“I love you, O LORD, my strength.

”
Psalm 18: 1

Basic Education Department

Senior High School
S.Y. 2020 – 2021

First Quarter Learning Module

in
Oral Communication in Context
Grade 11—Core Subject

Dear Parents/ Guardians,

It is the goal of King’s College of the Philippines - Basic Education
Department through our Continuity learning Operation Plan for school year 2020-
2021 to sustain the delivery of quality, accessible, relevant and liberating basic
education services for all school – age learners in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic
by adhering to the new learning modalities prescribed by the Department of
Education.
To ensure the continuous learning of your child / ward, the school wants to
reach you through this learning module. We have simplified the content yet
profound to meet the learning competencies required by the K-12 curriculum of the
Department of Education. Kindly help your child/ ward reach his potential amidst
this pandemic.
This learning module is exclusively for the KCP- Basic Education learners. No
part of this module be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, mimeographing or by
any information and retrieval system, without written permission.
Stay home and God bless.
 LEARNING MODULE IN ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT

Dear student,

As a future professional, you will engage in different interactions with diverse individuals. As such, you
will have to train yourself with skills that will enable you to build rapport and connections to various people.
More importantly, to deliver the message that you intended to transmit.

In this manner, you are expected to be a competent communicator as you practice fluency, clarity and
sensitivity to your audience. These skills must be learned and practiced to advance yourselves intellectually and
communicatively. Similarly, you are to communicate yourself clearly and effectively and to interact appropriately
with different people depending on the given situation. Thus, you are encouraged to utilize your various skills to
foster personal and professional growth as you take steps on your journey.

Oral and Communication in Context is designated for the development of listening and speaking skills
and strategies for effective communication in various situations. Having the ability to communicate effectively is
one of the most important life skills you need to acquire personally, socially and professionally. Rizal, et al.
(2016) believed that practice alone does not make perfect, rather correct practice makes perfect. That means,
given the right avenue, you learn and apply principles of correct and meaningful oral communication.

To ensure continuous learning amidst the current crisis, it is prepared though designed modules. It
started with lessons and its given objectives to be attained in each particular topic. It followed by key concepts
that illustrate the lessons for cognitive and metacognitive learning. Furthermore, prepared activities and tasks
are given for the teacher to gauge how the learning process occurs. In this learning area, you are expected to
do learning tasks that will engage you on the four macro-skills. For your big tasks, you are expected to do
virtual interview and speech delivery tasks.

These series are designed to enrich competent learning with knowledge and skills which you can use in
every communication situation that you will engage in today and in the future. Moreover, it is equipped with the
content and performance standards and the most essential learning competencies arranged by the curriculum
developers.

WEEK LESSON NUMBER OF HOURS

Week 1 General Orientation and Subject
Orientation
Week 2 Lesson 1: Definition of 4 hours
Communication
Lesson 2: Elements and Process of
Communication
Lesson 3: Functions of
Communication
Week 3 Lesson 4: Various Models of 4 hours
Communication
Week 4 Lesson 5: Features of Effective 4 hours
Communication
Lesson 6: Barriers to
Communication
Lesson 7: Intercultural
Communication
Week 5 Lesson 8: Verbal and Nonverbal 4 hours
Communication
Week 6 Lesson 9: Types of Speech 4 hours
Context
Lesson 10: Types of Speech Styles
Week 7 Lesson 11: Types of Speech Acts 4 hours
Week 8 Lesson 12: Types of 4 hours
Communicative Strategies
Week 9 Lesson 13: Application of the 4 hours
Different Strategies on
Communications
Week 10 First Quarter Examination

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 2 of 19
IN CASE OF ASSISTANCE: If you find trouble in answering your module, please do not hesitate to contact
the following:

NAME OF TEACHER Lemmuel C. Obra

CONTACT NUMBER 09120011012 (Smart/TNT)
EMAIL ACCOUNT [email protected]
MESSENGER Lemmuel Obra

Your teacher,

LEMMUEL C. OBRA

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 3 of 19
 CONTENT The learner understands the nature and elements of oral communication in context.
STANDARDS
PERFORMANCE The learner designs and performs effective controlled and uncontrolled oral
STANDARDS communication activities based on context.
MOST ESSENTIAL Explains the functions, nature and process of communication
LEARNING
COMPETENCIES
DURATION/TIME
Week 2 Date: August 31, 2020 – September 4, 2020
FRAME

LESSON 1: DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION

A. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
a. define communication; and
b. explain the importance of effective communication.

