Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

Document Number: DRM164

Design Reference Manual Rev. 1, 09/2015

KM3x_256 Based Three-Phase Power Meter

Hardware Design Reference Manual

1 Introduction Contents
The Freescale three-phase power meter reference design 1 Introduction 1
2 Demo board content 4
is designed according to the China State Grid 3 Demo board hardware features 5
Corporation standard Q/GDW354-2012 Functional 4 Three-phase power meter demo board 6
Specification for Smart Electricity Meters and standard 4.1. System power ....................................................... 6
4.2 Clock ................................................................... 7
Q/GDW 356-2012 Type Specification for Smart 4.3 Debug interface .......................................................... 7
Polyphase Electricity Meters. 4.4. Voltage sampling and frequency measuring ........... 8
4.5. Current sampling .................................................. 9
The reference design aims to reduce the time to market 4.6. External memory ................................................ 10
for power meter customers and partners, and tailor the 4.7. Tamper protection ............................................... 11
4.8. Pulse output ........................................................ 13
design to the user’s unique needs in their powering 4.9. RS485 interface .................................................. 13
system. 4.10. LCD display and backlight .................................. 14
4.11. Jumper table ....................................................... 15
5. Summary 16
6. References 16
7. Revision history 16

© 2015 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All rights reserved.

Introduction

The three-phase power meter reference design uses the Freescale ARM®Cortex®-M0+ core 144-PIN
LQFP KM34Z256 SoC to realize all the metering and application functions.

Figure 1. KM34Z256 block diagram

KM3x_256 Based Three-Phase Power Meter Hardware Design Reference Manual, Rev. 1, 09/2015
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 Introduction

The hardware design consists of the power board and the main board. The following figure shows the
system diagram:

Figure 2. System block diagram

KM3x_256 Based Three-Phase Power Meter Hardware Design Reference Manual, Rev. 1, 09/2015
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Demo board content

2 Demo board content

The following figure shows the demo board:

Figure 3. Power meter demo

KM3x_256 Based Three-Phase Power Meter Hardware Design Reference Manual, Rev. 1, 09/2015
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 Demo board hardware features

The following figure shows the hardware connection method:

Figure 4. Power meter demo without casing

3 Demo board hardware features

The Freescale three-phase power meter includes the following hardware features:
• An ARM Cortex-M0+ core MKM34Z256VLQ7, a 144 LQFP, 75 MHz, 256 KB flash memory,
and a 32 KB SRAM.
• 3 x 220/380 V voltage inputs generate two isolated 5 V DC outputs; one is for the system while
the other one is for 485 communications.
• Current sampling: a 0.05 % accuracy CT, a 25 ppm shunt, and a 24-bit SD ADC.
• Voltage sampling: a 25 ppm resistor divider, and a 16-bit SAR ADC.

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Three-phase power meter demo board

• A KM34 internal ACMP module for zero cross point detection.

• 5 ppm accuracy RTC is achieved using an external 0.5 ˚C resolution temperature sensor, an
external 32.768 kHz crystal and an internal RTC module.
• One isolated RS485 output in half-duplex mode, with an ISL3152EIBZ.
• An infrared circuit with an AT205B as a transmitter and a TSOP4838 as receiver.
• An external 512 KB I2C EEPROM 24LC512 and 64 MB SPI flash MX25L6406EM2I-12G
provide the memory extension.
• 3 x isolated electrical pulse output, 3 x light pulse output for meter calibration/indication/test.
• Tamper protection: A tamper input pin detects box opening and an I2C based magnetic sensor
detects activity.
• Display: JIYA eight 32-segment LCD display modules with backlight control.

