Experiment 05

Transient Analysis of First Order Systems

Objective:
The following lab would help the students to get familiar with first order systems and with
specifications of the first order systems.

Software:
MATLAB

First Order System:

The transfer function of the first order system is given below. The input to first order system is unit
step defined by R(s). Response od first order system depends on single parameter “a”, which defines
the speed of output response.
a 1
G ( s )= , R ( s) =
s +a s

Figure 6.1 First Order System

The output of system will be product of input of the system and transfer function of the system.
Output will be having two poles one at origin and other at s = -a.
a
C ( s) = (1)
s( s+ a)
In time domain output of first order system will be

C ( t )=1−e−at (2)
 Figure 6.2 Output Response of First Order System
Time constant of first order system is given by
1
τ= (3)
a

Rise Time: Time required for system output to reach from 10% of final value (C ( t )=0.1 ×C f (t))
to 90% of final value (C ( t )=0.9 ×C f (t)).
2.2
T r= (4)
a
Settling Time: It is defined as the time for the response to reach and stay within 2 % of its final
value. (0.98 ×C f ( t ) 1.02 ×C f (t ))
4
T s= (If 2% of final value criterion is used) (5)
a
3
T s= (If 5% of final value criterion is used) (6)
a
Task 1: Find the pole location, rise time and settling time of the following system.
1
a) G ( s )=
s +1
5
b) G ( s )=
s +2
 Write your observations of Task 1:

Pole Rise Time Rise Time Settling Time Settling Time

S. No
Location Calculated Observed Calculated Observed
a)
b)

Table 6.1 System observed response

Task 2: For the RC circuit given below, find equation for output voltage, pole location, rise time
and settling time when the applied voltage is V i ( t ) = step voltage, For the circuit R = 50Ω and C =
5mF.

Figure 6.3: RC Circuit

Output Voltage Equation: ________________________________________

Pole Location:
Rise Time (Calculated):
Rise Time (Observed):
Settling Time (Observed):
Settling Time (Calculated):

Table 6.2 System observed response

DC Motor
A motor is an electromechanical component that yields an angular displacement output, θm , for
an input voltage,e a, that is, a mechanical output generated by an electrical input. The motor’s
schematic is shown in Figure 6.4(a) and its transfer function for motor speed response is shown
in Figure 6.4(b).
The DC motor speed transfer function is
 ωm (s) K t /(Ra J m )
=

( )
Ea (s) 1 Kt K b (7)
s+ D m+
Jm Ra

Or for simplicity we can use

ωm (s) K
= (8)
Ea (s) ( s +α )

Figure 6.4 DC Motor (a) Schematic, (b) Block Diagram

Task 4: In this task students will study changes occur in angular velocity when location of pole
is varied, where location of pole is dependent on different parameters of the system. Take K=1
and vary α from 1 to 5 and study the variation in response then take K = 5, vary α from 1 to 5
and study the effect. Use step input and write your observations.
Laboratory Assessment
Student Name: ___________________ Registration Number: ____________________

Learning Level
Allocated Obtained
Criteria Poor Good Very Good Excellent
Marks Marks, A
0-40% 41-60% 61 - 89% 90 - 100%

Affective 10%

Obtained
Learning Level
Marks, C
Allocated
Criteria Very
Marks Poor Good Excellent
Good
0-40% 41-60% 90 - 100%
61 - 89%

Cognitive 20%

Learning Level
Allocated Obtained
Criteria
Marks Poor Good Very Good Excellent Marks, P
0-40% 41-60% 61 - 89% 90 - 100%
Psychomotor 70%

Obtained Marks = (0.1 × A) + (0.2 × C) + (0.7 × P) = ___________,

Total Marks: __10_____

Course Instructor = ___________________________