B. KEY CONCEPTS

WARM-UP!

Before we go through this module, I want you to give your idea on this question, “Is effective
communication important? Why? Why not?” A separate sheet is provided for you to write your
answer (Learning Tasks, Activity 1).

After completing the activity above, tick the column that determines how often you practice
what the statements say. Do this as objectively as possible. Bear in mind that there are no wrong
answers.
STATEMENTS USUALLY SOMETIMES SELDOM NEVER
1. I communicate to convey my messages
and express my ideas.
2. I describe communication as process.
3. I understand that a communication can be
expressed in words and/or actions.
4. I can distinguish the features of the
communication process.
5. I can differentiate the models of
communication.
6. I effectively convey a message both in
words and actions.
7. I can identify the elements of
communication.
8. I can explain the cause of communication
breakdown.
9. I use strategies to avoid communication
breakdown.
10. I know the functions of communication.
TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL /30
SCORING SCORE LEVEL OF PROFICIENCY
Usually—3 points 28—30 Advanced
Sometimes—2 points 25—27 Proficient
Seldom—1 point 23—24 Approaching Proficiency
Never—0 21—22 Developing
20—below Beginning

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 4 of 19
 WORK AND LEARN

a. Definition of Communication

Communication can be defined in many ways. It can be a process of sharing and conveying
message or information from one person to another within and across channels, contexts,
media and cultures. There is a wide variety of contexts and situations in which communication can
be manifested; it can be a face-to-face interaction, a phone conversation, a group discussion, a
meeting or interview, a class recitation, and many others. This means that through communication,
we can exchange messages with other people across the globe. In our present situation,
communication with people in the different parts of the world was made easier through the different
media available today such as the social media.

Another definition of communication is, it is sending and receiving messages to achieve

understanding. We need to bear in mind that the main goal why we communicate with other people
is that for us to be understood by the one whom we are talking with. Without understanding between
the sender and the receiver of the message, communication is not effective. In sending our messages,
we can use words, signs, or behaviors to express our ideas, thoughts, and feelings to someone else.

In addition, communication was derived from the Latin word “communis” which means to
impart, to transmit, to convey and to share. Thus, communication is a very important tool in our daily
life for though this, we can impart knowledge, we can convey ideas, and we can share our feelings
and emotions.

b. Other Definitions of Communication

1. “Communication is transfer of information from one person to another, whether or not it elicits
confidence. But the information transferred must be understandable to the receiver”. – G.G. Brown.

2. “Communication is the intercourse by words, letters or messages”. - Fred G. Meyer.

3. “Communication is the process of transmitting ideas, information, and attitudes from the source to a
receiver for the purpose of influencing with intent”. —Roger

4. Communication is a way of moving between one place and another.

5. “Communication is a tool that makes societies possible and distinguish human from other societies”. —
Schramm

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 5 of 19
 C. LEARNING TASKS

LET'S DO IT!
Below are the activities you need to accomplish for this lesson. After writing your answers on
the space provided for you, detach this page for submission.

ACTIVITY NO. 1
NAME: PALAEZ, ARKEN L. DATE: September 04, 2020
GRADE/STRAND/SECTION: GRADE 11- ICT A SUBJECT: Oral communication
INSTRUCTONS: In three (3) sentences, give your insights on the question: “Is effective communication
important? Why? Why not?

ANSWER:
________________________________________________________________________________________
Effective communication is of course important because first, it leads to stronger relationship with others. Whenever we
________________________________________________________________________________________
communicate, our relationship with others develop. Second, effective communication lessens or evicts the chance of
________________________________________________________________________________________
getting misunderstood by others. Your message will be clearly delivered which is important especially during business
________________________________________________________________________________________
negotiations Third, a person who communicate effectively can grab more opportunities than other person who can't.
________________________________________________________________________________________
Imagine 2 people applying for 1 slot in the call center company. The one communicates so good while the other one
________________________________________________________________________________________
doesn't, of course the one who can communicate properly is the one who will win that slot.
_______________________________________________________________________________________.

ACTIVITY NO. 2
INSTRUCTIONS: From the other definitions of communication cited under Work and Learn, choose three
(3) definitions and explain it in 3-5 sentences only.

