Sinkron : Jurnal dan Penelitian Teknik Informatika

Volume 8, Number 2, April 2023 e-ISSN : 2541-2019

DOI : https://doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v8i2.12302 p-ISSN : 2541-044X

Application of Enterprise Architecture in

Digital Transformation of Insurance
Companies
Khairul Thamrin Prawira1), Djarot Hindarto2)*, Eko Indrajit3)
1,3)
Magister Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Pradita, Serpong, Banten
2)
Fakultas Teknologi Komunikasi dan Informasi, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta
1)
[email protected], 2)[email protected].
3)
[email protected]

Submitted : Mar 31, 2023 | Accepted : Apr 1, 2023 | Published : Apr 1, 2023

Abstract: Implementation of enterprise architecture is a major requirement

for companies that want to develop business processes according to their
needs. Business architecture is the company's initial plan to support the
company's operations. An insurance company is a company that provides
insurance services. Insurance is a form of contract in which the guaranteed
party pays a premium to the insurance company. Insurance companies
provide payment guarantees in the event of certain risks that are guaranteed
in the insurance contract. Therefore, this company must think about
operational forms to provide the best service for its customers. Structuring
business processes starting from the sales process, administrative processes,
claims processes, to financial processes which are the most vital processes.
Insurance companies are different from other financial services companies,
such as banking companies, fintech companies and others. The insurance
company's unique process is to provide guarantees to its customers in
carrying out risk protection. Before starting to implement enterprise
architecture, the company already has a business architecture blueprint which
is the enterprise architecture of a company. The design begins with running
architectural business processes, architectural applications, architectural
databases and architectural technology. Enterprise architecture
implementation certainly cannot be separated from project management.
Because project management is a process that manages the project so that the
project becomes more organized in its implementation.

Keywords: Application Architecture, Business Architecture, Enterprise

Architecture, Insurance Service, TOGAF Framework.

INTRODUCTION
An insurance company is a business entity that provides insurance services. The goal of insurance
companies is to provide financial protection for their customers from unexpected and unwanted risks.
In an insurance contract, the customer pays a premium to the insurance company, and in exchange, the
insurance company guarantees payment in the event of certain risks guaranteed in the insurance contract.
Insurance companies have many different types of insurance products, including life insurance, health
insurance, auto insurance, property insurance, and many more. Each type of insurance product is
designed to provide specific protection against certain risks. For example, life insurance provides a death
benefit to heirs in the event of a policyholder's death, while auto insurance provides a benefit to pay for
the cost of repairing the vehicle in the event of an accident or breakdown. Insurance companies also
earn income through investment from premiums paid by their customers. The revenue is then used to

