1 Apramsingt PUBLISHED IY: Quantum Publications? Gtatot Quantum Page Pvt Pena SOOT, Sea tnd A Sind hated 291010 Phone 0120-41609 oil pgeauanngmaicm Website: woveqantumage cain Delhi Ome : 1/590, Hart Rabls Nagar, Shahar, Delhi a003e Manes sa tS cei eee Tamim cnabedn lena o daval omnes ved teri Ere rtoa been mode oe egy howeer ier he Puli ort ote {fannie Be ncaeyoompeenns of ners ‘ial rin ana nir poise rrthe sors hate espresso cr damages Sol ot of fe eran, Ye Elton : 20708 Ben «2001-12 5 Fates | 201219, 4 ation = 201918 1 Raten © 207415, Raion + 201516 ‘Raion: 901627 (Raison: 2017.18 9 Raison: 201819 10 Baion : 030-20 . 18 Rakion: 202021 Pheourhy vied Bain) rie: R410 oly ; —————————————— Finca aR, DOT ‘us 2: LINK LAVER (Wars NETWORKLAVER tours: TRansrorr Laven TTCONTENTS perenne wet: INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS i Se Coe apt ft B ‘Steger ti Ognsareef einna rme, ‘ganas ares ces epson po eerie tee pe re aaa Ate re lene Saaremaa Fein, ior Destin ad Cac, Fe oad Daren Se nciaeta Sorte mera Earner ‘ridge and spacning ty algeria) ear .1mes20m) ‘tio pant never, Lop alta Rt intenng (bk A Ra ic, cy ts eg ‘otocal Congestion stra sigan Bee” “A ‘rant grces ery, Trey ye paket (UOP tad CH losin Conta ang, He ane sa Senha de etme 1 ng cl ‘Units: apruicarioN LAvER (1B 527m Fee thai em ene Mawel a op ‘Set memenent at omni Soper ae Sion? questions so1Besoism ‘SOLVED PAPERS 2015-1670 2018:19) rimesrase)sepia newer ca dnd ea cleston ode ‘Reodecanbeany devs capable rnmnitng ot ecrng at. ‘Tye smn nodes veto soe by cont ih etwortsarcoteoricd othe as hs, ‘Te tires bs etgoris of empuer ato 2 Local Area Network DAN) 1 Laie ey tad ofl tare 4 Thay be pate eae ant oat a ete ice an ‘hee oa oe ote for oft Ving sr «LAN sot oh constngof ke amps an etre beng 1b Wide Area Network OWA)" Wan ede ofl the ets in ose tare Reeth a thst nt tr Pde ot (6 Motropoitan Area Neewor MAN): LAMAN gain between LAN and WAN. Sessler hon LAN bt nll an WAS Tey compris the entire etme yi NOIDA (BERR cern the goat and appleation of network. Cos rutin hari arden andar toes.ope twa Tree tag eee tp oendins vay by akingit ser een data ee ners by rin he sree peterson, the work iting roan ap ut, og nag dee shai madre po deep ene ene Begone areca ene ee rn and tone Fund re (EP Steere manage tween wo nd ore wer In “Wh applcaton or an afr th etrmaton athe fom | saniciitsens) nidaareecel ‘Ping ae th léeret alegre nctwork 1 LAN eal Areaetwor Laat es Netne ia rey of caters connected occ “SSiooghtcommunicton nda sce fined us coal Sn oot bie wa amps ake Scent agar an eras ol cl rea Netwek prvi icher sc 2 PAN (Personal AreaNetwors)s 1 ron ra oor none vane within sini perma tel sa avage ot 0 mer | Ta MAN, are LANE are conscte o eae Str sroueh a {Siphon extange oe "A Wide Area Notork ie matvor ht sti oe large | Wid Are Network isnot mite Yo asl eatin, bat i ‘ane ers ange grograhieal ree troughs isles na, Bee opscabo ar ouaieinksLan esrrsem) ETAT] ete eration teat 7 fewaeCeund ars cre moter ane eon ‘iin itunes itreeseorepbelois ‘haw tres mst hare ata a eter pees eter mutsopne SCP a SSiceieEii Palioesioe atm inate ‘Tisai he frm af sma. nen wae mena ‘ner nb range rs 28 BAG aes ee emt vnc te Depending on mbt sewer yur compe ecient, ‘worl alone tongeray or prain. ERT] ite short ste on 8. eel 1 Inert Sri Pre SP) acompeywhichyeierntereat 2 ‘hore ae 2 leas of eran Service Prova (SP) Tier IS, ‘Dev DiGh and Tia SIS? 4. These IP are at te top th here nd hy ave al reac Tey Jt a oa erst nage ‘ha ator ata lowe ar 18 havo pay cart iuketienetstie ae ene ‘General, 15Ps a the same rel ona ned lier ond Blow fe Wai peas tech tine Sua SPY et ele ‘Duets cot issavd. Tey ul iatracaretoprovie ‘elo altir internet Service Province apostrsen) eta ISP, * fetes ad nerd Re 1 The hve sexo ron sesh and ny Baars ue the ent is Sse e Tersise. 45 The Pr dat the one a ap hen to ssautet hers by eagiy ve ay ‘These fe wrk en pragma Tne BY bare soon cat Tar Shs ado ae peed ETT rh tenets Inodsory Concent ‘ye ope etn ecicae e d 5 Pegnte Per ewaieanuenerkin wile comprare lined tir with aga ping ma rrp Freving bea een ecto Der xe ul eal ovina wp Poorer aeioc ht deed sere, ‘Soa principe eat copter sharing the ‘carts bt an ad a eiem cone GienServr Networks ‘Gietree network etn wed Ssind fr the ee ‘ered cat te wet mute seh rege ee {He tm coma oes knw arse ‘Tae sil conta haowa as «server wile ll ier ‘tpt be etrork cad one ‘Asurver erfonel the Serork amngment, nnn YA ‘Assos respon managing ete phe en ‘tseconee patent * Allth ientscomusct witha oie hugh seu. er ‘amp ett wats tosend some Stent en, ‘ena the reqs To Us srr te pet es see ‘ods th espe toh cen | isos eens, ‘ieeteaeabi Naat rm ott den TTS nae te nats ant niente tee | per tale oer tee? Advantages of euro pear network: 1. slaty eit aorot etin any dite 2 Wovestmuter ioe nerking the conpaers wet tp wor Riser tort pad manana compte nanan ts. ‘Disndvantag of porst-per meter: 1. Teiesnteotain te canealne pte Tre eames ac Tekst the daa recitation 12 Iehocnccany roa eesmenaed ite | Advantages of eienteerverntwork 1 Actenerver erotic ‘nbek a th data any 2 -ACteerver sinners intel eta is ‘Soca ie eo Sy eter in entero nt ara ae ivlied rtem Thente we Disadvantage of onveerveraetmorh: ee earver nme expensive sito th sve wih, 2 Arvo bas «Network Opening St ASE tat a tne af NOS. a muir 08) 9 prove the tite neo of ape archiecine What do 708 “andeesten by Inyeving pinion? _Neod oflgered architect we ae mntccuroeboe loins we Me ieat Ere eo mole em = pate rv oti, ing mach det, Bin elle vaste sn Sahat eal a egret Ske oem tere na tae Simian istropnnametand , Eceenae eee cc nae SEES Sra then pcan se ne 4 a, ens in och dred nae + perm bearers So Saeed 2 tis Pee ees “puthsies sould be identical US ae aemeienie Sana soaly Nose not rai cate eet ier RBBB tn ev ste te [Brot frie tetrad By the ger 1” Connsetion oriented series: te comecton rete ces arte he oe poi ‘Beales mete 1 Thess unr Uh oestriol are gen ae ewig enanes aepeatin Oban 5 Unethe comet HL Relae te emotion 1 Theconotion a a oe Th ender pte its rs ‘Telefe abe andthe soe tbe he tram te oS 44 The onder ie gnealy panel That mean be rer ais {holatare vata sho cerned ey ae ras 1 Samet er aabshings connie th eer so ese ‘an loan and gala shot garaelrs Be who ‘Susu tases, qn oer and other ns,L9B(CHTT-Sem.6) a 8 ce rnin pst ere, Es ttn ease Oa ages rut depres oto can rics mehoy gmc as mote « Merattsoicahatric aie {RTE wot do you moun by service primitives ? aa 1 Acree by satelite eval aie proven Sotto : od iinet, 8. Tonys oractinmoranted mri ze dient fro the ‘Scania withthe ore an in pete ere Soitetermenetement ee 4 Disoaneet Ts lent we DISCONNDCT enh cect [RST] wn do yu understand by the ems protocle and standart fn computer etorha? Protorls: 1 compar nner ommoiction oe babes ene ia dione 2 Aneniyaayhng pte a nding cing rman 18 Bement cotton bt team enc lher elope br ndenond ae ‘Aro aseofru hat gorern daa cman flladoreectthe nko Tose ne LISTEN to inate hatte prepared 1-108 (C3 Sem. ntact Cas Apel don ats mena viene ad 1, Tokay ments of potocl re aya, ati nl ig tended: 1 Astndrdyovds a mot deepen tht mae psa fo prot ork eres th inal nares ‘2 Standards are eel in eet aod malting so ope 22 ‘apes markt fo eqiptt Sanafctares ‘Bogen tial dtr interpreta snd 44 They provide guidelines tp manulararers, odor, povernment ‘Geclr and eberserc per 1 ataconmuolatn standard flint troestporie 44» Dejre ty law) standard De re standard toe th Ivebeenepdated by nol speed ey De facto hy fat standard Standards tht hae not Den ‘Storvedbysnornnand nytt bare tno doen ands ‘Such witeopread nae estar, ‘What x OS1 Mode!7 plain the functions protools il eons ot toh lagerpcs sen 6 nada Csene Computer Neworks pen (CIT Sea Ost moael: {.OStrefrnce mein en ee acters wich ee entaringrta acengeecamnoncesen ayn, Thee ed aiarsprcin ne] Splncalapercadhghort cn os 2 ated ps OS (pun Sytem Eaten ores i ESS Sse del on opn tna tm mee ‘Sinope rcmmnicaoswihetior =n Following or fhe dtferet lagers wth es nction: 1 Physleal layer Re peallapr ors WieEace wee spose ole ‘Fanetons and sarices of Pyatea ave The taper pra a ct 4 proera nrd etn iran Sasa er oe ‘Pasha eer le respi treme oomph Protoss of Physi! ayo BS ~ 252 AS - 48, Bibret (rea) ond ou Date in ayer edt yer rane pha tae Bi ittipent ron tnande ener | ‘ny re eee er Ponetion ond verve of Datnk rer aan tans cme neon flak ayer ete poie eintice tometer oe Tae rant ata ety i Thomann of Data nk ae Peat nan ctw aca, Reefer aston ner ofan machin aa edt ager: HDLC SULG IEE 022.25 © pee Networker = peerage i ener nwt eit oS Bhepatpace: Ae apr arr nec pea es rm it of a mscimn Pissilatna deste Fctstonaars ence h care ee eed ‘Pike ime pene eae to ‘nthe ond nervone of Matar ay ‘Ramer cf the evr pein: 2 esate 2 Saag forensing [Protacls temo ayer: PG ARD,IEMP. 5 (eat aie fh ete mma ‘By Tern ewuncingtts err eta nd tow trl at e seh ‘Foneticn and ecrvee of Tranapot layer |. marge esd ae nn pris poet ‘hdemiers thats ale sone ‘Thang oer mabe eh he mage ire othe TStpemuree eden mahi i mtn gy nt eae eg ae th protools of Transport ager TE, UDP. SCTR Semon layer Perfo peodediy et he yer tien tai, Tosa nent suri forse roceen 4 Memon nei the ebook ang cles ‘Hetaiahes mats ab opcronse he iaerton ween Ssnsnnsesting ses Functions and tories of Seaion Mer: ‘esas masala nea ein ‘Scie ayer enable tro sate tetra aang Tea loys pects alia chesioltioseraet a, ‘Protocee of enson layer PSAP, SAP 4 Proentation Inger ye preatton layer nmeced with te atau mec ibe atrmationexcbanged bomen wo He,Computer Neer Lisp (csmrsen) ‘Ponions and pros of Presentation Iver 4, Cresta edna rm ACT EBCDIC. {Data compression + Alms to eee the mbar fits | ok inks unatnd ee ster li. Data enerypton: Hapa toe daar coy aoe [Ripe rare wena frees ead ‘Protocels of Prenton yer LLC, BAC. 1 paplicatio ner i apap ae eer wth haan as, cecielieetear 1 poe marine adapt rae uh a ere ‘lire lw orn, hare nares gue ater pert debated intron vices “Function and rice of Apliaton Iyer Applet er you tly oomuneting ato aMfrmining Tesnareewalailty, and syachrnicing ‘Tis layer vin various {haere arated urna ste i bat ‘stormton aera ances rte Apllenting ler TELNET, FTE, SMPT, DNS | TET mean neal tony ie a Ot ference ‘model wih nea Boe diagram, a Funetionaly of every yer 1" Thephyseal liner ornate fos reid Srctmoerapepscedin 2 The datalink eer espns deter ata etm be siento encore 3. Mhenetworaperisrpsmsi rhe sce dat dairy faye ose clog aera 4 Te tanepre lage remo fr the sre tein Bivayelteatrememege ‘Reretonr bese coumuneogtoen ns mbes te LA RICSTE Sem) in Geis the presentation layer cosaresinteropertbiliy between ‘Shatnsating So coups antral Seen rma 44, Toeanplcation ayer enable the west as te tk. ‘lock diagram of OS ference modelan 18D (CST Sen RT epee tn te TOR ml ‘isos the TOPHP protect eitvon tobi of prota! nen | Pence * 1 Toe RAP protec mite esis Bw ager ata ik | ‘we mprs ad oi ee 2 erage eine cet een [origrnat bc Oat os a Ta B aoc one H = = Min she toma ae th OS del ome epreene in ‘ennPy Teng ae no a oppctn ler shorn Pound ‘ecaaniaal Layers CPAP made: 1." Pata an ata ik ayers (6 Ail pln we tai oer TCP doe nt dfn ony 1 eae 1 appa allahe sondrd nd proeetay potas © Antwor na TCP aerntvorLcan local eestor Ai or Wide arse Noor A, ak 2 Newer per A se lee, TOP a At TEP or pring oe Pret iia tt sd mein Protmcl offering a best effort delivery service. “4 ssg3 (CST Sen.) Intron Constr ‘p_AdrosRevoaton Protocol ARP) cuted edo a ‘adlvcswn tp ass ce Revere Adress Roolation Protocol HARE #1 los « [batts dave is ntaret adressen pea ere 4 Iatrnet Coir Mevenge Protocol ICMP) iss mean ‘Seti nstant puerto belong an ren Tek tothe ete ‘= Ihtemet Group Moseage Protea GMP): umde ite ‘Seamalionnsainsaefamangeion peupe pets 2 rmeperilayer nea pmtdin CHP ving Scot 1 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) +I i «pene geccse cet tn nyt addres conc oad [Rae foranca th data tram the oper see Femme rin TEM in ition TFT] nce ate nena dens. on ‘What are the components of acter? 