DEFINITION:
________________________________________________________________________________________
"Communication is transfer of information from one person to another, whether or not it elicits confidence. But the infor-
________________________________________________________________________________________
mation transferred must be understandable to the receiver."
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
ANSWER:
________________________________________________________________________________________
Communication is transfer of information from one person to another . It is also important that the
________________________________________________________________________________________
information you transfered is understandable to the receiver. You should know how to deliver the information depending
________________________________________________________________________________________
on how a specific person or group can understand it. You shouldn't just deliver the way you understand it, also consider
________________________________________________________________________________________
the thinking ability of the receiver.
_______________________________________________________________________________________.

DEFINITION:
________________________________________________________________________________________
"Communication is the intercourse by words, letters or messages."
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
ANSWER:
________________________________________________________________________________________
Communication is the intercourse by words, letters or messages. You can communicate with others through chatting
________________________________________________________________________________________
personally or even in videos and calls. Letters is also used as a communication especially when technology isn't developed
________________________________________________________________________________________
yet. They send letters to other person and wait their reply also through a letter. Letters are still used nowadays especially
________________________________________________________________________________________
in when asking permissions like in the municipal halls or schools. Now that technology was developed, communication
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
now done through messages using gadgets or medias.

DEFINITION:
________________________________________________________________________________________
Communication is a tool that makes societies possible and distinguish human from other societies.
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
ANSWER:
________________________________________________________________________________________
Communication makes societies possible. You communicate your ideas, thoughts, for the community betterment of the
________________________________________________________________________________________
community. Also communication distinguish human from other societies. When we communicate with others, we can know
________________________________________________________________________________________
their personality or languages therefore we can say that the person came from here or that. Communication can be our
________________________________________________________________________________________
guide differentiating humans from other societies.
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 6 of 19
LESSON 2: ELEMENTS AND PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

A. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
a. discuss the different elements of communication; and
b. illustrate the process of communication using a diagram.

B. KEY CONCEPTS
WARM-UP!

Going back to the activity in Lesson 1 under Warm Up, statement number 2 says that
communication is a process. As a Pre-Activity to this lesson, explain what you know about
communication as a process. Please refer to Learning Task, Activity 3 for your answer sheet.

WORK AND LEARN

a. Nature of Communication
1. Communication is a process.
2. Communication is an interaction.
3. Communication can be expressed through written or spoken words, actions (nonverbal) or
both spoken words and nonverbal actions at the same time.

To further explain the process of communication, let’s take a look at the example below:

Process of Communication Example

The speaker generates an idea Daphne loves Rico, her suitor, as a friend.

The speaker encodes an idea or converts the She thinks of how to tell him using their native
idea into words or actions. language.

The speaker transmits or sends out a message. She tells him, “Rico, mahal kita bilang kaibigan.”

The receiver gets the message. Rico hears what Daphne says.

The receiver decodes or interprets the message He tries to analyze what she means based on the
based on the context. content and their relationship, and he is
heartbroken.

The receiver sends or provides feedback. He frowns and does not say something because he
is pain.

b. Elements of Communication
Looking back on the example above, we can see the different elements of communication that
plays a vital role in order to achieve an effective communication.

1. Speaker. The speaker is the source of information or message.

2. Message. This is the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in
actions.
3. Encoding. It is the process of converting the message into words, actions, or other forms that the
speaker understands.

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 7 of 19
4. Channel. This is the medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal or nonverbal,
in which the encoded message is conveyed.
5. Decoding. It is the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the receiver.
6. Receiver. The recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the message.
7. Feedback. The reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver.
8. Context/Situation. The environment where the communication takes place.
9. Noise/Barrier. These are the factors that affect the flow of communication.

The following are examples of communication situations:

a. A teacher(speaker) delivering a lecture (message) to his students (receiver).
b. A coach (speaker) talking to his players (receiver).
c. A parent (speaker) giving advice (message) to his child (receiver) over the phone (channel).
d. A vlogger (speaker) sharing his opinion (message) to his subscribers (receiver).

BIG IDEA:
“Successful communication leads to mutual understanding.”