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pay claims filed by their customers. Therefore, insurance companies need to have good risk management
and smart investment strategies to ensure their business continuity. Because insurance companies
provide an important service to society, they are usually regulated by a government regulatory agency.
These regulations aim to ensure that insurance companies (Ecer & Pamucar, 2021), (Zhao et al., 2021)
meet appropriate financial and business ethical standards and provide adequate protection for their
customers.
The service of an insurance company is to provide financial protection for their customers from
unexpected and unwanted risks. This service is provided in the form of different insurance products,
such as:
1. Life insurance: provides a death benefit to heirs if the policyholder dies during the insurance
coverage period. Some life insurance products can also provide benefits such as health
insurance, disability insurance, and investment benefits.
2. Health insurance: guarantees payment of health care costs, including hospitalization costs,
operating costs, and drug costs. Some health insurance products can also provide benefits for
routine health checks or dental care.
3. Vehicle insurance: guarantees payment of vehicle repair costs in case of accident or damage.
Some vehicle insurance products can also provide benefits such as third-party liability
insurance or driver accident insurance.
4. Property insurance: guarantees payment of the cost of repairing or replacing property damaged
or lost due to certain risks, such as fire, flood or theft.
In addition to insurance products, insurance companies can also provide other services, such as risk
management consulting, risk assessment, or claim settlement services. Some insurance companies also
provide special insurance products for businesses, such as professional liability insurance or work
accident insurance. It is important to remember that the insurance products offered by insurance
companies may vary depending on country and local regulations. Always make sure to carefully read
the terms and conditions of an insurance product before deciding to buy it.
Enterprise Architecture design using the Framework is an approach that is commonly used in the
development and management of enterprise architecture. An EA Framework is a guide or framework
used to assist with the development and management of an Enterprise Architecture, and assists
organizations in understanding and managing their business requirements. TOGAF (The Open Group
Architecture Framework) is an enterprise architecture framework that is used to develop and manage a
structured and well-integrated enterprise architecture. TOGAF was first introduced by The Open Group
in 1995 and since then has become the de facto standard in enterprise architecture. TOGAF includes
several main sections, including:
1. Architecture Development Method (Schäffer et al., 2021) (ADM): ADM is a method used to
develop an enterprise architecture from start to finish. ADM includes eight phases, namely,
preliminary, vision, business, information systems/technology, data, application, technology,
and implementation.
2. Architecture Content Framework: This framework maps out all the enterprise architecture
elements that must be considered in developing a comprehensive and integrated enterprise
architecture.
3. Architecture Capability Framework: This framework maps out the organizational capabilities
required to develop and manage the enterprise architecture effectively and efficiently.
4. Reference Models: Reference models provide guidelines and frameworks for developing
enterprise architectures that are specific to a particular industry or business domain.
5. Architecture Governance Framework: This framework provides guidelines and principles to
ensure that the enterprise architecture is developed and implemented according to the
organization's strategy and business objectives.
TOGAF is used by organizations to help develop a comprehensive, integrated and flexible enterprise
architecture. By using TOGAF, organizations can ensure that their systems and applications are well
structured and well-integrated, and that strategic decision making in terms of enterprise architecture is
based on the best principles in the industry.
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This research has explained about enterprise architecture, explained about insurance companies.
This raises the following research questions:
1. How to implement enterprise architecture in the insurance business? (RQ 1)
2. Is there a method for implementing enterprise architecture and what is the process? (RQ2)
The use of enterprise architecture framework has become a common thing; therefore, this research will
be different from previous studies. The author tries to make a difference in this research where in the
Method chapter there will also be a discussion of the differences with research that has discussed
enterprise architecture. State-of-the-art, this research is designed from the core framework of a
sustainable insurance system and increases efficiency in carrying out the needs of insurance companies.
So that the goal is that information technology services for insurance companies are maximized with
changes in information technology that change rapidly. The development of enterprise architecture in
insurance companies has a very urgent urgency, especially in developing services based on cloud
technology. So that in serving customers, insurance companies provide maximum service, according to
the needs of customers. The application system developed by the insurance company is committed to
developing information technology in accordance with the insurance enterprise architecture roadmap
(Hindarto et al., 2021).

