Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Living through the post COVID-19 era comes with a prediction that both planned and

teenage pregnancies quantity through statistics will slowly rise again. Heavy workloads from the

overwhelming tasks in our daily living, stress and anxiety could easily take over any individual.

Hence, it is safe to say that pregnant individuals are easily more vulnerable to prolonging side

effects of having to handle safe pregnancy. It is related to low childbirth self-efficacy, greater use

of pain medication during labor, more unwanted obstetric interventions in labor, as well as

increased risk of postpartum depression. According to Statista and UNICEF, infant mortality rate

in the Philippines remains up to twenty-one (21) to twenty-six (26) deaths per one thousand

(1,000) births. Additionally, a study by OCHA (2020), shows that already before COVID-19,

two thousand and six hundred (2,600) women dying every year due to complications from

pregnancy or childbirth and the maternal mortality cases in 2020 can increase to up to 670

additional deaths. According to DOH, one way to battle these complications is through lying-in

clinics, especially to people that live far away from a hospital. A lying-in clinic is a primary level

medical institution for low-risk mothers who have regular pregnancies, deliveries, and

postpartum conditions. (Doron, 2017). Additionally, women who are low-risk for pregnancy or

who choose a normal delivery can just give birth at these facilities. Giving birth in a lying-in

clinic offers various benefits compared to giving birth in a hospital such as Homey Environment

encourages mental wellness and preparedness, utmost priority for patient’s privacy, cost-efficient

& faster recovery, overall budget fees for services etc. However, according to a separate study

by Paul Francis Uy and Lisa Hedges from 2020-2021, In a random sampling of 1,000 medical

providers, 44% said they still use paper charts and records. Additionally, most of the lying-in
clinics still use a traditional way of storing their data, manually handling customer appointments

through chatting with clients, and they don't have any sort of security or a way to retrieve their

records if ever unpleasant accidents occur. Thus, the researchers aim for this study is to develop

a web and mobile system or application for our client, The Queen’s Clinic, that would allow their

doctors, nurses, registered staff, or other personnel as an admin/manager of the system that lets

them conveniently safely import patient records into a system database instead of manually

compiling documents at their office. Additionally, they also need a booking system for the

customers/patients to use that automatically sets the specified date and allocated time for every

successful appointment made. With their growing demographics by reason of their success in

popularity from their quality of service, our system’s implementation would drastically show

improvements with regards to their overall customer ministrations.

1.1. Purpose and Description

A birthing house is a place that offers childbirth services such as typical spontaneous

deliveries, prenatal and postnatal care, and infant care. According to Section 3 of Administrative

Order No. 2008-0029, "every birth delivery shall be done by experienced birth attendants." A

doctor, obstetrician, gynecologist, pediatrician, family medicine specialist, general practitioner,

midwife, and/or nurse may therefore staff it.

Dr. Janairo added, "We can reduce maternal mortality and secure baby delivery not just

in metropolitan regions but also in rural areas by ensuring that all birthing homes are officially

licensed. Having a baby at a cheap price is necessary today. In addition to hospitals, one can use

lying-in clinic services to cut costs. It is vital to learn more information about a clinic's amenities
and offerings if you're seeking an inexpensive clinic. The number of hospitals and clinics for

childbirth is staggering. It is preferable to contact a location close to you to make an inquiry for

your convenience. You can cut down on travel time by giving birth at nearby clinics.

Different clinics have more modern equipment than others. Ask the staff whether they

have any ICU, NICU, or incubator services available if you require them. Always discuss your

alternatives with your doctor if your pregnancy is delicate and important.Health cards are

accepted by many clinics as part of their patient services. You can find out if a certain clinic in

your region honors your account by asking them. On the other hand, if the charges are reasonable

and modest, you may also pay in cash.

The majority of the time, lying in centers charge less for their services. People who have

low-risk pregnancies or want routine deliveries can easily give birth at these facilities. Hospitals,

on the other hand, might cost more because they offer a different range of amenities and services.

After giving delivery, some people might need to stay at a clinic for more than a day. It is crucial

for doctors to keep an eye on the patient's condition. The price of the service could increase the

overall cost of giving birth. Philhealth may grant accreditation for lying in clinics. This indicates

that you may utilize your account to benefit from the savings and insurance associated with

childbirth. Find out if the nearby facility will accept Philhealth when you use their services by

contacting them.
Our client, The queens birthing home is a lying-in clinic, a primary level health care facility

providing excellent health care for your OBGYN, Pedia and Surgery needs, as for their

marketing or social media presence, They're still using traditional methods of storing data,

chatting with clients and manually handling client appointments, and no security or way to

retrieve records in the event of unexpected incidents.

1.2. Project Context

The fact that technology now significantly supports what people do on a daily basis is

apparent. If properly applied, it has the potential to improve a company's functionality rather than

just shorten operations. One of these is a booking system, which is useful for a variety of

enterprises, including fitness gyms, clinics, and etc. Even today, particularly for really tiny

enterprises, a traditional booking system might be used to allocate resources on a start-up for the

time being. Although these kinds of solutions can be very helpful as a business grows. Thanks to

automated technology, tasks now; take less time and effort to accomplish and there are less

human errors. This project aims to provide an Electronic Health Record and Booking System.
1.3. General Objectives

To develop A Web & Mobile-Based Electronic Health Record and Booking System for

The Queen's Birthing Home’s Clinic wherein health records and booking processes will be

entirely converted into digital and will be fully automated.

Specific Objectives
Specifically, this research aims to fulfill the following:

1. To design a web-based information management system that will keep track and
update the patient’s records.

2. To create a web-based appointment management system that automates records

and arithmetic processes.

