
A. will tell B. let's tell C. let tell D. tell
28. If unemployment is rising, people ____ to stay in their current jobs.
A. tend B. will tend C. have tended D . would tend
29. If you see Karen, ____ you ask her to call me?
A. shall B. will C. do D . would
30. If you bully someone, you ____ them to do things against their will.
A. will force B. forced C. force D. would
force
III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each
of the following questions.
1. Won't you be a lot happier if Dad came home this weekend?
A. Won't B. a lot C. if D. came home
2 Should Jade gets to interview a famous politician, she will ask lots of difficult questions.
A. gets B. to interview C. will D. lots of
 3. If her condition should improve, we inform you immediately.
A. If B. should C. improve D. inform
4. I don't want a brother or sister, unless it will happens, of course.
A. don't want B. or C. unless D. will
5. If you meet John, will tell him I want to see him.
A. meet B. will tell C. want D. to see
6. None of your friends really enjoyed themselves at the party, didn't they?
A. your friends B. enjoyed C. themselves D. didn't they
7. If you borrow my coat, don't get it dirty, can you?
A. If B. borrow C. don't get D. can you
8. You never work more than you have to, do you?
A. never B. work C. than D. have to
9. You made no effort to make friends with Darren, didn't you?
A. made B. effort C. to make D. didn't you
10. You sent that letter I gave you, haven't you?
A. You B. sent C. that D. gave
D. SPEAKING
1. “____?" – "It's ten minutes' walk from here.”
A. How long does it take to get to the town centre? B. Can you show me the way to the
town centre?
C. How far is it from here to the town centre? D. How can we get to the town
centre?
2. “What a boring lecture!" - “____”
A. Yes, it was dull, wasn't it? B. I don't agree. It's dull.
C. It's interesting, wasn't it? D. I'm sorry not.
3. “I believe people will have a better life in the future.” - “____ Life will be more enjoyable
than it is today, won't it?”
A. No, I don't think so. B. Not exactly. C. Yes, I agree. D. You can't
be right.
4. ” ____” – “That's right. London will be cleaner and more sustainable.”
A. This means there'll be no pollution, will there?
B. This means there'll be no pollution, won't there?
C. This means there won't be no pollution, will there?
D. This means there'll be no pollution, doesn't it?
5. "What's the weather forecast?” – “____”
A. Don't forget your raincoat, will you?
B. Don't forget your raincoat, do you?
C. It's going to rain. Don't forget your raincoat, will you?
D. It's going to rain. Don't forget your raincoat, do you?
6. “Global warming will continue to be a big threat to life on earth.” – “____”
A. We can't afford to ignore its effects any longer.
B. Then we can't afford to ignore its effects any longer, can we?
C. So don't ignore its effects any longer.
D. Please don't ignore its effects any longer.
7. “Oh, I'm sorry! Am I disturbing you?” – “____”
A. Sure, you're a real nuisance! B. You're such a pain in the neck!
C. No, never mind. D. No, you're OK.
8. “In 2050, London won't be a good place to live in, will it?” – “____”
A. Exactly, it will be. B. On the contrary, it will be.
C. I'm sorry, it will be. D. Unfortunately, it will be.
9. “I'm going to the supermarket now. Do you need anything?” – “____”
A. Get me some cheese and some oil, may you?
B. Get me some cheese and some oil, can't you?
C. Get me some cheese and some oil, could you?
D. Get me some cheese and some oil, couldn't you?
10. “I don't have any plans for tonight.” – “____”
A. Why not going to the cinema with me? B. I suggest to go to the cinema.
C. Let's go to the cinema, shall we? D. What if going to the cinema?
11. “What if I quit more than 3 sessions?” – “____”
A. You won't take the final exam. B. You wouldn't take the final exam.
C. You wouldn't be able to take the final exam. D. You can't take the final exam.
12. “____” – “Yes, I love it here. Everything I want is only five minutes away.”
A. It's convenient to live here, isn't it? B. It's comfortable to live here, isn't
it?
C. It's inconvenient to live here, isn't it? D. It's uncomfortable to live here,
isn't it?
13. “City dwellers are always so busy, aren't they?" – "____”
A. No, they aren't. Everybody's rushing about all the time.
B. Not really. Everybody's rushing about all the time.
C. I'm not sure. Everybody's rushing about all the time.
D. Yes, everybody's rushing about all the time.
14. “____” – “London's so big. It took me ages to find my way round.”
A. What about London? B. What was London?
C. How was London? D. How about London?
15. “Most cities aren't safe places to live, are they?" – "____”
A. No, I'm afraid. There are always what they call ‘no-go areas'.
B. Yes, they are. There are always what they call ‘no-go areas’.
C. Well, the opposite is true. There are always what they call ‘no-go areas’.
 D. On the contrary. There are always what they call ‘no-go areas'.
E. READING
I. Read and choose the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbers blanks.
MARRAKECH
Where can you go in January for almost guaranteed sunshine – without traveling for most of the
day to get there? The answer is Marrakech in Morocco, a four-hour (1) ________ from Britain,
where the average temperature is a pleasant 66°F. Marrakech is a city of (2) ________ beauty,
with its pink buildings and green palm trees contrasting with the snow-covered (3) _________ of
the Atlas
Mountains in the distance. For tourists, there’s the added attraction of excellent food at