LITERATURE REVIEW
Previous research that has discussed Information Technology based on Enterprise Architecture has been
widely used in various companies. Therefore, research on this topic is still hotly discussed considering
that Information Technology is always developing and continuously updating. Likewise, the company's
needs are always changing, considering that business is always growing. The era of the industrial
revolution and digital transformation is currently experiencing changes in the company's business. The
growth of various online businesses has made many changes and influences the company's business. So,
companies must quickly adapt to business changes. This research is not looking for weaknesses, but this
research is to support previous research, where the weaknesses of previous research are suggestions for
improvement in this research, meaning that this research is a complement to previous research (Prawira
et al., 2023).
The first discussion is research entitled "Proposal of a sensing model in an Adaptive Enterprise
Architecture." The author's goal is to model sensing capabilities in the context of adaptive enterprise
architectures to ensure self-awareness and context awareness for enterprises. Proposals regarding
sensing-enabled meta-models and integrating them in adaptive enterprise architecture models. The
advantages of this research can assess the company's absorption capacity to balance investment. The
result ensures a competitive advantage compared to competitors. The weakness of this research is that
it does not fully describe the enterprise architecture, only showing parts, such as how to adapt the
enterprise architecture (Daoudi et al., 2023).
The second discussion is research entitled “Impact of solvency II on the enterprise architecture
of insurances: A qualitative study in Germany”. The discussion in this research is about enterprise
architecture in insurance companies. The European Commission suggests a new framework directive
for insurance companies. The framework is Solvency II, consisting of minimum capital, governance and
risk management, transparency. The challenge is the implementation of Enterprise Architecture (EA)
management for insurance companies (Khosroshahi et al., 2014). Its strengths are explaining the impact
of implementing an enterprise architecture on the proposed solvency framework. Disadvantages do not
address the steps in implementing an enterprise architecture on a solvency framework.
The project model for developing an artificial intelligence service system used is an enterprise
architecture approach and consists of elements of the business layer, elements of the application layer,
and expansion of motivation (Takeuchi & Yamamoto, 2019). These advantages encourage companies
to use enterprise architecture as a framework in developing information technology. The weakness is
that there are no enterprise architecture implementation steps.
The approach from the research "Concepts for Modeling Enterprise Architectures" (Jonkers et
al., 2004) proposes a concept-based enterprise architecture approach. This research proposes only an
idea or ideas in carrying out plans for a company. The weakness is not proposing the concept of
implementing enterprise architecture in a company.
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Research entitled "Analyzing Enterprise Models Using Enterprise Architecture-Based

Ontology" discusses enterprise architecture by proposing an enterprise model (Sunkle et al., 2013). The
contributions to this research are twofold: first, it shows how an existing EA modeling language can be
utilized to create an EA ontology and the second shows how two known EA analyzes can be realized
using this ontology. The advantage of ontologies facilitates analysis of the basic enterprise architecture
in prototyping due to proper mix of representation and inference functions and can be extended for more
involved enterprise architecture analysis. The weakness has not been implemented in the enterprise
architecture model.
Proposed methods that can combine both qualitative and quantitative risk analysis and combine
risk mitigation solutions (Sousa et al., 2013). In information technology security, attack-defense (ADT)
is successfully used to represent attacks and countermeasures. The aim of this paper is to leverage the
ADT approach to assess risks and opportunities in enterprise architectures. The strengths of this
research, outlines a framework for identifying the best way to reduce risk and increase company
profitability based on architectural principles. This framework is used as a case study in the insurance
business. Weaknesses have not implemented using the project management framework.
From the research that has been described, most of the research explains that enterprise
architecture has already planned for the company. However, the research above has not explained much
about the application after planning. State-of-the-art research is implementing enterprise architecture in
insurance companies. The application of enterprise architecture uses project management, so that later
Information Technology planning will be in accordance with and controlled by the project management
method. For this reason, the enterprise architecture used in this research uses The Open Group
Architecture Framework (TOGAF). Within TOGAF there will be nine domains namely Preliminary,
Architecture Vision, Business Architecture, Information Systems Architecture, Technology
Architecture, Implementation Governance, Architecture Change Management. This research only
discusses Business Architecture, Information Architecture, technology architecture and Implementation
Governance.

METHOD
TOGAF, or The Open Group Architecture Framework, is a widely-used approach for enterprise
architecture development. It provides a comprehensive method for designing, planning, implementing,
and managing enterprise architecture. The framework is divided into several phases, each of which
focuses on a specific aspect of architecture development. One of the first phases in the TOGAF
framework is the Preliminary phase. This phase involves establishing the scope and objectives of the
architecture development effort, identifying stakeholders, and defining the architecture principles and
framework. The Architecture Vision phase follows, which focuses on defining the overall vision and
objectives for the architecture. This phase involves creating a high-level view of the architecture,
identifying key stakeholders, and developing a roadmap for the architecture development effort. The
subsequent phases of the TOGAF framework include Business Architecture, Information Systems
Architecture, Technology Architecture, Opportunities and Solutions, Migration Planning,
Implementation Governance, and Architecture Change Management. Each of these phases focuses on a
specific area of architecture development, from defining the business architecture to managing changes
to the architecture over time. By following the TOGAF framework, organizations can create a
comprehensive, structured approach to enterprise architecture development that aligns with their
business goals and objectives.
Architecture Vision Phase, In the Architecture Vision phase of TOGAF, the primary focus is on
defining the overall goals and objectives of the architecture effort. This phase is all about creating a
shared understanding of the business need that is driving the architecture effort and defining a high-level
view of the target architecture that will address that need. The Architecture Vision phase involves a
number of key activities, including:
• Developing a statement of the business need that the architecture effort will address
• Identifying stakeholders and their concerns
• Defining the scope of the architecture effort