1 Repentars 1 heaps pat i pale?arose) pees nn 5 ier eset tcc ee ehiegerencmmestarton aie Se en ee aig besa 04 Sener Seinen ie Pcie sciflciepion So ae com it ri A tre co su: eves ma as ingrid 8 pairs apap D Ace ecm agamastieiacietierss si accel ee irae ae re ae fe Whavaclgle opt aod gle utp hur making 2 pert pew ga mltpr ridge wth afer nda design that thoi tena nt prtrnan fi The eich emperor ere cheking fre forwarding data ‘Bevsakeitvr aeentart eesnattrvard pankathat te ‘road fur pot pckssselaaiy eet por ely 4. restr ov io ate that eae daa yok based on ‘SewrPacieee Eaotertrmainiya Netners Layer dec. Raster acy cance EAR and WANS tot a hw 3 ‘Smamcaly upg vsting le laed on wich hey ke ‘eins on outg tbe ata porte ‘Router divide ronda domainaot hots connected rose & Gateways 4 Agsonny ie passe to omnes tne nstnaria tater Uy ‘hor pon dient notwortng sie Lan con sem) hier Cin They tsicly wok new ‘nncpsten, inept teed unre water go Gaon rl lll rol verre ee ne a te Carrere ay epee a age ne ‘BEET wee tort note on wyatt ayer 1 Phys ayer heist ayer he OS fee ede ‘Repose for sang ates oe oper ect ~ Biemetaemmnreingi remem 2 Rrolipe Dowel a, 2. ig oeny rea ae . Eagaapanon arse ani ig rr Satanic ee ae ‘oe rina eecrn oft eerste a om ow node to anether over a physical medium. : ‘LSE wat do mean top ein in i ony ihrer ic netmec epaogie Explain network toplogea!deniga with neceshry diagram and isedsamiages br th age Sa afi on or Petne topology and expla We ndvanags md diendaninge ‘us ata an rng topologies. (aarwaoT]sop iosnnsen-) een of ete ola inthe avant of he vrina SECEEES ALC Nate pp ole eo Someta pan gato. toe nctwork tpg area flows ane oo tached tothe wasn cable Paterno wee set nt dei ome hoe Tarleton unas beets (rear hepa enoenthseltasua ot ‘Wetesgnal aes an hat oe cmt the emote 2 Bartoli re rey nyo al. 4 ferries lenth, SL Ise eter to pleted eed Dissdvantagee of bus tpolsy + 1 Mattenanes ot ay be high the oo 2 Star topology ® Tne inl rade Piet ihr a ‘Wha centelomarctin pint Bea abo ent Ate tploy ene with ech oe comma ray ‘Stal mina echowa Pig 17 =| Boe —— 2 gaat ed wie ‘Rea nommodat ifr iting Disadvantages of star topology | ‘Stroh arr rein nn anergy, Moc expensing opotoy# Toate pg err net pte to every other device _ Seon cone ee teen ger Tames topsog sf wekav tans simples hen we et ‘inn I eae nd coc compas at hae) at cou‘isndventgns of mesh pb gic ave interface fr overy thr device Theta timed ant 0 porte in acme. ares ‘Ring network tapas & natal 1 Ae noderin igsetwerk are comet ina dnd cco a see mom a ty we nd onal © Ina ag sem, every devs ha ty to aio for ‘What are the mumber of eae links required for ‘devices connected in mesh, ing bus and ster pany ? sep (CStTSem-0 ater Cos Frrconesed dein, ‘ane liok rated for mosh tpelag = nln Cinatink equsediorrngtopiigyen ‘onlin roquzed orb tpaogy =n (Gino reqted rate poy =n BEET] what te pe feonecton memoir niet? Gamer 1 Pes opel enna allow soe dvs to omit wlth oe ‘he dvi, Bor emp, tw poo tiny piel cok oer ‘Setanta iro toe a 2 Retna mtn le vom manga {encour and ine cope o a cee eee rons eae Multia comeron air ne dev oer an diner meee forme devsainparta TESTE wn do you mean hy tranamicon media? Discuss the ‘ype of trananiasion media, Dioeass the diferent physical ayer ranemisson media: Baga thot et flings a Twiated preci cremanc © Opteatnber abe on ‘What are the ditftorent typos of ied media? =Comptes Netw sean court sem) potony tht cre he aeration fe 2 Sein in emir venir on ‘Temdian on bers owl. | Aued son conte win eye! banda i ‘ofp dino cll A. Wired or galded mein bound tranomiaion melas Popuctoset gated mare 1 Twntabpaleable: vice yee cnsieferelncae oper vie i we aptesintaly See x Ivcind par le tania dt inthe em af an le 2 Conable: rom 1 Arete shaped ine conta. 1. Antnsumersornag hes © Ametalccter onder et, | Antelaterorring he il, 1 Comite nein fom a ecru RU nigirana cops 3 Option ber 4.” Hnnoptecblcoroeompnadofagiscorplaniinaeeare | ‘rounded aang sep CSET em) Insets Can agen coer Sem ___exiorr ons Z_Pieropicaescary dts asthe rm rs eallepeopnstd opt tua eects ‘i Rowroptranaeln basco reas lw ent, ‘Srvbigesandith expt, 1 InBev ons nl eet canbetinoter ae fs Eadview 1 Winsog or unguidad main or bound tenemlaia mea dio are uly ropogeted arghhe ae ‘Rode ware ropeention dependent on oqeoncy Thre ate prenesi e Surface propagation : LP and LF waves te suet [opspton Pee woes ‘llow the eaucuracheate 1A “ropoepherle proportion: MP wave ar rope in Stepp era drier ‘Siooere wire heya edested bast taser athe ‘Sombre % ‘s, Linectseht propagation: VHP wel UP waves ie eis poate Space propeption VHP, UH, SH, st wapaean ‘Ne prpnanedie pce nd eeied een,Computer Netw 26m (esr sem.) \-RSTEIE] compare std pie co-ainl and ther optic able. la] 5; at Bay (IF lelalded HA HIRE ‘eer sda [ery lh ate ela ‘Powers don —iamaa tel | ta Bde) dealt ER dee | dalilela zat |:/NH i ga Nah | 26m (cStT Sem) ESSE] went de youmean by signal tranemlation How an wo eaonmi tal agal hs lat move anh frm ftp, Gomer, dn ee et a tha be raed Ser a Sot lamar ft chang frm tht neni ih Franca, at estab charge tiga, ic the signa enmited vrthe ten mada npc cranasoner westfaal Samm rom mes seg gt oer sda riot changing tan agin oeelnion ev ees anni hing ‘itniwiitit sara ‘Tig pone if we have «decid media ith « banded ‘ultiacony onda % Lew pas chao with wide anda “retiree he rma pe degrees eicecea leo adger Network 1. Broadband Trasuminion: BESTEST] write a store note on digital encoding, é st the varlou ine coding chee. Mecheniamstor gta digtl encoding alLint fllowing categorie: Larm(cantsem) Te Mowe te mp he eqn th nr of ‘Uchida uma tt thy eb ore ‘Tbe eame tae have ear wth vary wie TAS SaR So tier oni ala ore salon on ‘tease th gt 1 Lowspun chanel with ied moths ‘precanchanel waht ene, we appre Beatie on al ‘i Thekerefappnmuon denen badass, crane ae chin low aster ntapt chanel ca nae whe ost sem Inter nega ‘ince oot tare eo ee ot ncaa. 1 tr esndng etm viagogo aed ae eae pang teri ont areceodg td nag age ict edd 2 Nsom me tn rl 2, on: {eR Leong tine oth igen re ‘Agostino uy senate tas 0nd npatve tektqnens te estore eee “hbtype ot! mor avast than owas ae Tnetonipu chanel wy ned tocomer be dtl natn sg, m igzliadependent pen tbe ste he Nail txaomsb Roe nips ‘Unda ecaing every single and pie. A “Unilar enentng en ene olay. 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Inalieetil Maer he verin a themida fhe it Ale the presen or aeons of an align! tanaitin Sepang ote ncaa aed ody eb fn. ifeential Manet egies wo sig change toropreeat ‘nny Obut ni eno eps iy psomiconTsen 5) rosary Conse 8 Coo) 1 or TT} 0 asc ics ime | Cicite| 1 atiptar encoding we se thes eels postive ere and negative. 