4 Three-phase power meter demo board

4.1. System power

The demo board is powered by 220 V AC. The power board transfers the grid AC voltage into two
isolated linear 5 V DC outputs. One 5 V DC output for powering the MCU system while the other one is
for isolated RS485 communication.
In power line off mode, the system has a 6 V lithium battery as backup power. One 3.6 V battery powers
the RTC, this battery must not be changed in the meter’s lifespan.
As the MCU system has a 3.3 V DC input, it needs an LDO to transfer the 5 V input to 3.3 V output in
the system. The LDO must have low quiescent current and low noise.
The following 2 figures illustrate the DC/DC and battery supply circuit.
The KM3x based metering system uses an internal ADC voltage reference; however to achieve higher
accuracy the meter must have an external high accuracy voltage reference. See Figure 6.

LDO Power Supply TP1

SYSTEM 5V VOLTAGE INPUT PAD
L1 10uH 3V3A_MCU
+5V_MCU D1 1 2 HDR_1X1
A C J1

+ C1 BAT760 C2 C3

1
220uF 3V3_POWER 10UF 0.1 UF
10V 6V BAT U1
D3 D4 F1
A CA C 1 5 1 2
GND VIN VOUT GND
1

2
1

1N4001 1N4001 2 TRF06-035V06-TF GND

C4 C5 C6 GND C7 C8 C9
0.1 UF 10UF 10UF 3 4 10UF 10UF 0.1 UF
EN BY P
6V BATTERY BT2
TP2 J3 1
L2 10uH
2
3V3D_MCU
C10
SPX3819M5-L-3-3 0.01uF HDR 1X2 TH
SYSTEM GND INPUT PAD CURRENT MEASURING
2

C11 C12
10UF 0.1 UF
GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND

GND
GND

Figure 5. DC power supply

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 Three-phase power meter demo board

External VREF Supply

4
U2

VIN
VREF
3V3A_MCU 6 1V2

2
1
3 VOUT_FORCE
ENABLE 5 C13 C14
VOUT_SENSE 0.1 UF 1uF

GND_FORCE

GND_SENSE
C18 C15 C16
1uF 0.1 UF 0.1 UF J4
HDR 1X2 TH

GND

ADR3412ARJZ-R2
1

2
GND GND GND

Figure 6. External VREF supply option

4.2 Clock
The KM34 system has an external Citizen +/-20 ppm 32.768 kHz crystal. RTC clock generation is also
performed by the crystal, that requires a high consistency of performance level.

RTC Crystal

Y1
2 1
XTAL32K {3} {3} EXTAL32K

32.768kHz
C68 C69 TP28
18pF 18pF
DNP DNP

GND GND GND

Figure 7. Oscillator circuit

4.3 Debug interface

The KM34 system uses a SWD debug port, J-Link and Multilink tools can be used for code developing
and debugging.

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Three-phase power meter demo board

The software uses the IAR tool chain (version 7.3 or higher), which can be configured to use the
selective hardware debugger.
SWD Debug

3V3D_KM

3V3D_KM
J6
1 2 R114
3 {3}4 SWD_DIO
4.7K
5 6{3} SWD_CLK
C71 7 8
0.1 UF 9 10 R115 {3} /RESET
820
HDR 2X5 SW2
1 2
GND GND
EVQ-PE105K C78
0.1 UF

GND

Figure 8. KM debug port

4.4. Voltage sampling and frequency measuring

The power line voltage sampling is done by a 16-bit SAR ADC. 220 V AC is transformed to
approximately 0.17 V AC by a resistor divider. The circuit adds a 0.6 V DC offset to this AC signal then
sends it to the SAR ADC for sampling.
The 0.6 V DC offset is generated by the KM34 internal 1.2 V VREF output and external amplifier
divider circuit by default.
There is an option to use an external 1.2 V VREF for the system. This requires a software switch
configuration.