As discussed in Lesson 1 that the main goal of communication is understanding between two
parties, then, in order to achieve it, the speaker needs to consider the different elements. The speaker
might have a good message but fails to choose the right channel to encode his message, then it will
fail its purpose since the receiver will have hard time decoding the message. Let’s take for instance this
scenario:

John, a teacher by profession, was invited by his alma mater as the Keynote Speaker for their
Graduation Ceremony. With his desire to inspire the graduates, he prepared a lengthy speech using the
English language since he was used to deliver speeches and lessons using the language. He was so
aggressive to prepare his speech that he fails to consider his audience. On the day of graduation, he
confidently delivers his message in front of the crowd. Along the course of his delivery, most of the
people present were moving around, some were talking to each other while others were busy using
their mobile phones. When John finishes his speech, most of the people murmurs that they did not
understand what he said. Why? Most of the people present during that day was not professional like
him and cannot easily understand a full English text since most of them uses Ilocano as their medium
of communication. Another reason is that, he was talking to elementary students and most of the
words he used was not easy to understand at their age. Further, he delivered his speech for about two
hours that made his listeners become bored and inattentive.

If only John considers his audience on the onset of his speech preparation, then he should have
changed his language or maybe mix English with Ilocano so that he can get the attention of his
audience. Moreover, he should have considered the time. A maximum time that an adult can endure
while listening attentively is approximately 45 minutes, 30 minutes for teenagers and 15—25 minutes
for elementary pupils. Beyond that number of minutes, a listener can no longer grasps what he listens
to.

If we want to achieve the goal of effective communication, then we must as well consider the
different elements for it will help us deliver a clear message to our audience or receiver.

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 8 of 19
 C. LEARNING TASKS

LET'S DO IT!
The following activities are to check whether you have understood the lesson. Detach
this page after you answer and submit it together with the other Activity Sheets.

ACTIVITY NO. 3
NAME: PALAEZ, ARKEN L. DATE: September 07, 2020
GRADE/STRAND/SECTION: GRADE 11-ICT A SUBJECT: Oral Communication
INSTRUCTIONS: Explain in three to five sentences the nature of communication as a process.

ANSWER:
________________________________________________________________________________________
Communication is a process. It has a series of steps in order to communicate properly. There is a sender and receiver
________________________________________________________________________________________
of the idea. Example is a communication of a teacher and a student in a room. First, the teacher will think of a topic or idea.
________________________________________________________________________________________
Second, he will generate the idea then share it to the student through discussion, video, or an action. Third, the student
________________________________________________________________________________________
will receive the idea. Forth, he will give his feedback about the idea through action or question. Fifth, the teacher will
________________________________________________________________________________________
respond and so on.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.

ACTIVTY NO. 4
NAME: Palaez, Arken l. DATE: September 07, 2020
GRADE/STRAND/SECTION: Grade 11, ICT-A SUBJECT: Oral Communication
INSTRUCTIONS: The following statements are communication situations. Identify in each situation the
sender, message, receiver, and feedback. Write your answers on the space provided for you.

1. A Valedictory Address delivers by the Student’s Representative in front of the Graduating Class who
are listening attentively.
Sender: ___________________________________________________________________________
Student's Representative
Message: _________________________________________________________________________
Valedictory Address
Receiver: _________________________________________________________________________
Graduating Class
Feedback: _________________________________________________________________________
listening attentively

2. A downcast applicant upon receiving the result of his application from the screening committee.
Sender: ___________________________________________________________________________
screening committee
Message: result
_________________________________________________________________________
of application
Receiver: _________________________________________________________________________
applicant
Feedback: downcast
_________________________________________________________________________

3. A coach informing his runner that he won by a second making him burst out into joy.
Sender: ___________________________________________________________________________
coach
Message: he
_________________________________________________________________________
won by a second / result of the race
Receiver: _________________________________________________________________________
his runner
Feedback: burst
_________________________________________________________________________
out into joy

4. Mr. Denmark, the CEO of Fidel Builders announced to his employees who were anxiously waiting that
they have won the bidding.
Sender: ___________________________________________________________________________
Mr. Denmark, the CEO of Fidel Builders
Message: they
_________________________________________________________________________
have won the bidding/ results of the bidding
Receiver: _________________________________________________________________________
his employees
Feedback: _________________________________________________________________________
anxiously waiting

5. “I did my best, but I guess my best wasn’t good enough”, Michael said to his parents on the result of
his board examination.
Sender: ___________________________________________________________________________
Michael
Message: _________________________________________________________________________
result of his board exam
Receiver: _________________________________________________________________________
his parents
Feedback: comforts
_________________________________________________________________________
him

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 9 of 19
 ACTIVITY NO. 5
NAME: PALAES, ARKEN L. DATE: September 08, 2020
GRADE/STRAND/SECTION: GRADE 11, ICT- A SUBJECT:
INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the table below by writing the four basic components of the communication
process. An example is given for you to follow.