12 Taeoltag etl bo daaclement ttre the vlape ove [Get ter canes erates bemees putt and sep | Tare reo variation oftiplar ending AMI ed medersry ‘2 Alternate Sark Inversion AMD: 1 Te AN th wd a ees 1AM a eran 4 Anectal ero volag representa 0 lan teacsnyanmio by ering patie an netive votre recy: fest ty «Rpts ate ‘semua crosancerremay Comper Neots CINE ey BREBBI ote oe setae 1011010 wing te ftong Dates Si parma ee Yi. Diners Mneneter t ae ea fede fcr of ner pert bn ane of > ‘Tyntovk a perce yt ae eee [evormanc un be eared tn tai tine deepens te, ‘Teast tine sth uot time rose i mage ean apne ine thea ne betwee a gry ma rpc, ‘Te performance ef eter depends nln tare ‘Ti dng a twa a nd on on senenenf the era umber fers thaw omencaap sree ee Hane daring pak bd pointe rte pumberctesee can sted te sreagy ad trey deren paces How acatwrk repent peak oad smut ti peice, ‘Type of tranemlasion meen 4 Them dele the pend at which dotacan roel vag Tayo networks are ig terreno ‘A Mewover, the sel ight impor a wpe und te at 5 The pen of ardvae wed ina sever at ep and ‘Spas otras 4 Ahlen speed cputer with ret Morag capac phe Soares \ Thewtwaridio paced tessa peri, ‘ie eae oe ‘Tesoterar tha proider ur aly oa seven Welsdengned sftware can speed th presen and nahe ‘resin more ee ed cen ‘Repecmaace of «ate can an yeaa by te neoerking ete hraghpt anagem Pe see sev lft wth the red assn Conse) Computer Networks 1. Mare throught andi nay cere RR vpn ntti mein ees Eom eects in aay a a manent ioenbeene EE ane Saar ae eacuncnneinacompeite signa fiteent eqns Bach aapntatha enn peering ped ious nei Bag enya eth ial etna ‘Direcer ly may rests diferencias Peveetesae rot i at “ence the pe of composite ‘Nanci anbr ez fips, ‘ere per ana coax heron indo ove, rota Eclinpuls wane mar errant the sso RRP W EP Meee wee ig nto te ae. ssncoanT som) etary Cones _ Bon nc ore cteene pine varius Opes of ching methade with estab ioe ited Ecce eich * oie cr oncing i tranaer mode of etre ha vere ssa Spa dnditated nd toon cononction emit ting Ses materhen the athe 4 Lg an rte cit vit onde. Node. at He cegeaed ths aren Svan oe ny 1 Intelepone syrtemscireut ewtching wed,a ae reo et Seco Spans Soe 6. Packet ewitehing 1. 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What ic O81 mada xpath functions, scevees ofeach ager rereerrr erry Sage recites behead 86 em — ae an en Lar Curse, mem veep dng h niin Stegarmterter ee peteten ares incu the literent physica layer transmiaon media Rater 130, eprey sy pate coma ana ther oe cal Explain the vasious types of switching methods ‘lable cmmpien Reerq’iztsatiiose ssicinaoms) Ercan donee wap ; mere pe sanaernneraans ARSEE Ya a poeins ernie Seema ro niente msi Teyatbensin. ‘Sterner ect eid Ronsgente azure rr men tat ‘Poti oor etoesdependentpeial rate ga Ba conetatnane [Bi-Oriented Framing: Z Inverted amin, edt px oe rae ease [bicrimte faming we ama air tp on er Mo pv special 8 pte ag O10 a ite {SiR bgt ond eee anccarrsen-o) wee TE oe rami way tence? ‘rmination oh dat ik eer pros 8 way fr ‘eran ae fs tat ae engl the oer ‘Denn tems ssn evng nth signa, Dens union he ie ner oie geen ‘Dy dea ink aor pock Wt at ante co that cach Fame Beicgintate fem aie ee (hence | | amansitestiyuepasaetennie aus oy Tia ets nt nie Sopemhcusio mii eee ocean siimntroon tee EB] wnt ace te tterent erent teaming? Folloingare be yes taming: 2! Tis iartiene can chnge to hae ong ul, EN Risemenwcntarittnneeroneltpieiiaes | een cage ren sete Lenght fame tft dette, Depending ho number fener we ean ate ei mo 2 Varabisize: re ; e {inthis anig thr est dot od of fume a well at ‘Spine sacs eedingace eam: sancursne a ee since 1 Seiten eae my oe oe ot Sagat yee gg | 2 beat neti uteme hose com) Feet tte ace ae Fee avait =| Scene a Ranrebeiiesr rE reese dang ur are tend 2 tateeeers eps cmralcee GREER ‘Fras nese TEP Tivo mom Porsrmor beat hea tte e e 1k Tarte afhe burteoretnd ie rt ren aeitchtcertc re heat nme te tints iets econ aretha eros hors SEnEEEEn rani SSR ee pet hinge pa in evr detection? [Tne pry cning th rece cn detect he resent nee | Pidparyethessied sent ateen om theca i raeenen hn i ee eit 4 at nian eer pein ed we 5 eo ofeerin dtc then the ree ilu ied eet an rte ean fh tet Peaster explain the concept hes How crore detected, ere ecko bye? anu revue ery tng of era at enue eect aly fata Sinn bacinoltpsefretandane thar dct 4 Gadmumn ar ply edo sanpae oaths se Syareth same the eee cn chon icing mae (6 Mtne revved checksum value mulches he eal value, be tena Snr tobe urna enero ee ize detection acing check rte: 1 enamored ahs er nena ‘Tiere complemented op ihe che 4 Mlteveaa: ise theresa daa ated trie diced ‘ti cntr lwing ta ‘mugs :t001corea.oLen0iedcomp ete srmcarsens ssncurens eer ae Seer eacae tet eats ay * t | Appeiied mmtsagt word a. cary ae (riage ra Sen: TUL Conlameat: en00000 | ih tri epee ‘het rpebemiit cnn an aay 2 oni whan anu rithmetic a aon ‘eben Wil rettcute OR {Foc CHC ad theme a reer sd ars po i er | limi Go. i coder an be fnmrated x pre {can pron Mi ih the bay ong dee 4 RO work the ‘Pueword wen “ii Bis spyder tas aioe tomes excl ic swt wed ore 1 he coder recira 3 te Spieerie meant eye Timeiemncn oars, ae are teem shen pecicraralligaa reine oe pe beeen rmncdanc eae ea (Sc ats amt ec Soper ern psn fer tyTur ered pret ntgnuane Sel hn dened wba es ea ie tacewinseat ane a the rervercnstafentege and CHE, = sete reat ane nt and det yh ae 5 ‘Arh gunerato ord which sedate em - ‘Peromainder of hs dvsonishenchckeddancers Usk Layer {© the rmander so Chen the resed colores ant ee lb ocetd But tae rnd Indeaospovece of ere bane the ‘rreping nseword shuld be rj BBR woe cee requromeatenc? ‘CRC wil tev and ole atthe owlagreqroments 1 Agpnting be CRC the od fh data nt hl reat te ‘gone wischineraiprle ty he er, 2 Tecactar ope tle than the dvr, mane hat Ceo At thedetaation, te ocoming ta wi data CRC diusythcenz nr determined ary se, 4 the yeminier afer dvi sara the hrs held be ea ‘Heudawntuedrecsveromapts \RRBEEE] Desert hamming code ow tb wed fr aren Geicios tnd correaion? letras withthe hep of waste = on. What iehaming code? plants woring with ultable example. ‘Ec sn oct i eer at cn eur wen oma i ‘Soetoro 2 Hanning oot ft one ry pry ast Seulicl Scenery oft cent chee ent EcctSearithar toners naar ‘Dingo tne pry bt an ere retin coe cm tal Udo esngl rer ind ate bt taht ne ata ‘Workingot hamming code: Th ey othe hamming ede ithe wn of ‘rsynig acl te dotienon fc ps rer, Cretan Sed ilowe 7 Maral i pitine tht ar poste pasty eos. gigsa bite) 2) oto ptonsara forthe dat toboenodad pastione, 58.7, Shoat ee = etree 20n1caT om, ch pect Wi coin thr pene na ecto, cha ey fr i ie rd i fhe pry “Re Potey checks end ip Spero ett ‘Sever tobe otal urbe nent pon cha Ferontmpe: tbe it mningcadwer etry areca TGSTOTE Auomig te even py ate ther ose awed iscorect or ree. Wrage thet ea 2B BR DR eestved codeword: [FTO TX] T TOTS] sips Aone 6.647 Dy D,D,= 1303-0 pay ror tebe Tut Poin the pont ee ad Step 2s Ate. 6and7. 