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• Creating a high-level description of the target architecture

• Defining a set of principles that will guide the development of the architecture
The Architecture Vision phase is critical because it sets the direction for the entire architecture effort.
By establishing a clear understanding of the business need and the target architecture, stakeholders can
align their efforts and work towards a common goal. Without a well-defined Architecture Vision, the
architecture effort is likely to flounder and fail to deliver the desired results.
Business Architecture Phase, In the Business Architecture phase of TOGAF, the focus is on
defining the business strategy, governance, organization, and key business processes. This phase
involves identifying the key business drivers, goals, and objectives, as well as the business capabilities
required to achieve them. One of the key deliverables of this phase is the Business Architecture (Hudha
et al., 2019) document, which outlines the business strategy, organization, and key business processes.
This document serves as a blueprint for the development of the Information Systems Architecture and
Technology Architecture. To develop the Business Architecture document, the following steps are
typically taken:
• Identify the key business drivers, goals, and objectives
• Define the business capabilities required to achieve the goals and objectives
• Develop a business reference model that outlines the key business processes and activities
• Identify the key stakeholders and their roles and responsibilities
• Identify the key business risks and develop risk mitigation strategies
The Business Architecture phase is critical for ensuring that the Information Systems Architecture and
Technology Architecture are aligned with the business strategy and goals. By defining the key business
processes and capabilities, organizations can ensure that their IT systems are designed to support their
business objectives and enable them to achieve their goals.
Information Systems Architecture Phase (Irmayanti & Permana, 2018), The Information
Systems Architecture phase of TOGAF involves the design and implementation of the technology
infrastructure that supports the business architecture. This phase defines the hardware, software, and
network infrastructure required to support the business processes and applications identified in the
previous phases of TOGAF. During this phase, the enterprise architects work closely with the IT
department to design and implement the required technology infrastructure. The following are the key
steps involved in the Information Systems Architecture phase:
• Identifying the technology infrastructure requirements based on the business requirements and
the existing IT infrastructure
• Developing a technology architecture that meets the identified requirements
• Identifying the technology standards and guidelines that will be used to guide the
implementation of the technology infrastructure
• Developing a technology roadmap that outlines the implementation plan for the technology
infrastructure
The Information Systems Architecture phase is critical to the success of the overall enterprise
architecture effort. A well-designed technology infrastructure can ensure that the business processes and
applications are supported in an efficient and effective manner. It can also enable the organization to
quickly adapt to changing business requirements and emerging technologies.
Technology Architecture Phase (Meertens et al., 2012), In the Technology Architecture phase
of TOGAF, the focus is on defining the technology infrastructure required to support the business and
application architecture. This phase ensures that the technology infrastructure is aligned with the overall
enterprise architecture and business goals. The Technology Architecture phase consists of three sub-
phases: Technology Architecture Development, Technology Architecture Implementation, and
Technology Architecture Governance. During the Technology Architecture Development sub-phase,
the technology infrastructure required to support the business and application architecture is defined.
This includes identifying the hardware, software, network, and security components required to support
the enterprise architecture. In the Technology Architecture Implementation sub-phase, the technology
infrastructure is implemented according to the defined architecture. This includes procuring and
deploying the hardware, software, and network components required to support the enterprise