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 Three-phase power meter demo board

The following figure shows the voltage sampling circuit:

Voltage Sampling

PH_A_After_Divider
3V3A_KM
TP4 TP5 VBIAS

DNP DNP

D6 R10
GND 2 1K
R13
PH_A_Before_Divider R11 R12 3
{3} ADC0_SE0
220K 100K
TP7 TP6 R14 DNP R15 R16 DNP 1 R17
1K 47.0 C43
220K 100K 100K
DNP DNP BAV99LT1 DNP 0.01uF
DNP DNP DNP

R20 GND GND GND

GND 100K
DNP
PH_B_After_Divider

3V3A_KM
TP10 TP11
VBIAS
DNP DNP

D7 R24
GND 2 1K
R27 R28
PH_B_Before_Divider R26 3
{3} ADC0_SE1
220K
TP15 TP14 R29 DNP R30 R31 1 R32
100K DNP 1K 47.0 C47
220K 100K 100K
DNP DNP DNP BAV99LT1 0.01uF
DNP DNP DNP
R35
GND GND GND
GND
100K PH_C_After_Divider
DNP

3V3A_KM
TP16 TP17
VBIAS
DNP DNP

D8 R38
GND 2 1K
R41 R42
PH_C_Before_Divider R40 3
{3} ADC0_SE2
220K
TP20 TP21 R44 DNP R45 R46 1 R47
100K 1K 47.0 C51
220K 100K 100K
DNP DNP DNP BAV99LT1 DNP 0.01uF
DNP DNP DNP
R48
GND GND GND
GND
100K
DNP

Figure 9. Voltage sampling circuit

4.5. Current sampling

Current sampling is performed by an AFE 24-bit ΣΔ ADC module. The load current passes through the
primary side of the CT (with 5/100 A current, 0.05% accuracy, and 2500 ratio). The secondary side
current flows through the 3.9 R shunt resistor to generate a differential voltage to the ΣΔ ADC.
For some pads the voltage sampling function is multiplexed with the ACMP input, which means the
frequency can be monitored by an ACMP module while the ADC module is sampling the voltage. The
ACMP module has two inputs, the first input is the AC voltage after resistor divider and adding the
offset. The second input is the ACMP input that is 0.6 V offset.

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Three-phase power meter demo board

The following figure illustrates the current sampling circuit:

Current Sampling

INPUT A CURRENT + TP3 IA_IN+ R8 {3} AFE_SDADP0

DNP 22
R9
4.7 C42
0.047UF

R18 GND GND

4.7
C44 HDR_1X1
0.047UF J5 DNP
INPUT A CURRENT - TP8 IA_IN- R19 {3} AFE_SDADM0
DNP 22

1
INPUT B CURRENT + TP9 IB_IN+ R21 {3} AFE_SDADP1
DNP 22 GND
R22
4.7 C45
0.047UF

R23 GND GND

4.7
C46
0.047UF
INPUT B CURRENT - TP12 IB_IN- R25 {3} AFE_SDADM1
DNP 22

INPUT C CURRENT + TP13 IC_IN+ R33 {3} AFE_SDADP2

DNP 22
R34
4.7 C48
0.047UF

R36 GND GND

4.7
C49
0.047UF
INPUT C CURRENT - TP18 IC_IN- R37 {3} AFE_SDADM2
DNP 22

INPUT N CURRENT + TP19 IN_IN+ R39 {3} AFE_SDADP3

DNP 22
R43
4.7 C50
0.047UF

R49 GND GND

4.7
C52
0.047UF
INPUT N CURRENT - TP22 IN_IN- R50 {3} AFE_SDADM3
DNP 22

Figure 10. Current sampling circuit

4.6. External memory

The system uses a 512 KB EEPROM (as shown in Figure 12) which is based on an I2C port and 64 MB
SPI flash memory (as shown in Figure 11) for memory extension.
The choice of memory type and memory size are application-dependent. This memory is reserved for
customer application usage. Only low-level read/write logic is implemented in the software.