SITUATION SENDER MESSAGE RECEIVER FEEDBACK

A parishioner Parishioner Enumeration of Parish priest The penance to be
confesses his sins sins done by the
to the priest parishioner.

A weatherman Weatherman Coming of a strong Viewers

reports the coming typhoon.
Prepare for
of a strong the coming of
typhoon. the typhoon.

A radio show host

The names of the Participants and
announces the radio show Winner's burst into
winners listeners
winners’ names. host joy

A teacher calls one

of his students to The student answers
To answer the raised
answer the raised teacher One of his students
the question.
question.
question.

ACTIVITY NO. 6
NAME: PALAEZ, ARKEN L. DATE: September 08, 2020
GRADE/STRAND/SECTION: GRADE 11, ICT- A SUBJECT: Oral Communication
INSTRUCTIONS: Based from what you have understood on the lesson on the Process of Communication,
draw the diagram of the process. Label your diagram using the different elements of communication.

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 10 of 19
LESSON 3: FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
A. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
a. differentiate the different functions of communication; and
b. explore how these functions are used.

B. KEY CONCEPTS
WARM-UP!

Cite one song which is top in your playlist. The song can either be in your local dialect, in
Tagalog or English. In the Activity Sheet under Learning Tasks, write your favorite stanza of the song
and share something about the stanza. Be guided with the question, how does the song/line of the
song affect you?

WORK AND LEARN

Communication as a human activity always serves a function. Functions of
communications refer to how humans use language for different purposes. Just like your favorite song,
it has a function to you as human. Most often, it brings out your emotion. Theoretician such as Roman
Jakobson, Michael Halliday and Bronislaw Malinowsi have categorized the different uses or functions of
communication.

Knowing these functions will help us know how to use it in different times, place and situation—
depending on what will be the most appropriate and will yield the results that they desire.

Functions of Communication

1. Regulation/Control—can be used to control the behavior of human beings. It can be used to

regulate the nature and amount of activities people engage in.
Examples:
a. Doctor giving advice/prescription to patient
• “Take your medicine 3 times a day.”
b. A parent giving instruction to their child
• “Wash the dishes now, or else I won’t allow you to go to the party later.”
c. Policeman directing people not to jaywalk but cross on the pedestrian lane.
d. Employees are required to follow authority hierarchies and formal guidelines.
e. When the teacher looks sharply at the noisy students.
f. The janitor tells the students to leave the classroom.
g. The vendors on the sidewalk keep calling out to passerby to attract their attention.

2. Social Interaction—communication can be used to produced social relationships. In our daily

course of living, we develop and maintain bonds, intimacy, relations and associations.
Examples:
a. Invitation—“Would you likesome coffee, tea or juice?”
b. Greetings—“Hey man! It’s nice to see you.”
c. Appreciation—“I’m so glad that I have known you.”
d. Encouragement—“You can do it.”
e. Marriage Proposal—“Will you marry me?”

Note that through communication, we can easily establish relationships with other people
even to those whom we just met the first time. Relationships started with a single communication
between people.

3. Emotional Expression—as a function of communication refers to a person using a language to

express desires, needs, wants, likes and dislikes, inclinations, choices and aspirations.
Examples:

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 11 of 19
 a. Expressing one’s ambition
“I want to finish my studies with good grades to be accepted in a good university.”
b. Expressing a need
“I need you in my life.”
c. Expressing prayer
“We pray for those who suffered from this pandemic.”

4. Information—communication can be used for giving and getting information. Giving information
comes in the form of statements of facts (grammatically known as declaratives)
Examples:
a. Mt. Pulag is now the third highest mountain in the Philippines.
b. What is the second highest mountain in the Philippines?
c. What is the longest word in English dictionary?
d. King’s College of the Philippines—Benguet traces its humble beginning as a Technical—
Vocational School way back 2004.
e. The Philippines has the longest Christmas Season celebration in the world.