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architecture. Finally, in the Technology Architecture Governance sub-phase, the ongoing management
and maintenance of the technology infrastructure is addressed. This includes defining policies,
procedures, and standards for managing the technology infrastructure, as well as monitoring and
reporting on the performance of the technology infrastructure. Overall, the Technology Architecture
phase is critical to ensuring that the technology infrastructure is aligned with the overall enterprise
architecture and business goals. By following the TOGAF methodology for the Technology Architecture
phase, organizations can ensure that their technology infrastructure is optimized to support their business
objectives.
Implementation Governance Phase, The Implementation Governance phase of TOGAF is a
crucial step in ensuring that the architecture is implemented correctly and effectively. This phase focuses
on the management and control of the implementation process, ensuring that the architecture is delivered
according to the requirements and specifications laid out in the previous phases. The Implementation
Governance phase involves the following activities:
• Establishing the implementation team and governance structure
• Defining the implementation plan and schedule
• Monitoring and controlling the implementation process
• Managing risks and issues that arise during implementation
• Ensuring that the architecture is implemented according to the specifications and requirements
defined in the previous phases
During the Implementation Governance (Sabtu, 2021) phase, it is important to establish a governance
structure that is appropriate for the size and complexity of the implementation. This structure should
include roles and responsibilities for all stakeholders involved in the implementation process, as well as
clear communication channels and decision-making processes. The implementation plan and schedule
should be defined in detail during this phase, taking into account any dependencies and constraints that
may impact the implementation process. Regular monitoring and control of the implementation process
is also critical to ensure that the implementation stays on track and any issues or risks are addressed in
a timely manner. Finally, it is important to ensure that the architecture is implemented according to the
specifications and requirements defined in the previous phases. This involves testing and validating the
implementation to ensure that it meets the desired outcomes and that any issues or defects are addressed
before the implementation is rolled out to production.

RESULT
The results of research from insurance companies can be seen in Figure 1, which describes
information architecture. The database in the application system contains five main data blocks, namely
Dashboard Database, Vendor Database, Backoffice Database, Employee Database, Customer Database
and Claim Database. Database Claims, functions to handle all claims from insurance customers. Vendor
database, serves as a database that supplies insurance company needs such as office stationery or
insurance company supply needs. The Backoffice database consists of the Finance Database, the
Investment Database, the Asset Database and the Policy Database. The Finance Database functions as
a storage medium for all of the company's financial transactions. Database Investment functions for the
company's investment needs. The Claim Database functions as a database to record all claims made by
customers. The Customer Database functions to record all insurance company customers or customers.

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Figure 1. Information Architecture

Source: Researcher Property

Figure 2. Technology Architecture

Source: Researcher Property

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Figure 2. Describes the Technology used in insurance companies. From the main technology
architecture is Database for storage needs. Details of the database have been presented in Figure 1
regarding Information Architecture. Architecture applications aim for corporate information systems,
such as claim application systems, financial application systems, vendor application systems and others.
Included in architectural technology is an infrastructure system consisting of networks, servers and
storage. So the discussion regarding architectural technology includes all infrastructure devices to an
enterprise application.
After the Enterprise Architecture is finished, the next step is to implement the Enterprise
Architecture. This study uses the project management method as governance in carrying out Information
Technology work so that it is in accordance with the system development target. Project Management
is always process and result oriented. There are three important elements in completing work based on
Project Management. The three important points are Cost, Time and Quality, where all the completion
is based on the user requirements that have been planned in the enterprise architecture. For this reason,
the application of Information Technology is successful, the details of the application architecture must
exist, and all architectures must be carried out with detailed discussion. So that the purpose of developing
an enterprise architecture goes well and in accordance with the direction of the company.

