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01 04 Journal

1. Physical properties describe matter without changing its chemical identity and include phase, density, ductility, malleability, melting point, solubility, boiling point, compressibility, and electrical/thermal conductivity. 2. Chemical properties describe a substance's potential for chemical change and include reactivity, flammability, toxicity, heat of combustion, and corrosion. 3. Density is an important physical property used to identify unknown substances. It is calculated by dividing a substance's mass by its volume and has typical units of g/mL or kg/m3.

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28 views3 pages

01 04 Journal

1. Physical properties describe matter without changing its chemical identity and include phase, density, ductility, malleability, melting point, solubility, boiling point, compressibility, and electrical/thermal conductivity. 2. Chemical properties describe a substance's potential for chemical change and include reactivity, flammability, toxicity, heat of combustion, and corrosion. 3. Density is an important physical property used to identify unknown substances. It is calculated by dividing a substance's mass by its volume and has typical units of g/mL or kg/m3.

Uploaded by

Akshay Karthik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chemistry Journal

1.04 Properties of Matter


Driving Question: How do physical and chemical properties influence how matter interacts with
the world around us?

Key Ideas and Terms Notes


FQ: How are states of matter different from one another?
Define phase of matter. a unique form of the existence of matter

What is compressibility? the measure of how much the volume of matter can decrease under
pressure
States of Matter Video
Record properties of each
state regarding particle
movement and
arrangement,
compressibility, forces
between particles, energy,
and other key properties:
 Solid Solids made up of only one element, by contrast, have atoms of equal
size. This results in what chemists call a close-packed structure,
where each atom is located as close to the next atom as possible.

 Liquid The atoms in metals are often arranged in close-packed structures.


Atoms in a liquid are packed together in a defined space in a semi-
organized way. But those atoms are able to move around freely and
sometimes mix in unpredictable ways. Unlike solids, there is no set
organization or strong bonding between atoms in a liquid.

 Gas Particles in a gas are far apart, fast moving, and are not organized in
any particular way. Unlike the particles in solids and liquids, the atoms
and molecules in gases are not particularly attracted to each other.
Within a gas the atoms or molecules pass each other regularly and
interact only for a brief moment of time.

 Plasma Plasmas, for example, are well recognized as a fourth state of matter,
which is when matter has so much energy in it that it floats around
charged. That is, the electrons and the protons separate from each
other and move as a uniform charged gas.
FQ: How are physical properties used to describe matter?
Physical properties can be A physical property can be changed without altering the identity of a
changed without _______ material.
the _______ of a material.

What is an extensive a physical property that is dependent on sample size Shape,


property? List examples. volume, length, and mass are classified as extensive
physical properties

What is an intensive a physical property that is not dependent on sample size


property? List examples. Magnetism, density, melting and boiling points, and color
are classified as intensive physical properties

Define each of the


following and explain why
it is a physical property:
 Phase/state The phase (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) of a substance is a physical
property.

 Density This ratio of mass per volume is a physical property that does not
depend on the size of the sample.

 Ductility The ability to be pulled or stretched to make a wire is a physical


property of metals.

 Malleability Some substances have the ability to be shaped, dented, or extended


by beating with a hammer or rolling.

 Melting point The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid is its melting point.

 Solubility A substance is soluble if it is able to dissolve in another substance.

 Boiling point The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas is its boiling point.

 Compressibility Compressibility is a physical property. It describes how much the


volume of matter decreases under pressure. Substances with high
compressibility can be squeezed or flattened to fit into smaller spaces.

 Electrical and The ability to transmit electricity or heat through the structure of a
thermal substance is a physical property shared by metals.
conductivity
FQ: How is density calculated and used to distinguish materials?
Why is density used for Because density is an intensive physical property, its value for a
identifying unknown substance does not change based on the sample size of that
substances? substance. Because of this, density is often used to identify unknown
materials.
What is the mathematical density=mass/volume
formula for density, and
what are some possible
units for density?

If a sample of cork has a d=2.88 g12.0 mL


mass of 2.88 g and a d=0.24 g/mL
volume of 12.0 mL, what
is the density of the cork?
Show your work.

A cube has a mass of 22.4 d=22.4 kg8 m3


kg and a side length of 2 d=2.8 kg/m3
m. What is the density of
the block? Show your
work.
FQ: What are some chemical properties of matter?
Define chemical property. a substance's potential to undergo a reaction or chemical change
What makes chemical because of its composition or bonding. Chemical properties are
properties different from characteristics of composition, reactivity, and how substances change
into different substances. They describe matter's potential to undergo
physical properties? a reaction or chemical change.

Define each of the following and explain why it is a chemical property:

 Reactivity Reactivity is a chemical property. It refers to the readiness of a


substance to undergo a chemical change.
 Flammability Flammability is a chemical property. It describes how easily a
substance can be set on fire. This is very important when it comes to
building safety.
 Toxicity Toxicity is a chemical property. It describes the ability of a substance
to damage or harm an organism.
 Heat of combustion The heat of combustion is a chemical property. It measures how
much heat is given off when a substance is burned.
 Corrosion Corrosion is the irreversible damage or destruction of a material due
to a chemical or electrochemical reaction.
 Decomposition Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a chemical you may have around your
house, is stored in a dark container to slow down decomposition,
which can be caused by heat and light.

Be sure to record any extra helpful notes, vocabulary terms, and practice sample problems.

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