This document provides information about tests for anions and cations in aqueous solutions. It lists various anions and cations and the observations or chemical reactions that can be used to identify each one, such as formation of precipitates, production of gases, or changes in color.
This document provides information about tests for anions and cations in aqueous solutions. It lists various anions and cations and the observations or chemical reactions that can be used to identify each one, such as formation of precipitates, production of gases, or changes in color.
This document provides information about tests for anions and cations in aqueous solutions. It lists various anions and cations and the observations or chemical reactions that can be used to identify each one, such as formation of precipitates, production of gases, or changes in color.
This document provides information about tests for anions and cations in aqueous solutions. It lists various anions and cations and the observations or chemical reactions that can be used to identify each one, such as formation of precipitates, production of gases, or changes in color.
chloride (Cl –) acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add white ppt. [in solution] aqueous silver nitrate
bromide (Br –) acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add cream ppt. [in solution] aqueous silver nitrate
iodide (I–) acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add yellow ppt. [in solution] aqueous silver nitrate
nitrate (NO3–) add aqueous sodium hydroxide, then ammonia produced
[in solution] aluminium foil; warm carefully
sulfate (SO42–) acidify, then add aqueous white ppt.
[in solution] barium nitrate
sulfite (SO32–) add dilute hydrochloric acid, warm sulfur dioxide produced gently and test for the presence of will turn acidified aqueous sulfur dioxide potassium manganate(VII) from purple to colourless
Tests for aqueous cations
cation effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide effect of aqueous ammonia
aluminium (Al 3+) white ppt., soluble in excess, giving a white ppt., insoluble in excess colourless solution
ammonium (NH4+) ammonia produced on warming –
calcium (Ca2+) white ppt., insoluble in excess no ppt., or very slight white ppt.
chromium(III) (Cr3+) green ppt., soluble in excess grey-green ppt., insoluble in excess
copper(II) (Cu2+) light blue ppt., insoluble in excess light blue ppt., soluble in excess, giving a dark blue solution
iron(II) (Fe2+) green ppt., insoluble in excess green ppt., insoluble in excess
iron(III) (Fe3+) red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess
zinc (Zn2+) white ppt., soluble in excess, giving a white ppt., soluble in excess, giving a colourless solution colourless solution
chlorine (Cl 2) bleaches damp litmus paper potassium (K+) lilac
hydrogen (H2) ‘pops’ with a lighted splint copper(II) (Cu2+) blue-green
oxygen (O2) relights a glowing splint
sulfur dioxide (SO2) turns acidified aqueous
potassium manganate(VII) from purple to colourless
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