5. Motivation—communication motivates or encourages people to live better.

Examples:
a. Giving a pep talk to a depressed friend.
b. Lifting up a player who losses the game.
c. Cheering your team in basketball game.
d. Encouraging yourself not to give amidst trials and difficulties you are facing.
e. Inspiring the senior high school graduates to strive in their studies.

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 12 of 19
 C. LEARNING TASKS

LET'S DO IT!
The following activities are to check whether you have understood the lesson. Detach this page
after you answer and submit it together with the other Activity Sheets.

ACTIVITY NO. 7
NAME: PALAE, ARKEN L. DATE:
GRADE/STRAND/SECTION: GRADE 11, ICT-A SUBJECT:
INSTRUCTIONS: Cite one song which is top in your playlist. The song can either be in your local dialect, in
Tagalog or English. Write your favorite stanza of the song and share something about the stanza. Be guided
with the question, how does the song/line of the song affect you? Limit your sharing to 3-5 sentences only.

ANSWER:
________________________________________________________________________________________
What Makes you Beautiful by One direction
________________________________________________________________________________________
You're insecure You don't know, oh oh
________________________________________________________________________________________
Don't know what for You don't know you're beautiful, oh oh
________________________________________________________________________________________
You're turning heads when you walk through the door If only you saw what I can see
________________________________________________________________________________________
Don't need make-up to cover up You'll understand why I want you so desperately
________________________________________________________________________________________
Being the way that you are is enough
________________________________________________________________________________________
I'm so insecure about myself but this song reminds me that I'm beautiful the way I am thus I'm motivated to be
________________________________________________________________________________________
confident. When I can't see myself beautiful but others can like a butterfly that can't see the beauty of their wings but
________________________________________________________________________________________
we can. A beautiful song that reminds me no need to wear make up, that I don't need those ones because being me is
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
enough. The song says it all.

ACTIVITY NO. 8
INSTRUCTIONS: Write a 200-250 words essay answering the question “Who Am I?” Focus on your
strengths, problems you have dealt with and how did you overcome it. What are the lessons these problems
have taught you? Include as well your ambitions in life or your future plans. (Use the back portion of this
sheet in case you need more space for writing.)
________________________________________________________________________________________
Who am I? I am Arken Palaez a 16 year old girl from Kapangan, Benguet. I'm the second daughter out of four
________________________________________________________________________________________
of an self-employed woman and a government employee. I love dancing, playing guitar, photography and editing. I love
________________________________________________________________________________________
dancing so I became a member of my previous school's dance troupe. I had a little bit of knowledge in playing guitar so
________________________________________________________________________________________
auditioned to be a member of the school band, I passed so I became the school band's lead guitarist and after a year their
________________________________________________________________________________________
bassist(amateur), it's when I started liking guitar. I'm also fun of taking photos so I became one of my previous school's
________________________________________________________________________________________
photo journalist. Obviously, I'm a person who loves trying something new and a risk taker. I keep on stepping out of my
________________________________________________________________________________________
comfort zone and keep on trying something new that's why. I can say that I am active because I don't waste opportunities.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Maybe I had a lot of achievements. But did you know the struggle behind those ones? These are my problems
________________________________________________________________________________________
I'm going to share you. Before and even after being part of those organizations, my skills was doubt. When I auditioned as a band
________________________________________________________________________________________
member a lot of people laughed at my back and insulted me. When we have band rehearsals I'm the one who didn't practiced its part
________________________________________________________________________________________
yet, I'm the one who can't jive with the beat, I'm the one who gets it last. 5 experts carrying me. When I join activities, I don't see strong
________________________________________________________________________________________
support but hate and doubt. Judgment is one of the most thing I encounter when I'm being confident. Even though it really sucks I still
________________________________________________________________________________________
try my best to deal with it. I never stopped believing and just ignored them and made them as my inspirations to make it really happen.
________________________________________________________________________________________
I show them can and that's how I give them karma. "Watch me do it" mindset. I don't let somebody discourage me. Since I've joined
________________________________________________________________________________________
organizations,i had a hard time facing them including my studies. Of course even though it sucks again to break your attention into
________________________________________________________________________________________
many, time management is the key. I usually have overtime in school and in our home practicing. Sadly, right now I face a bigger
________________________________________________________________________________________
problem. I slowly losing my strengths. I dance like a statue and play like a kid literally. I have a hard time reviving it because of my
________________________________________________________________________________________
laziness. I'm dealing it by trying to practice when I have time and watch some tutorials. Playing guitar ain't really my talent, I just forced
________________________________________________________________________________________
it that's why I lose it real quick. Life is really up and down, you go up and suddenly go down. Now you have to find a way to go up
________________________________________________________________________________________
again. Aside from that, I also struggle in constructing articles or essays. I also find journalism as the my solution, it's one of my reason for
________________________________________________________________________________________
joining so but I think it's a fail. I have a lot of problem but my only solution is to face them and laugh at them, kidding. I take risks and face
________________________________________________________________________________________
them.
________________________________________________________________________________________
My ambition by the way is to become a successful engineer. After taking ICT in sen high, I'll study computer engineering in
________________________________________________________________________________________
college and get some lessons about my hobbies like dancing and photography. After I graduate I will earn money through my profession
________________________________________________________________________________________
and sidelines for my skills. I'll divide my money into my needs especially for my family. I'll really earn a lot of money so I can travel
the world. I really want to see Aurora Borealis and all the beauties the nature has to offer. And while traveling I'll do vlogging since
________________________________________________________________________________________
through their I can be nature's advocate and also another source of income. Through it I can do small business like comp shop, t-shirt
________________________________________________________________________________________
printing and also I want to have my own dance and music studios and.
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 13 of 19
CONTENT STANDARDS The learner understands the nature and elements of oral communication in
context.
PERFORMANCE The learner designs and performs effective controlled and uncontrolled oral
STANDARDS communication activities based on context.
MOST ESSENTIAL a. Differentiates the various models of communication
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
DURATION/TIME FRAME Week: 3 Date: September 7—11, 2020

