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Variation of Pressure

1. The mass of the Earth's atmosphere is estimated to be 5.14 x 1018 kg. 2. Water can be raised to a maximum height of 10.30 m in the pipe, while mercury would only reach 0.76 m high due to its higher density. 3. The estimated pressure at the bottom of the ocean on the hypothetical planet is 1.35 x 107 Pa.

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69 views3 pages

Variation of Pressure

1. The mass of the Earth's atmosphere is estimated to be 5.14 x 1018 kg. 2. Water can be raised to a maximum height of 10.30 m in the pipe, while mercury would only reach 0.76 m high due to its higher density. 3. The estimated pressure at the bottom of the ocean on the hypothetical planet is 1.35 x 107 Pa.

Uploaded by

Aarush Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Variation of Pressure (Static Fluid Basic)

Q. 1. We know that the atmospheric pressure on the surface of the earth is because of weight of the air. The
radius of the earth is 6400 km and atmospheric pressure on the surface of earth is 1 × 10 5 N/m2. Estimate the
mass of the earth’s atmosphere assuming that acceleration due to gravity remains constant at 10 m/s 2 over the
entire height of the atmosphere.

Q.2. A tightly fitted piston can slide along the inner wall of a long cylindrical pipe. With the piston at the
lower end of the pipe, the lower end of the pipe is dipped into a large tank, filled with water. Now the piston
is pulled up with the help of the rod attached to it. Water rises in the pipe along with the piston. Why? To what
maximum height water can be raised in the pipe using this method? What will be the answer to your question
if water is replaced with mercury? Atmospheric pressure is P atm = 1.01 × 105 Pa.

Q.3. A hypothetical planet has an ocean of water which is 50 km deep. The top 5 km is frozen as ice (i.e, 45
km is water). Radius and average density of the planet are both half the respective values for the earth. There
is no atmosphere. Obtain an estimate of the pressure at the bottom of the ocean.

Q.4 A lake filled with water has depth H. A pipe of length slightly less than H lies at the bottom of the lake.
It contains an ideal gas filled up to a length of H/10. A smooth light movable piston keeps the gas in place.
Now the pipe is slowly raised to vertical position (see figure). Assume that temperature of the gas remains
Constant and neglect the atmospheric pressure.

(a) Plot the variation of pressure inside the lake as a function of height y from the base. Let
the height of piston from the base, after the pipe is made vertical, be y. Plot the variation
of gas pressure as a function of y in the first graph itself.
(b) In equilibrium the gas pressure and the pressure due to water on the piston must be equal. Using this solve
for equilibrium height y0 of the piston. You get two answers. Which one is correct and why?

Q.5. Long back our Earth was made of molten material. Assume it to be a uniform sphere of radius R having
density d. Take acceleration due to gravity at the surface to be g and calculate the gauge pressure (P0) at the
centre of this fluid Earth. Calculate P0 for following data: R = 6000 km; d = 5500 kg m–3 and g = 10 ms–2.
Q.6. The density of air in atmosphere decreases with height and can be expressed by the relation:
𝜌 = 𝜌0 ⅇ −𝐴ℎ
where 𝜌0 is the density at sea-level, A is a constant and h is the height. Calculate the atmospheric pressure at
sea-level. Assume g is constant. (g = 9.8 m/s2, 0 = 1.3 kg/m3 and A = 1.2 x 10-4 m-1)

Measurement of Pressure
Q. 7. Why mercury is used in a barometer, though it is costly? Why cannot we use water in place of mercury.

Q.8. Look at the barometer shown in the figure. If a small hole is developed in the wall of the tube at point A,
will the mercury leak out of it?

Q.9. A monometer has mercury and water filled in it as shown in the figure. A scale is marked on the right
tube which has a cross sectional area of A2. The other tube has a cross sectional area of A1. When pressures
P1 and P2 at both ends of the manometer is same, the level of water in the right side is at the zero of the scale.
When the applied pressure P1 is changed by P0 , the level of water surface changes by h. The quantity
h/P0 can be defined as pressure sensitivity (s) of the manometer. Calculate the pressure sensitivity of the
given manometer. Density of water and mercury is w and Hg respectively.

Q.10. A manometer has a vertical arm of cross-sectional area 9A and an inclined arm having area of cross
section A. The density of the manometer liquid has a specific gravity of 0.74. The scale attached to the
inclined arm can read up to ± 0.5 mm. It is desired that the manometer shall record pressure difference (P 1 –
P2) up to an accuracy of ± 0.09 mm of water. To achieve this, what should be the inclination angle  of the
inclined arm.
ANSWER KEY
1. 5.14 x 1018 kg
2. 10.30 m, 0.76 m
3. P = 1.35 x 107 Pa

H 15
4. (a) (b) y = − H
2 10

1
5. P0 = g.d.R = 1.651011 Pa
2
6. 1.06 x 105 N/m2
7. Because Hg has high density. A water barometer will have a large height.
8. No

1
9. s=
 A2 
1 +  Hg .g
 A1 

10.  = sin-1 (0.13)

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