reasonable prices, and high-quality accommodation, such as Hotel La Momounia, regarded as
one of the top hotels in the world. (4) ______ Marrakech is one of Morocco’s busiest and most
modem cities, the influence of the Middle Ages is still very evident. Sightseers can admire the
battlements, towers, and mosques, which were built (5) __________ centuries ago. And forget
about shopping malls – for perfumes, fabrics, antiques, spices, and crafts, (6)_______ the
‘souks’, open-air market places where you’ll almost (7)_________ find something to take back
home. For those who want to (8)_________ sport Marrakech has plenty to offer. (9) ______ to
golf and tennis, there is also skiing ọn the slopes of the High Atlas Mountains, where the (10)
__________ of the surrounding area are quite spectacular. Alternatively, you could just relax bỵ
a heated swimming pool and dream of your next visit.
1. A. travel B. trip C. flight D. voyage
2. A. big B. great C. large D. high
3. A. peaks B. hill C. heads D. surfaces
4. A. Because B.However C. Despite D. Although
5. A. several B. plenty C. other D. all
6. A. work out B. put up with C. head for D. make up for
7. A. likely B. certainly C. probably D. possibly
8. A. do B. exercise C. take off D. go in
9. A. As well B. Apart C. In addition D. Moreover
10. visions B. views C. aspects D. Appearances
II. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
A NEW CAPITAL
When the new State of Pakistan was íbunded in 1947, Karachi acted as the Capital city.
However, it was difficult for Karachi to remain in this role due to a number of drawbacks such as
the climate and the State of the existing buildings. Rather than try to overcome these drawbacks,
the government decided to create a new Capital city. In 1959, a commission was established to
investigate the possible locations of this new city. The advisor appointed to the commission was
Dr. Doxiadis, a famous architect and city planner.
Dr. Doxiadis and his colleagues looked at various locations. They then produced a report
suggesting two possible areas: one just outside Karachi and the other to the north of Rawalpindi.
Both locations had advantages as well as disadvantages. Which site was it to be?
The choice between these two options was made after consideration of many factors, such as
transportation, the availabilities of water, economic factors, and factors of national interest.
Finally, the site north of Rawalpindi was chosen and on the 24th February 1960, the new Capital
was given the name of ‘Islamabad’ and a master plan was drawn up. This master plan divided the
area into three different sections: Islamabad itself, neighboring Rawalpindi, and the national
park.
Each of these three sections had a different role. Islamabad would act as the nation’s
Capital and would serve its administrative and cultural needs, whereas Rawalpindi would remain
the regional center with industry and commerce. The third piece of the plan, the national park,
was planned to provide space for education, recreation, and agriculture.
Today Islamabad is a thriving city of about 1 million people. It offers a healthy climate, a
pollution-free atmosphere plenty of water, and many green spaces. It has wide, tree-lined streets,
elegant public buildings, and well-organized bazaars and shopping centers. The new Capital is a
superb example of good urban planning.
1. Why was a commission founded in 1959?
A. To overcome the drawbacks of Karachi as a Capital city
B. To create a new Capital city for Pakistan
C. To look into possibilities of the locations for a new Capital City
D. to appoint an advisor for planning the new Capital city
2. How many places were suggested for the new Capital city in the initial report?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
3. Which of the following factors was NOT considered when choosing the location for the new
Capital city?
A. The climate and the State of the existing buildings C. Economic issues
B. Transportation and the availabilities of water D. Issues of national
interest
4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Islamabad would serve cultural needs.
B. Rawalpindi would be the regional center with industry and commerce.
C. The national park would provide space for agriculture.
D. Islamabad would play the most important role of all.
5. What does the passage primarily describe?
A. The history of the two Capital cities of Pakistan.
B. The disappearance of the old Capital city of Pakistan.
C. The reasons why Islamabad became the new Capital city of Pakistan.
D. The choice and development of Islamabad as the modem Capital of Pakistan.
F. WRITING
I. Combine each pair of sentences to make one sentence using the Conditional Sentences
Type 0.
1. You heat water to 100 degrees. It boils.

2. It rains. The grass gets wet.

 3. Plants don't get enough water and sunlight. They often die.

4. My mom doesn't sleep well. She drinks coffee before bed.

5. The menu appears on the screen. You press this button twice.

II. Write full sentences from the given words using the Conditional Sentences Type 0.
1. If/ she/ work hard/ she/ have/ enough money to make ends meet

2. He/ usually/ get embarrassed/ if he/ make a mistake/ when speaking English

3. It/ not matter/ if/ some of you/ come/ late

4. When/ Mary/ listen to classical music/ she/ always/ feel happy

5. My dog/ sit down/ when/ I/ say 'sit'

6. If/ I/ not/ get home on time/ my dad/ shout at me

7. Ben/ often/ play loud music/ if/ he/ be/ at home alone
 .___________________________________________________________________.