LESSON 4: MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

A. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
a. discuss the different models of communication; and
b. differentiate the different models of communication.

B. KEY POINTS

WORK AND LEARN

Models of Communication

a. Linear Models of Communication

KEY FEATURES
➢ One-way communication
➢ Used for mass communication
SENDER CHANNEL RECEIVER ➢ Sender sends the message and
receiver only receives
➢ No feedback
➢ Lacks the concept of noise

PROS CONS
➢ Good at audience persuasion and ➢ Communication is not continuous as
propaganda setting no concept of feedback
➢ Intentional results ➢ No way to assess if communication
was effective

1. Aristotle’s Model of Communication

• The first and earliest linear model is that of Aristotle, who was a teacher of Rhetoric and
even put up an academy to produce good speakers.

SPEAKER MESSAGE RECEIVER EFFECT

(Speech) (Audience/Listener)

• Considered as one-way communication for there is no concept of feedback.

• There is no concept of concept of communication failure like noise and barriers.
• This model can only be used in public speaking where the speaker does not necessarily
get a response from the audience during the time the message was delivered.

2. Laswell’s Model of Communication

• This model was developed by communication theorist Harold D. Laswell in 1948
• It is considered as one of the most influential communication models.

WHO SAYS CHANNEL TO WITH

WHAT WHOM WHAT
EFFECT

(Sender) (Message) (Medium) (Receiver) (Feedback)

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 14 of 19
 3. Berlo’s Model of Communication

• Postulated by David Berlo from Shannon Weaver’s Model of Communication

• In his model, Berlo described factors affecting individual components in the
communication making the communication more efficient.
• There is no concept of feedback, so the effect is not considered.
• Like with the Aristotle’s model, there is no concept of noise or any kind of barriers in
communication.
• Both of the people must be similar according to all the factors mentioned in the model.

Source Encodes Message Channel Decodes Receiver

Communication Content Hearing Communication

Skills Skills
Elements

Attitudes Treatment Seeing Attitudes

Structure
Knowledge Touching Knowledge
Code

Social System Smelling Social System

Culture Tasting Culture

b. Transactional Models of Communication

KEY FEATURES
➢ Used for interpersonal communication
➢ Senders and receivers interchange roles
SENDER/ CHANNEL RECEIVER/ ➢ Simultaneous feedback
RECEIVER Message/Feedback SENDER ➢ Feedback is taken as new message
➢ Context of environment and noise

PROS CONS
➢ Simultaneous and instant feedback ➢ Encourages non-verbal communication
➢ No discrimination between sender and receiver ➢ More noise due to communicators talking
at the same time

1. Shannon—Weaver’s Model of Communication

• This model takes the communication as a two-way process. It makes the model applicable in
general communication.
• It can be applied more for interpersonal communication than group communication and mass
communication.
• In 1948, Shannon was an American mathematician, Electronic engineer and Weaver was an
American scientist both of them join together to write an article in “Bell System Technical
Journal” called “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” and also called as “Shannon-Weaver
model of communication”.