DISCUSSIONS
How to implement enterprise architecture in the insurance business? (RQ 1). Topic that has
become very important in recent years. Enterprise architecture is a critical component of any business,
and its implementation can help organizations achieve their goals efficiently and effectively. In the
insurance industry, enterprise architecture can be used to streamline processes, improve customer
experience and improve overall performance. Enterprise architecture is a strategic approach to aligning
business goals with technology solutions. This involves creating a blueprint for the current and future
state of the organization, identifying gaps, and developing a roadmap to bridge those gaps. In the
insurance industry, enterprise architecture can be used to optimize business processes, reduce costs and
improve the overall customer experience. By implementing an enterprise architecture, insurers can
better understand the needs and preferences of their customers, and tailor their products and services
accordingly. Implementing enterprise architecture in the insurance industry can be challenging, but the
rewards are significant. This requires a deep understanding of an organization's goals, processes, and
technology infrastructure. However, with the right approach and expertise, it can improve efficiency,
increase customer satisfaction and competitive advantage in the market. In this article, we will explore
the application of enterprise architecture in the insurance industry and its impact on business operations.
Enterprise architecture is a critical component in the success of any business, including the insurance
industry. Implementing enterprise architecture in the insurance business can help organizations achieve
their goals and objectives by aligning their business processes, information systems, and technology
with their strategic objectives. Enterprise architecture can help insurance companies to develop a clear
understanding of their business processes, including the interdependencies between different
departments, and how they can be integrated to improve efficiency and productivity. This can be
achieved by using tools such as process maps and flowcharts to identify areas of improvement and
streamline processes. Another important aspect of enterprise architecture is the development of a robust
information system that can support the business processes of the insurance company. This can be
achieved by developing a data model that can capture all the relevant information required to support
the business processes. The data model should be designed to support data integration, data quality, and
data governance. Furthermore, implementing enterprise architecture in the insurance business can help
companies to identify and mitigate risks. This can be achieved by developing a risk management
framework that can identify potential risks and develop strategies to mitigate them. The risk
management framework should be designed to support risk assessment, risk analysis, and risk
mitigation. In conclusion, implementing enterprise architecture in the insurance business is critical for
achieving success. By aligning business processes, information systems, and technology with strategic
objectives, insurance companies can improve efficiency, productivity, and mitigate risks.
Is there a method for implementing enterprise architecture and what is the process? (RQ2).
Enterprise architecture implementation is a complex process and requires a lot of preparation. Following
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are some steps that can help an organization in implementing enterprise architecture: Identify business
requirements: The first step in implementing enterprise architecture is to identify the business
requirements of the organization. This involves evaluating business goals and strategies to ensure that
the implemented enterprise architecture can help achieve those goals. Analysis of existing architecture:
Once the business requirements are identified, the next step is to analyze the existing architecture in the
organization. This helps in determining whether the existing architecture is usable or needs to be
changed. Planning a new architecture: If the existing architecture does not meet the business
requirements, then the organization will need to plan a new architecture. This involves determining the
right technology architecture, data architecture, application architecture, and business architecture.
Implementation: Once the planning for the new architecture is complete, the organization can start
implementing the enterprise architecture. This involves developing and implementing systems, ensuring
proper integration between systems, and ensuring that systems function properly. Monitoring and
evaluation: After the enterprise architecture is implemented, the organization needs to monitor and
evaluate the performance of the system. This helps in determining whether the implemented enterprise
architecture is successful in achieving the business objectives. In the process of implementing enterprise
architecture, it is important to ensure that all members of the project team understand the enterprise
architecture to be implemented. In addition, organizations also need to ensure that the enterprise
architecture is continuously updated and adapted to changing business needs.

CONCLUSION
Enterprise architecture and project management are two critical components of any
organization. The former provides a holistic view of the organization's infrastructure, while the latter
ensures that projects are completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards. When
these two disciplines are combined, the result is a powerful framework that can help organizations
achieve their strategic goals. In this article, we will explore the key takeaways from the implementation
of enterprise architecture using project management. We will look at the benefits of this approach, the
challenges that organizations may face, and the best practices for successful implementation. By the end
of this article, you will have a clear understanding of how enterprise architecture and project
management can work together to drive organizational success. As organizations continue to grow and
evolve, it becomes increasingly important to have a clear understanding of the enterprise architecture.
This includes the organization's business processes, information systems, and technology infrastructure.
By implementing enterprise architecture using project management, organizations can ensure that their
infrastructure is aligned with their strategic goals, and that projects are managed effectively to achieve
those goals. This approach can help organizations to reduce costs, improve efficiency, and enhance their
overall performance.

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