3. To construct improvement in data management and avoid duplication and loss of

information

4. To construct a user-friendly web-based system that bridges the system to other

social media webpages.

5. To evaluate the data quality of the developed system.

1.4. Scope and Limitations

This study shall focus on the development of a web system and mobile application that

will provide overall technical ease for the client’s (The Queen’s Birthing Homes) goal of further

furnishing their quality of obstetrics and gynecology services. The study shall discuss and

analyze the client’s problem, which is specifically having difficulty keeping track and safety of

their record system and going through unnecessary hassles from overlapping booking schedules.

Anything that is deemed unnecessary and not beneficial to the client shall not be included in the

study. The study is limited to the approved staff/personnel of the clinic.

 The developers aim to fully automate and improve the health record and booking

processing of The Queen’s lying-in clinic using the system that will be built by the developers.

The system will consist of various modules that will improve the user experience. The system

will have a user management module where it can be accessed by four types of users including

the administrator, doctor, nurse, and client. The administrator will have access to the database

record and the whole system. The doctor and nurse will only have access to some modules of the

system such as patient information, schedule, patient prescription, and others.

There will be two types of clients - online and walk-in. Online clients can only access the

modules available in the clinic’s system platform such as online consultation, booking, personal

health record, and others. While walk-in clients may also create an account to book future

consultations, consultation history, health record monitoring.

All users are required to register, while doctors’ and nurses’ accounts will be managed by

the administrator. The users are required to fill up necessary information that will be used to log

in to the system. Users will receive an email confirmation to confirm their form submission and

they will redirect to the log-in page. This will apply to the clinic’s website and booking system.

The clinic’s website will have the following features: Browse faqs, consultation catalog, and

booking. The FAQs will be used to answer the most common questions, these can be once a user

is registered. Consultation catalog is where the user can browse available consultations offered

by the clinic. The booking process will include consultation categories that a client can choose

and also all doctors that are available in given time. The booking system will be also used to

make an automated schedule and notification for doctors.

 The mobile application will have a booking system as well. With a registered account, a client

can view their consultation history and health record through the mobile application. The

electronic health record system will be used by nurses, doctors and mostly administrators. This is

where the patient’s health record and information will be monitored and managed. These records

include data such as laboratory results and summary of care and patient-generated data such as

symptoms. These will also be used to identify a patient’s record history and their previous

assigned doctor. The doctors will then be able to prescribe prescriptions to the patients. All

documents and information can be converted to PDF within the system so it will be available to

print. The development of the system will be web-based therefore internet connection will be

required for the system to function. As all of these are based on the suggestions of the client with

the help of the researchers thus, they can optimize the system.

The system will have limitations. The electronic health record will not include external

results such as X-ray, CT scan etc. The documents and information will be stored in a server,

however its storage capacity will be also limited.

1.5. Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

● System Features
- Digital Documentation - Requirements gathering ● A Web & Mobile-Based
- Web and Mobile Booking and planning. Electronic Health Record and
system - Front-end and Back-end Booking System for The
-Web-based Electronic system design creation. Queen's Birthing Home’s
Health Record system - Program implementation Clinic.
- Database of Front-end and Back-
● Software Requirements end systems.
-HTML/CSS - Regression testing and
-PHP security testing.
-FLUTTER - System deployment on
● Hardware Requirements cloud server.
-PC/Laptop/MAC - Review reports and
-Mobile system maintenance.

In this study, our conceptual framework is grounded in three key phases: Input, Process,
and Output. The framework's input phase, which includes a database, web and mobile
applications, an electronic health record system, and digital documentation, serves as its
cornerstone. These inputs can be accessible by a variety of devices, including PCs, laptops, and
MACs, and they are essential building blocks for the system that the researchers want to develop.

The Process phase is where a functioning system is created from the inputs, it consists of
a number of steps, such as requirements gathering and planning, front-end and back-end system
design creation, front-end and back-end system implementation, regression testing, security
testing, system deployment on a cloud server, review reports, and system maintenance. These
procedures are essential for making sure the system is stable, dependable, and secure. These
procedures are also essential for guaranteeing that the system is developed and put into use in
accordance with the specifications and that it is designed in a way that is user-friendly, simple to
use, and accessible from a variety of devices.

This phase includes several steps, including requirements gathering and planning, front-
end and back-end system design creation, front-end and back-end system implementation,
regression testing, security testing, system deployment on a cloud server, report review, and
system maintenance. These procedures are necessary to guarantee the stability, dependability,
and security of the system. These steps are necessary to ensure that the system is created and
implemented in accordance with the requirements and that it is user-friendly, straightforward to
use, and accessible from a variety of devices.
1.6. Definition of Terms

Maternal Mortality - defined as the death of the mother during pregnancy or within 42

days of the birth) is 100 times greater than in high-income countries (NCBI, 2013).

Obstetrics - A branch of medicine that specializes in the care of women during pregnancy and

childbirth and in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive organs

(National Cancer Institute, 2022).

OBGYN - An OB-GYN, or obstetrician-gynecologist, is a doctor who specializes in

women’s health. The female body experiences many different biological functions, including

menstruation, childbirth, and menopause (Legg, 2016).

Prenatal Care - Prenatal care is the regular health care women should receive from an

obstetrician or midwife during pregnancy. Prenatal development is the growth of a single-celled

zygote formed by the combination of a sperm and an egg into a baby (Stöppler, 2021)

Postnatal Care - is the care given to the mother and her newborn baby immediately after

the birth and for the first six weeks of life (Postnatal Care at the Health Post and in the

Community, 2022).

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Lying In Clinics List: Price Rates and Services

https://medicalpinas.com/lying-in-clinics-list-price-rates-and-services/