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 Three-phase power meter demo board

64Mb SPI Flash

3V3D_KM

R120 3V3D_KM
10.0K U9
R154 1 8
SPI1_PCS0 {3} CS VCC
1K
R155 2 7 R123
SPI1_MISO {3} SO/SIO1 HOLD
1K 10.0K
3V3D_KM R124 3 6 R153
WP SCLK {3} SPI1_SCK
R159 10.0K 1K C81 C82
10.0K 4 5 R152 1uF 0.1 UF
GND SI/SIO0 {3} SPI1_MOSI
DNP 1K
MX25L6406EM2I-12G

GND GND

Figure 11. External SPI based flash

512Kb EEPROM I2C Slave Address 0x00

U10 3V3D_KM

1 8
2 A0 VCC
3 A1 5
{3,5}
A2 SDA I2C1_SDA
C87 C90
6 1uF 0.1 UF
I2C1_SCL 7 SCL{3,5}
WP
4
VSS

24LC512
GND GND

Figure 12. External I2C based EEPROM

4.7. Tamper protection

Tamper protection has three features. The tamper detection pin monitors whether the casing is open. The
magnetic sensor detects activity.
In voltage missing mode the system enters into low-power mode, periodically sampling the current to
prevent tampering.

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Three-phase power meter demo board

The following figure shows the tamper detection circuit:

Tamper Detection

3V3D_KM

R113 C70
10.0K 0.1 UF
D2F-01FL
2 GND
1
TAMPER0 {3} 3

SW1 R116
C72 10.0K
0.1 UF

GND GND

Figure 13. Tamper input circuit

Maganetic Field Tamper Detection I2C Slave Address 0x0E

3V3D_KM

U8
2

8
VDDIO
VDD

1 7
4 CAP_A SCL 6{3,5} I2C1_SCL
CAP_R SDA {3,5} I2C1_SDA
3 9
NC INT1 {3} PTB4
GND1

GND2

C73 C74 C75 C76 C77

1uF 0.1 UF 0.1 UF 0.1 UF 0.1 UF
5

10

MAG3110

GND GND GND GND GND GND

Figure 14. Magnetic Sensor

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 Three-phase power meter demo board

4.8. Pulse output

The power meter has an isolated electrical output and a light pulse output for accuracy testing and
calibration, RTC testing and calibration and status indication.
Pulse Output

3V3D_KM 3V3D_KM 3V3D_KM

R54 330 R55 330 R56 330

A
C53 D9 C54 D10 C55 D11
0.1 UF kWh_LED LED RED 0.1 UF kVArh_LED LED RED 0.1 UF MFUNC_LED MV5353

GND GND GND

3 C

3 C

3 C
R76 10.0K 1 R78 10.0K{3} 1 R79 10.0K{3} 1
PTB2 {3} PTB3 PTC3
Q1 Q2 Q3
R83 BC817-40LT1G R87 BC817-40LT1G R84 BC817-40LT1G
2

2
47.0K 47.0K 47.0K

GND GND GND

3V3D_KM
R100 TP23
470 U5 WAR+_KL OUTPUT PORT 19
C56 C57 1 4
0.1 UF 10UF C58 C59 DNP
0.1 UF 2 3 0.1 UF
R101 WAR-_KL
PTD3 {3}
DGND 0 PS2501-1
DNP C60
0.1 UF

GND
3V3D_KM
R104 TP24
470 U6 VAR+_KL OUTPUT PORT 20
1 4
C62 C63 DNP
0.1 UF 2 3 0.1 UF TP25
R105 {3}
VAR-_KL OUTPUT PORT 21
PTD2
0 PS2501-1
DNP C64 DNP
0.1 UF

GND
3V3D_KM
R108 TP26
470 U7 MFUN+_KL OUTPUT PORT 22
1 4
C65 C66 DNP
0.1 UF 2 3 0.1 UF TP27
R109 {3}
MFUN-_KL OUTPUT PORT 23
PTF0
0 PS2501-1
DNP C67 DNP
0.1 UF

GND

Figure 15. Pulse output circui

4.9. RS485 interface

The power meter system has one isolated RS485 port. This port is in half-duplex mode and has multiple
purposes, for instance meter calibration and for billing purposes.