7,D,D,Dy=1001-~» Beep wm ee ese pt y= inthe 5 pain th rer wad Sep: Conc tet 8,57 PDDpPy~ 1011 Ober ose eit ane pot r= Hines pn ar he egoene of eta Breewort=[ 2 | ry Stig ver of, yan Pine npn we ‘sce bit othe taneitedcdewerdinn eo‘eruption tit Eueiauieasnesnort SBR cients 101800 andavioret ind the CRC. Check your snswer, (ELST) aaa F erence ener 01.85, CRC wl bo 0. vets check i ifremainder i G0 then te data Fgh. er teh crete eerts__eeere ote rm csrtsem a) [TaEIT] was naming eae? Cobalt the hamming coda for flowing message sing IHOIOT with cath ed every sep ‘Sinica y = Hamming oodesHoler 28, Page 2-8, Une 2 ‘Nameroas a: we att Frstcic the unbrot ary ey eg me Numbor of dati = i Pip {itetan cians ee Siero Number a pay bit 4 ~ Daily a] Danese [11 fo Pact ‘ Ger rooives fa ale‘BRIT viene aoe in he dt nk eer end aout it puncotTsn Forte a=0,8,6,7, 810-2000, Nemioraf r= 250 P, 0 Porth i=, 6,7 30,1) 1012 Namborof = 450 F,=0 Yor Pychek a = 6,7, 12-001 Rumber ef Te=256P, For eb a= (9,30 11,1001. Number af e=286 Pye ‘Homing co of 1030 100010300, ‘Proton onthe basis of layering principle. C, | The staring andending eae rane rade eet othe ‘he amar an bo Fecopnse byte osaton macnn, i 5 Flom control: | | Pl eotrlis onto proveatth fw edt ame tthe ser | “Roe mere machine ot at snd ua (Ran te caneciy of taints err contrat {Beto contcl denen prove dpltin fae, {Le ertoreintedased during esa tacethen ate link layer protoca on the basso teri princi {L Beril Line Internet Protocol (IP): 1 Tala prote a wed to cnnet a mrtttion tthe er iiclop ine wing oiea ue foodies a ee ett Demat Terese eee : ee cea Part ener te A. Most thee wershave strine mndon eaten sid {othe internat tieaph«tigien ae e ‘AL The PPP ase or controling a managiag the ara, ‘2 High Level Data Link Cootrl DLO Protea 4” HDUCin ali crite ata ak cmt rte andi {ocatisfy maya dtacantlreqarenenae ete Setoned 4 orthe HDLC pete the ing thee tye tations here ‘A Secondary sation Asesoay ato open ie ‘comrlefupriay aon oa ‘© Combined station: A embioed ston can tet an bth ‘rary onder ton 4 therm: Eturnt sports sly oviy pot nica prt with any ‘ecw npn tn wert acd dleminanethe oeal een potent aut ‘The Ethernet system ent thee basement © ‘The pts midland ery Bare cule bebe compar‘214B (CRIT Sem) = = pene ene Asam ae iat ert Srey ’ ee ean AR i over inte EE mn seeing teh nh ten ate nsw ro e ea enero acc boned te teenies = er arn nti pt tt inn Sinan sine cee een ici ms ‘before an acknimwledgrment i =e aa Rig ee ote po oe nate ne maermatean still aoe 1, hen th spr sane ACK nth the abe ikaw tha ‘Eee opts tar dbo een red. I 4 The wow conboldn~Liramnat ter cn theresa Ta tas ny et bt 6 skacwedgenet eel EEEDESEEEE ED EEE “Gino soca seating tie a he indo Pr eoetncjn annie unto al Ponting rss ror, compsts Raters o215B (Corton) Sovee Nemes _stmncarranes, 1D Omeae ACK ares ha winiow epee lina aes cal othe camber of fame achoeredgos tae nM” Receiver window: At hbeginiag of enn, th ee de Beeenkn= Items ines ieee cree’ At ame ne he a of herein The {cri in tare repeats tt ena emt {SiSemteratteme troy chtorene base ssc at Gin wid of Siu fiestas ar eed wiht om, ‘Stilo! ingrid hace cope eat 8) Aatwonas in aindgent Wie hd pn ich aren ecu for sume of frame oa tthe mer oes Eisele nike FET tase stop ond wa techalgue fr fo civ Bop and wl ons ina ra 6 i a, ‘endeared ame err 2 Af svg rn, the reverse wings ‘ether ate y ening nk tn ACK ae ocnenhag gts met 7 lrccaatrane tee AO moe reading "Thee simple to understand and ea pind, ht ot Fig B10. Mess perth al at prt TER sate artnet oop and wt protons210n Curr sem) Drowns flop and walt pool ae ie 1 Date dt rong trae tat ours Bebwoon th ast Bese se elope nk cea, sete ero austin neds ng eld wwe might se er es amaeoe oem a et [iiapantwnrprcle 3 Nopiolnng 6. astate the performance enue or Geach dais ak protocol. same Beterg a7 7. Disuse different casier sense protools How are they ‘ifort than clision protocols? soe Rater. 226 QS Brief about how line coding implemented in FDDI and ue Refer. 231 0, Write a short note an earning rigs ee Rated. 238" GOO"‘GP, CIDR. ARP, ARP, bor ea ies Sod rsa Cant peti ss s1B(ostT soma) s2n(cartsen-o) 4. Theda neds ewer awe ‘Tocenrecapay ft inkinreevedintranmisonbeteen tne ‘ps pit nr ntti aah Advantage oa point to point meter: 10 See Api ter cy od nse de Control Monitor: ng hte eres esos ar ‘opescafdata king Your conection fst andres “4 etor Security ith beonand oar data ging teh apie wor tina th i et trp But pit to ‘hte tol eto leap wongSAB (CST Seng EEG won do you mean hy loca addeeating? Frnt comptes commaniat hoe the ners raceme yt er compa Taga gana agate cna moar aaa anette we nnd eal adeno Eicon ; aoa gly to ft th ep ares ot lie cinco seer eatdquenar Sings ths vero axiom ‘Fanart os Pvt ness oP drs ‘ravenna ror ha ny andra ey SE adeneta ttre Thou an uve be more tha ne [Prt rss fr two vies {ie dre nome he tert through conection ie Tinted arene, tworhing (iF) CIDR, ARP, RARP, DHCP. ICMP) Tateroctvorking is he process takai fee diferent ‘nevocta by wong interoniaydeves suche raulerso gates) aoe 2. Intenso asus dats conninicaion aniong networks owned ‘Stlopesedty fers enter sing sooon a commune ‘ethno Rowting Prato pee hough eer 4m (eSmrsems) work baer eh ree a ener vera aaee ‘What ie IP edressng? How i in lied 7 How in Wp liliatrsier bye seat ‘racers eerie res Rednalting ayer adicem ee 2 Eastern hha ti Sancta PS apenas tet «oases eae 2 Bitorcectapmetetetedoonaen Renmiernes hemes Pa tenn en msn ad mae © erences nascatren eae‘Thetiveenghorsertitrinaclas ase ar apa al i einige it thre eet cng eri the ring# Bs cand eee F : i ae como [4.0.0.8] om (OT) aay es) 1 Gas D rots are esered a Proce ses Rear highend