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 15 of 19
 • This model is specially designed to develop the effective communication between sender and
receiver. Also, they find factors which affecting the communication process called “Noise”. At
first the model was developed to improve the Technical communication. Later it’s widely applied
in the field of Communication.

• The model deals with various concepts like Information source, transmitter, Noise, channel,
message, receiver, channel, information destination, encode and decode.

Information Source Transmitter Reception Destination

CHANNEL
SENDER ENCODER DECODER RECEIVER

NOISE

NOISE

NOISE

NOISE
FEEDBACK

c. Interactive Models of Communication

KEY FEATURES
CHANNEL • Used for new communications like internet
Message • Slower feedbacks in turns
• Concept of field of experience
SENDER RECEIVER • Known as convergence model
• Communication becomes linear if receiver
does not respond

PROS
• Feedback even in mass communication
• New communication channels

CONS
CHANNEL • Feedback can take a very long time
Message/Feedback • Sender and receiver might not know who the
other person is
RECEIVER SENDER

1. Schramm’s Model of Communication

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 16 of 19
 • Sender and receiver interchanges and both are equally active.
• Circular communication gives opportunity to both parties to give their opinion.
• As it is dynamic and ever-changing model, it is helpful in general practice.
• Semantic noise included as a concept helps in understanding problems that can occur during
interpretation of message
• Concept of interpretation makes the communication effective.
• Field of experience (psychological effect) helps to understand the communication process in
many other ways than the traditional ones.

What is Field of Experience?

Field of experience are the things that influences the understanding and interpretation of
message like culture, social background, beliefs, experiences, values and rules.

Examples:

• A person who always eats with spoon is informed that he has to eat with hands in that
place, the person will get offended because he will think it is impolite to eat that way

• The teacher must deliver his lecture in either English or Filipino because that is the
language the students know and use.

• A person with lot of experiences can somehow easier to adopt to different situation.

• A missionary who goes to different places needs to learn cultures and beliefs of different
tribes for him to establish rapport with them.

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 17 of 19
 C. LEARNING TASKS
LET'S DO IT!
Below are the activities you need to accomplish for this lesson. After writing your answers on
the space provided for you, detach this page for submission.

ACTIVITY NO. 9

NAME: DATE:

GRADE/STRAND/SECTION: SUBJECT:

INSTRUCTONS:
1. Using a Venn-Diagram, make a comparison on Interactive Model of Communication and
Transactional Model of Communication.
2. Using still a Venn-Diagram, compare and contrast Linear, Interactive and Interactional Model of
Communication. You can use the back portion of this paper if you need more page to write your
answers.

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 18 of 19
REFERENCES:
Sipaco, PJ F. & Balgos, AR G. (2016). Oral communication in context for senior high school. C & E Publishing
Inc. Quezon City

Aficial, Ann Jelu. (2016, Juk 11). Models of Communication. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/judyanntulao/models-of-communication-63898369?from_action=save

Blabagno, CJ D. (2017, June 16). Nature and Elements of Communication. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/ChrisstineJoyBlabagno/oral-comm-definition-and-elements-of-communication

De Castro, F. Functions of Communication. (2016, Aug. 23). Retrieved from

https://prezi.com/ofio8ljsu0tn/regulationcontrol-as-a-function-of-communication/

Remoral, G.B. Functions of Communication. (2017, July 2). Retrieved from

https://www.slideshare.net/gilremoral/functions-of-communication-77440503

Functions of Communication. (2016, Oct 14). Retrieved from

https://oralcom.wordpress.com/2016/10/14/functions-of-communication/

Prepared by:

JASON Y. RARAS

MARISA B. OYTO

KRISTEL CREL T. CUALAN

LEMMUEL C. OBRA

Basic Education Department – SHS Learning Module in Oral Communication in Context Page 19 of 19