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Three-phase power meter demo board

RS485 Communication

TP33
RS485_5V RS485 5V INPUT PAD
DNP

C97 + C98 TP34

TVS4
0.1 UF 100uF RS485 GND INPUT PAD
3V3D_KM 2 1 RS485_5V DNP

R137 DNP
1.0K U12DGND RS485_5V GND_RS485
C102 R138{3} 4 1 R139
1uF UART0_RX 0 330
C104 3 2
GND 100PF TP37 OUTPUT PORT 28 B2
PS2501-1 U14 C105 C106
GND GND RS485_5V 1 8 0.1 UF 1uF DNP

2
RO VCC
3V3D_KM 2 R 7 TVS5
U15 R140 RE B/Z R141 SA12CA
R142 1 4 1.0K 3 6 DNP 120 TP39 OUTPUT PORT 27 A2
330 DE A/Y
R143{3} 2 3 4 D 5 RT2 DNP
PTE0

1
0 DI GND

t
DNP C107 PS2501-1 ISL3152EIBZ 30 OHM
0.1 UF GND_RS485
GND_RS485
GND RS485_5V
3V3D_KM
U16 R145
R144 1 4 1.0K
330
R146 2 3
UART0_TX {3}
0
C110 PS2501-1
100PF GND_RS485

GND

Figure 16. Isolated RS485 circuit

4.10. LCD display and backlight

The power meter system has the Chinese standard eight 32-segment LCD modules which display all of
the metering information.
The LCD module has two 15 mA diodes as backlights. The system can switch these on or off according
to the application.

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 Three-phase power meter demo board

Segment LCD & Backlight

DS1
R51 10.0K LCD_P29_R 1 40 LCD_P50_R R53
LCD_P29 {3} 2 SEG1 COM8 39 {3}10.0K LCD_P50
R57 10.0K LCD_P28_R LCD_P31_R R58
LCD_P28 {3} 3 SEG2 COM7 38 {3}10.0K LCD_P31
R59 10.0K LCD_P26_R LCD_P27_R R60
LCD_P26 {3} 4 SEG3 COM6 37 {3}10.0K LCD_P27
R52 10.0K LCD_P24_R LCD_P25_R R61
LCD_P24 {3} 5 SEG4 COM5 36 {3}10.0K LCD_P25
R62 10.0K LCD_P45_R LCD_P23_R R63
LCD_P45 {3} 6 SEG5 COM4 35 {3}10.0K LCD_P23
R64 10.0K LCD_P59_R LCD_P44_R R65
LCD_P59 {3} 7 SEG6 COM3 34 {3}10.0K LCD_P44
R66 10.0K LCD_P57_R LCD_P58_R R67
LCD_P57 {3} 8 SEG7 COM2 33 {3}10.0K LCD_P58
R68 10.0K LCD_P22_R LCD_P56_R R69
LCD_P22 {3} 9 SEG8 COM1 32 {3}10.0K LCD_P56
R70 10.0K LCD_P55_R LCD_P21_R R71
LCD_P55 {3} 10 SEG9 SEG32 31 {3}10.0K LCD_P21
R72 10.0K LCD_P54_R LCD_P19_R R73
LCD_P54 {3} 11 SEG10 SEG31 30 {3}10.0K LCD_P19
R74 10.0K LCD_P20_R LCD_P17_R R75
LCD_P20 {3} 12 SEG11 SEG30 29 {3}10.0K LCD_P17
R80 10.0K LCD_P18_R LCD_P15_R R77
LCD_P18 {3} 13 SEG12 SEG29 28 {3}10.0K LCD_P15
R81 10.0K LCD_P16_R LCD_P13_R R82
LCD_P16 {3} 14 SEG13 SEG28 27 {3}10.0K LCD_P13
R85 10.0K LCD_P14_R LCD_P11_R R86
LCD_P14 {3} 15 SEG14 SEG27 26 {3}10.0K LCD_P11
R88 10.0K LCD_P12_R LCD_P9_R R89
LCD_P12 {3} 16 SEG15 SEG26 25 {3}10.0K LCD_P9
R90 10.0K LCD_P10_R LCD_P7_R R91
LCD_P10 {3} 17 SEG16 SEG25 24 {3}10.0K LCD_P7
R92 10.0K LCD_P8_R LCD_P52_R R93
LCD_P8 {3} 18 SEG17 SEG24 23 {3}10.0K LCD_P52
R94 10.0K LCD_P53_R LCD_P5_R R95
LCD_P53 {3} 19 SEG18 SEG23 22 {3}10.0K LCD_P5
R96 10.0K LCD_P6_R LCD_P3_R R97
LCD_P6 {3} 20 SEG19 SEG22 21 {3}10.0K LCD_P3
R98 10.0K LCD_P4_R LCD_P2_R R99
LCD_P4 {3} SEG20 SEG21 {3}10.0K LCD_P2
JY 09397F