bein ees D arene ae awe nt fo {Teer it are rhe nest need be ill —." perio cess 41 Ghar abdres ze exprinuntal adden reserved fr fetere ester erate See are Lae scram ana So iinhcnintnernt aan 1 ae yet ert peideae tt meat nosy etait See eereaie ci Sciirreicines Sexy sepemredra attest le Septet ta ana Te Speen setae Spocsiom eae Bt eeu osscmenrer mice ‘FaSEAT Bevata addresing peel 12 The adorns ie matwor ye adden and bane dpandenc om {Be data ink Injr advo (uch ans MAC adden of ator Nera card ‘3, Hach TCDIP hoe isin hy login Pare, 5. Auniqoe IP edveoie oqzed for euch heat and astwae component {hat commatiestes sing TCP. 4. ThenetworlD ale known network res Sante the ‘etome that are lected onthe same pg saber. To ‘etworLID mast be uigae ethenteraetorkSARC Seng) computer Neon ae mar teed ig au eee ee gue to toe neewereD, ee De Pear crag 4 an tPedinsin 3809 lng Ex cotamon pace SOR the Suet re rt nado 1. Bane ie ange 8G and parted Wy prod (ada) Ths Eri icaleduteddecmal tation & TeoatD neta Fae SET] Wie a howe nate on Ci (owe. 2 Chee SEirces andlor Pat ‘he Incrnt Earning Tsk Perce rede CIDR in 199 6 & ‘replace the provious dassful network addressing architwetare on the agua a oso th goth of ting te Interne ondta si hore aout 4 ‘Techie of CERnatoaddress lily aon with cls TP ‘Mises whicharolmaedon hve dance Clas A,B,C | CIDR lows IP adnate tote vaile on aot Hound by the ae Mrtntonsar Canes, Bard Suboetworks dependent e the valu f the addresses themasles 1. Thotactrrd tar ernettng 1-RETTT] Write a short note on ARP. Ale explain ite working. ‘Adress Revolution Praca (ARP) 4 The oresresttion tocol ARP a protcel ved by IPs toma Phctworkaddresosto the hardware adreses wed by data ak wee 3 Mloormoane psc addace muni er mee + Ranstrathtsesp tro teuce « emcee + nbn ramigiemewe ‘ance ara tnt the astwork atm for wich te dros reed Noro ae pt ter Tew ind he Tha sdrerenatin prover sont es he etre Triposeiomtaesete slog ten Sa Working addres Reclation Preetl ARP)" {hens bt Aneta eC clr eth ho Bh sce fivete tli pae aloe ae Tanto wt tthe MAC abr ter ‘i AN oem pce pce ca Sire oftestnnr ed ant Sees see 4 Thin request pct bona one the aro show ia Reet orcompas Heoorks 9B (CSI Gm {The Aenea athe Pond MAC aren a hw sine ha MAC aos of cn [Bae] Write sort note om Reverse Address Meslton Proool BARD. Petri egos [AnPthatraaesbirdeare addres IAG) 2. BARD sles on he proves o «BARD ser al ne 1 RARPatlowa hylan aeal ea two ent iP ‘Sicotom aguoray sere adarerrnsiasn pots ARP al {Neen cies staen lca ee evar eon ‘ote th ape MAC lst coereeaing adres Wunsch at, ABD hot ram eee rom, {Rea avr onthe etctcta atte lP osm (6 rami St en cy bean ep inthe ur ale he RAR ‘Sewrvituntie Pafiranto th achnewekeas eres ot TEESE] berate oar Dynami act Conigration Protcal 1 Dynan Ht Conia Prete DH ant manage ‘ort td ate he pot af onagrng Svs on revert, 2 DHCP a entanenat oan aier foal led ROOT. 2 Dynamic Hat Corton Proto DHCP) san apiing ager oc ch nul on Rae Arse 4 Vener Cae aeetoe 4A DHPserrr muse premato the neenork. 5 deve coated Ue atork request an TP ares fom the ipusjucet denen onytoh Ths sabewaiae 872 oe | pili panos Natta cer maes chen ee Se rTO © eee ere cnet er eranganne et 1 aaa FT aplaanpiin ime atae isbogweapeeeed: acronis ap aianaeel SATE] weet to oumcen byes Contra Meng Prt 1 pen soca amecan bet nda ‘Beart Coll Mesmgs Patol CHE) ha be dee to 8 Behe orn deiencis ‘cn ranting re sat pe Beier Sees ssh sour {oP aoetwor yer pret. Homes te mesg eet ied arto nie $ Sonmenogerar int nledinaie Pagan ond ped 9 ode ler 1 Tou eniags redid ns tp err sprtg macs [aR] Give the poner rmat ef 1CMP mesmger (eee)& lnFie.8111 atOMP ype detiesth type the nesagy, 1%. The IAP code fel pectin the reno fer the pen Bel hereto or the porte mesnge 1 The chochrum $34 fa the it an og mmslsnetti dire 10, Thedstesccuencarisnormtine ba adhe er ing withthe Ct ipe on are nfration fie dig erp pac at = Folowiog an variate repertng message ICE ‘Source quench menage £ Whenronivng ht detect that rate sanding aha ft ‘eetadshnoorce qaancn eaege nono ee ae 1M ke sure nt dad pt lnm ‘Tham source wil es the sped af ateison tha oer 2 Parameter Problems ‘Aparamter poke mesaige canbe seat wh ‘robe nthsbnader aaa |S Deetination unreachable 4, Destination unreal i eoerted ty the het ot bound ‘atevay tof theclent that tae dethnan ounce 4 Redirection Mersages | Thu redirectn meas ponerse wien in ours sees wen The roiterralrect the meacags tothe propa ote ‘Alvi inform the source to changeit dl ter in th it, citer hee 12 8(CSIT Sem) f ie, Toe Pac ie dear aye Query Bewoagen: a Gagner eet eetay Sek nom rang 4 Tele we 0 nd he ane ‘iret ley cay + Eee Sewn wang fm Query meme came apne - Fema GSR] Wet do yo understand by tag tr i ha ayer aed he a eget e "octet arm inoue peti os te ht rt apa ‘Tasha path tha pa em ie BEGHAG] what do you wnerstan hy diay enken f network layer? Taare] 2 Devry fest the maya hay ete er, 2 The autor lage spe the ing fh pk ering phat ig bared rgee suomcomsong |, picortsne Sais Se nea mel se Soe Pprgerejonr erat eps [A DiretDativery: tt Iacanngrry thsmce nd ett of he eke eet same gal ete ‘2 Ahedoedtey our when th devey betwee ela rote ‘4. Totnterine fb nary race extract utero 4 Thmwecmore he aon withthe ese he eva a TichiSscomed Temata th dey. 2B. Inet Deion 1 ee core dnt te past get sen he isloneon te pce deri ‘2 Teanimaac ley, he pct pr fom oer tote wat 2 Ratner aint oe 4. Teteatnveraamapa adic ery, [TGHIE] went doyou understand orwarin fe trwardingtecigues =a Forwidngraurese oer havering able ‘ee eng mt Ea eh aa Saree in tse eset a nes ae nore ni ia Seti er Fe enon ee pent 2 pater arreoroarha noon 4 Ree hein roi te pt ih Petes a eth anti nT 2 Bee # {Smee a mi ed i fan aaioss Ce sacs aapey mung abel scares bie apiadlnay aseene ae 2 ae rahe een om so ae a ae ‘GRE ta ate date, ie roi Wich Ware macy al len Strate or manual oti yer din Sols etch sting * 4. Shrine fed dot hg the tee i ng sed onarsterto msi stig ficiency no in cave dynamic ring inratin foto 5 Sesconnan ted pay 1 Staterotingsnoknown ar seating B. Dynamic routing: 1 Tym outing oer a em tenth outing ab oe ‘seh npne ot hangin sd ple ot 2 Ibe router diacvere any changin th nition o tpg, en roster broadcast ths oan tier eee 3 Dana ons re wed ines hw te reach he Indymac rotng alte rots must have tsa pane rotng ‘oto inorder exchange toe re ‘ede distin a Dynami routing ales own adap ring‘congue Networks SASDCSAT Seng, Gonpatee Nefrorss__Aitiene ETE] what are the advantages and savant a sod dynamic routing A Advonnge of alerting f Reoetaas sa mana on te CPU ge fhe sy Meso oir conte lanai ‘Baan hu onan ngs ate th tery esr oom er itn al Seo Mane ibeaingtonpencele ore Disdeantage i state routing! Pe Tinquanea ney aia ondteh emanate ‘coer ‘Tamper halts gontnorn eg chat canal ‘Advantages of dani ot Biteatertsontere ‘Mismreeeivesn tng the beet-otnespone ate ange Mep wep RETIRT] ive torence between tatieanddpnante ruling. sal eating PDEA] “Lf cine ratng rvs a] Ta drawing tase ‘evden ‘rds coop tors [tic outing dew Dram routing ww splernting genes | rug sorth 3] Siatioting providers | Dynamic rstng por See carey “| Satie rotingirmna | Dynal oning ooo | Sate rutile | Drmicrutngisinphented nama scorns arg eter. © [Adtonalemuresaronst | Additional resourese are poured rnd Tce oink darts the] Fu aa dorset rae ‘oceali pron cotton 8 Neb Lager ee ae rose Ee ca] TSEC gta pt sector Pouing proce, mere a et ere eae ty rte ort Ss aihapai le Gcmpnsipiens ‘aetye Beit odianes annette aesia Pe 319. Tart uti, ben ate rns pase ere hat 5 Neen aly nef prrohacorecpndeto tena Fleringars ha hee yc sing se 1 Distaase vector outing prot: 1 aman crn nko itl are ea Westerns he ny afeery ore mtb ea 4 ling tbl ntl sey fr ech ater inthe abo ‘Tacha prt te prt shen peered utara one le ech hase etna 1 Sand pr et cette estan 4. Une state roting 1.” Thelink tte routing site: {wing praia th wo ans tt ck itr te RL ieCompaer Naorrka 1IDCSTTSen “eDiseritemeigboure and era their tor addy, oN Mensur the delay ron esis aighbours Contre putes the netnerk ares ng ‘aay a eons. 4 Sendhil terror Compaen hats patho very ther roe, 1 Pathvetor rein i wea or trdemai tng. 2 uth vcr tng ez ene nd i eh Atonering pd iS thveteb taut cnr As Miso ao, ‘option ae arpa ite end eer aoe Sree ietetetre tee itis apogee err stoma el te oe rennaia natu cet one arcane sme etce rah Ate tent mm mre penitent aps thirds ec Batman Ford algo i omenly win detec verti ose | ae OS ie, a ng nr pen eran {The speaber nde am athentontion sre reves 4 tig {Ric tou tein apie ner inte nator Sa {4 ‘Repeal pth vector wating anne nfo dant ee melee ec opaiwndees Semcon 5 Repekor ane svete the pith. ot th mts hole. {tater ptm cr ther nioanea tens (Tee TRE eran tance vector routing srt and how i pats the routing ables withthe help of examplecompar Notch Seep erm BERS Dice tk tat routing. Compare distinc vag ting with ink state routing. i ied Link etate resting Refer @ 519, Pap 8-308, Ut. (Comparison [Soke [Diane veto T [Bach router ssintine ong bleed an Senco root [Rigatoni 4 | Rewter measure delay ‘ty with apeeit ECHO poke S198 (C507 Sem) [Aer [Bendable [AN delays seassred and sited eo crery ote Bie does ac soar he Uns bath and [mss wnone mi song te 12> Arotes hasta senda ming tlloter proce the ouput ‘MEullgoup itt peel tonend a pelnorpotn ene. 44 outs ienpesi te rp olrg Sx cba ond meagre {orwell datned gimp whehore smal compared the nctwork ee @senter B Fowarser ss nae 1 Spada ending ancestor, ig ine ire ait eager EEE |Pertntn retattay iy ‘ananee eto ri ecnine, ERT Z ey prole Oe heme eh sta Yeu iy, = inde. eSeswnvnceaaitin ace Tenement trae erat emia eee Tasieieahalonetan acute eo rg 4. Consider 4 potwrk conncte with thre renter shown in Sea, 4 Ine fig 281 ont between Band Cheat nen © 4 Now supp te Hak betwee 8 and Cie deed ten 3 vt ‘por te enaolner teach street Before it can end any pate, may poeta ee a ope om Aish lb sverige getoC aac BesngetinAatacatetl teil sess 9C ws Aaan Alten rive ate om ate an pet canto ‘Ts wilslony propagates toegh eer il rece ay. ‘hiv eae one tay pbs, IHETRA] Write down elas of routing alertsse tai ni okt epi aoe mua ists et Sm —e ‘Ritson Settee ae ‘eq manaal update ics pt (a of routing seit are: Te ppuumle/ Adaptive algorithms 2 abt slgniins Ceanis roting) wo sk ‘Sten caren tpt los yeaa eae Adnan grin cn brn ihr peso ind SSE logy rac cnge = Oe en, Wiedman grt meeps paren moreso jekene sahara 4. Aspire rte reli te toning ps teed: Bach utr kes ruling decison {Sirti lol fran that Spee re ‘Dintcvnechags formato ih ortega ‘A. Centrale Acted nde male axa ane Seely he entrance noe oe ses tr gel SM, Disb Agri that wes embin od tio toon Static Nowadaptive niger tn om ada itn sn ser cng oe at ‘estar inv in std sh ed oe tng Re gemseey | ipey= celica | piconet is Sacer pr econ | ER] whats contin sd ean ni? Dac Se eaves Sra ei ere jae eee ee a = eee, aE routing algorithms. on, . cones tay COTS i a al ona (ARTO Nasa] Nel Alapa oat . ‘geri aueer eae eeertion : Cogent itn why ne ata Towler exchange ad tetera arate gers slower ce ute, rower" table | entre ranting pte Inte] | Cameron contre: Conarion atl ran tear tl manate ees cleo tnt ance ovens be hppean ree ‘som aera apd a_— compautieeis __S EOC Faint pen a Fe le ee ag rn i a re Reet oe e Tes epcten pura cn reo 1T peteanemlesin poley: The retrenenision poly indi “ems aoe atin eet ya Th ecko ee Stee a pg teeny ‘py the receiver may alm affeetconguetion. tbe receiver doce Sorceress may dor sr sy Soaycooe a costae eee tl» Gc main Serio cnn eh pn Se a Sees rate POSIT ae enn secre Seems ea ee on eases ammo ern se rete ante atts pty at hoe tA is pete Sent Sith toes onsae Sooesiens | sc et ied oa tm Sab puta stn et et tin Sa BERR erate tne eon or iin RI cet pont? Open omgestion contre 1 lone oneion roveinotcongetin [bem happend owt ketene | Rate dart [cavemen ttoutecl ina re atllow’ | Mechniena a allen? Mecismrminsenobcr |b Bakgemsn Biker |, Choke pet. i Metnewioceemont |i Inplt atig apts pate at ain bey es or comgetisn conte ox secre ee NET a ein tte oR ev short note on sky bucket lgrthn, inne Inplng Taf hair is char mie he et ad Reset tn net tothe neon Bere sion in nctoor apo afer 85, Page 204, Unt oaty bucket algorithm sty hace oem ota Yh i i aie ke i TRIOS Shctrae arbng thai atin cb ‘Toate ot whch the water lender oe openton erat awh Be rice apatite betes thet am 4, Ta lparulocnvay etter Sil Patton selon eae Cay tnd homered “pasty traffic. ae 4 ry nk retrain th bua and set tat an aarge te ky back lei 6 ee mmenaett ‘sino aay bok plementation ie shows in Fig-2283,AFIFO ‘uous hl te ast recom ae pkbeen A ean veaovestfnedvonirf paca ton ha gue aaa poet ih cova of variable length packet, he Bed tp ry eee ca ee Morin son agri or vriable length packets Pe tatnc counter ton athe kof ha cock. iL tenis retr thon the ozo oto pk, snd he paces the unter the pk een he pac Reset tbe commer nd > tap(O- Sie ane Fiero tanh sri I token cht algrtis llon ile tt ecimlateeii ‘cen of okene 2. reach ie afte le, tho esto snd token tothe che. he ‘um femora ns tka fi every a fay) of data Inoer word, theo can send hasty data elongate bch at er 4. Tetoken chet an eal be implemented with counter Th oken ('oitised to sore Bach tne token added, the sounr e ‘rumen the cantar is or, the haat eannoe son data . ‘or enampl, ifs 100 and the ost i i fo 109 tks, te bck fats 1,00 kn Now the ort can cna al heehee etek with 10,000 cae o the hot ates 0 ck ith cel ce Limitation of eaky bucket algorithm: 1 The lak Bak impemonation do mt fete aaa 2 Bocas ite loi roto iea fied paromatir, heowil bay instances ‘when tha tafe volume Sr ry low end Inge portions noon ‘enures andbidt in partir arent Seg wed Therefore no mechanism eistsin tho lea bucket plementation ll indo ows tours upto pat speed fective conan ‘etwor resource timer hen there moulin eure connect nthe network ak i cot and token butketinipleenen ‘ak cima ey ad ee sae iat thet de yo meen by wal ental Ge eine pramni of 8 Fan st an oad, ral fon control: Rafer Q. 8.28, Page 2-24, tis ot Boree: Quy Srvc wy yay tetany wnt etoriyg ‘a vie tr reac Sine EA ee ecainnacs = = may 1 Reitity character ay ned {ae fray manson pt rele wich However the entity rape ogre raya 4 Frere meet ha et, Internet seco bare rahe runnin ha een ti enfroncing 2 Delay: ‘Sourcots dstnstion says anthro characte: Applcationacen oleate delyin dre! degrees, Tn thie cae, elpbony, ui oferecing, vido seeing eisemote lone sins dla wi nan lente resus es important. ‘iter the variation in delay fo pcs elngig the ume ‘ow 1 Rorexample it ur packets depart at tins 0.12.3 andar 20,2122 Balle he sme daly, 20 fingepee Rewer 2.27010, Oniheairaen fers arpa 2 Seite ete tert ss 28 anda 4 Mestre i ie ey 4 Bana 3 Fir span me ect Lend Moder mln or me at Mert n Sanocrtsooona nea sn a WEST] waetisteret Proton vores 6 Pv) 2 al = 1 ttrest rio verson v6 th communion pete | ee ities remtaey 2 (ecw developed the etretEainern Tsk Foc EE slwith he pthon obec saarerexacris 2 nadia a fereg mere adie IDB lo plement ‘stort ints “al 4 Kapliesacet of adtes centurion, nto ee ty 5 Batmlie pening specks incessant ‘Space! oemesttn int Uo pins al 6 Pet zairacsare opera an ok rouge sparta lng | thn igs Forel, aaa SL ‘BeETEE | Eo the pace forma for Pt. =] ‘ 1 Repu mat ish ny 3501. 2h la 1 Bas eae Pan 2 The payeadt ade op oft parte 1 Anoptionl extension eader A Thovppecayerdas 8 Bovhader halt els which are dee a ons 1° Varin Tr nish ots vero nae Peed etn dar abel he fou nal ina Ste ol hat nga 1 vide ial anne partir Bow fa iv: Moplond lengths Toe 2a polo! gh eine ea DEIR ID datagram exatng eb beder Newt tender-The ahead. en ld ding the ead Batis he an bdo te tara i Hop Hit The 88 op ini ei were te se are a abd sis Source eddrens +The ous ral a6 iaterat SESS RNS heen rest aaa te ‘Destination nes Teenie av line 2 ee oles rm he tee Sa Expae i ameneniaata [VERY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS | Saar ee a ac ete saa 1, What advoesing ow ce ane? How ismbet ‘resingiepertormed? ane Helera 8 2, Write ashort note om ARP, Ato explant working ‘Ree Refer a,2408 (C8 Sang —___ FB rr 8. Whotisuniastrowting? Dicuss nies outa riz. ee Relor@ 319, @4, Discus link state routing. Compare astaice eto ‘wit link state rout mig same Ff @ 321 @.5 Describe the problem of couni-to-infinity amocinte wi Alstance vector routing technige- iy ue Rotor Q 328. G6. What is congestion ? Briefly describe the techniques the prevent congestion. ame Rake @ 328. 7. Define traffic shaping. Blaborate leaky bucket algort {tre for congestion control. sum Refer @. 338. Q.8, Writen short noto on token bucket algorithm. What are th imitations of leaky bucket algorithm ? ams: Refer 528. 208 _attpleting, Connection. Managarent ow Castel sed4. renee proce clr the tr ems the epee of rosa 4 Theta: liperiarnpent i th diver af cet, prtofe ‘cor om ce crate ect eee ‘et tiesletinrerpraiga 7 romeo 1% Ayroeasn thea it calla en, ess serie fom proce lt romet bo ail eaetver Both processes tet and rer soul have the sme ae ‘or communistion, ne must fie th ring 1 locator Local proces Remo hot EBT] what wre vooues with transport layer 1. Accepting data om ean tino ‘etnedte om asin per tigi spend ding design cones in transport layer? | =a conoptar Neto #380800 Seg) nese loyal 8 Benet otro and Gow contol Bet Sle o uk eee oe co I on Nea Ea heemiedeeterleraterbeneined OE at ieee a cepa ee eee ererewenider onder ate os meee Se ee ee ze ee Bina Mien eee eae Sone pete Poin, ree ntat g Soe ert ees er ce ere ene see pete nntrnattraae Teepe Se eee ea, ene eae scpcarboinrahe saiin corrsen 6) B. Dupiction Gott 1 Strnpert gr ganni tarot dt edna xqunca umber allow the enero ety ed egy ‘Ealaevepm 4 Mow Contra For coz enue wh mings a ty eenatn dior Tie tanger inert espns fo ca. Hw enrlat hsbgerie prime en ond. 1 Usa Dagan Prt (UD erection pk ev ‘hat clae het dle 2 Appleton that doactregur an acknoiement ei odin UDP sey epitome kta oto orem Simple twos Nap Pn iu [UDP provides chant ht apn programe wees ds {water apt ogre = ‘UDP proepoacl port embers to ditingsich Between lie rpene erstingen se rs (4 Taek UDP mange esting th detain prt nue and be Te mak oslo UP sate atthe seston te deliver te ess ote cerrecappiaton gra 1_ UDP are known swe dtagras, 137] iceus the header format of UDP. cpa boner Geb) | ono ae Cn a ey suceeded note nog ar 6: TP seater Soar Port em pio lho nasty a 4 Src and mye mathe peas ‘Sead aitremed inde aos stay star norma caine Ht ae evaa ‘2 Destination port: Destination prt has ameacing within th etapa ‘erm desta Sem, a Lent “Tis ithe sce in yes the UDP pack naling te eer © ena, 4h minim length haere 4 Check "Thins sed over theses adit era ath UP The ehh i potions a baa” ingot {afer baie Som he IP bere sate rect awl the UDP Bede. (TeET] What are the gener] serene provided by UDP? Following are various govwra erie enh I