C114 100PF C124 100PF C134 100PF C144 100PF

LCD_P29_R LCD_P20_R LCD_P2_R LCD_P19_R

C115 100PF C125 100PF C135 100PF C145 100PF

LCD_P28_R LCD_P18_R LCD_P3_R LCD_P21_R

C116 100PF C126 100PF C136 100PF C146 100PF

LCD_P26_R LCD_P16_R LCD_P5_R LCD_P56_R

C117 100PF C127 100PF C137 100PF C147 100PF

LCD_P24_R LCD_P14_R LCD_P52_R LCD_P58_R

C118 100PF C128 100PF C138 100PF C148 100PF

LCD_P45_R LCD_P12_R LCD_P7_R LCD_P44_R

C119 100PF C130 100PF C140 100PF C151 100PF

LCD_P59_R LCD_P10_R LCD_P9_R LCD_P23_R

C120 100PF C129 100PF C139 100PF C149 100PF

LCD_P57_R LCD_P8_R LCD_P11_R LCD_P25_R

C121 100PF C131 100PF C141 100PF C150 100PF

LCD_P22_R LCD_P53_R LCD_P13_R LCD_P27_R

C122 100PF C132 100PF C142 100PF C152 100PF

LCD_P55_R LCD_P6_R LCD_P15_R LCD_P31_R

C123 100PF C133 100PF C143 100PF C153 100PF

LCD_P54_R LCD_P4_R LCD_P17_R LCD_P50_R

GND GND GND GND

TP44 +5V_BL Control current=(5-3)V/68R=30mA
BACKLIGHT 5V VOLTAGE INPUT PAD
R102 R103
2

0 68 C02W9652NG-P14.5
TVS3 A1
TP45 C112 LXES15AAA1-117
10UF DNP
K1
1

A2
GND
GND
R106
3

1 K2
PTB1 {3}
Q4 D12
R107 BC817-40LT1G
2

4.7K
47.0K

GND

Figure 17. LCD display

4.11. Jumper table

Table 1. System jumper table option
Jumper Option Setting Description
J3 System 3.3V power supply 1-2 System power supply on
J4 External VREF power supply off Internal VREF is used by default

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Revision history

5. Summary
This document describes the hardware design features of the three-phase power meter demo boards. For
technical details about the board design and solution implementation see the Kinetis M Series MCUs
documentation section of freescale.com.

6. References
1. Kinetis Series MCUs Taxonomy Page
(http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/taxonomy.jsp?code=KINETIS_M_SERIES&cof=0&a
m=0)
2. Kinetis Series MCUs Product Summary Page
(http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=KM3x)

7. Revision history
Table 2. Revision history

Revision number Date Substantial changes

Rev.0 06/2015 Initial release

Rev.1 09/2015 Modifications to Figure 7, Figure 11, Figure 17, and Table 1

KM3x_256 Based Three-Phase Power Meter Hardware Design Reference Manual, Rev. 1, 09/2015
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© 2015 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

Document Number: DRM164

Rev. 1
09/2015