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DC-Lab Report 03

The document describes a study analyzing combination series-parallel circuits. The purpose is to analyze basic laws of series and parallel circuits, find total circuit current, and observe the effect of multiple voltage sources in series. The methodology combines series and parallel components to achieve desired characteristics like efficient current and voltage distribution. Measurements and simulations are used to analyze voltages and currents in the circuit based on Ohm's and Kirchhoff's laws. Calculations show that in a series-parallel circuit, the total resistance is the sum of individual and parallel resistances, and voltage and current divide according to component resistances.

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Shahriar Ahsan Joha
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2K views8 pages

DC-Lab Report 03

The document describes a study analyzing combination series-parallel circuits. The purpose is to analyze basic laws of series and parallel circuits, find total circuit current, and observe the effect of multiple voltage sources in series. The methodology combines series and parallel components to achieve desired characteristics like efficient current and voltage distribution. Measurements and simulations are used to analyze voltages and currents in the circuit based on Ohm's and Kirchhoff's laws. Calculations show that in a series-parallel circuit, the total resistance is the sum of individual and parallel resistances, and voltage and current divide according to component resistances.

Uploaded by

Shahriar Ahsan Joha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Title: Study of Combination of Series and Parallel Circuits.

Introduction:
The study of combination circuits involves analyzing the overall behavior of the circuit by
applying principles of Kirchhoff's laws and Ohm's law. Understanding how series and parallel
circuits interact and influence each other is essential for circuit design, troubleshooting, and
optimization. By combining series and parallel circuits, engineers can design circuits that exhibit
a wide range of characteristics, including voltage division, current division, and the ability to
handle varying loads. This combination allows for the creation of more complex systems such as
power distribution networks, electronic devices, and industrial machinery. The combination of
series-parallel network can be solved using KVL,KCL,VDR,CDR.

The purpose of this experiment is:


 To analyze the basic laws of series and parallel circuits.
 To find the total circuit current of fixed circuit.
 To observe the effect of two voltage sources in series.

Theory and Methodology:


The combination of series and parallel circuits is a common configuration in electrical circuits. It
involves connecting components in both series and parallel arrangements to achieve desired
circuit characteristics. This combination allows for the efficient distribution of current and
voltage in a circuit, enabling the design of complex electrical systems.
In a series circuit, components are connected end-to-end, creating a single path for current flow.
The total resistance (R total) in a series circuit is the sum of the individual resistances (R1, R2,
R3, etc.), and the total current (I total) is the same throughout the circuit. The voltage across each
component depends on its resistance and the current flowing through it, according to Ohm's law
(V = I * R).
In a parallel circuit, components are connected across common points, creating multiple paths for
current flow. The total resistance in a parallel circuit is calculated differently than in a series
circuit. The inverse of the total resistance (1/R_total) is equal to the sum of the inverses of the
individual resistances (1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3, etc.). The voltage across each component is the
same, while the current is divided among the branches based on the individual resistances.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International


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In Figure 1(a), the sources are all “pressuring” current to the right, so the net voltage is ET = E1
+ E2 + E3 = 10V + 2V + 6V = 18V as shown in the figure.
In Figure 1(b), however, the greater “pressure” is to the left, with a net voltage of ET = E2 + E3
– E1 = 9V + 3V – 4V = 8V and the polarity shown in the figure.
In many circuit applications, we encounter components connected together in one of two ways to
form a three- terminal network: the “Delta,” or  (also known as “pi,” or  ) configuration, and
the “Y” (also known as the “T” ) configuration.[1][3]

Fig 1: Connection of Multiple Voltage Sources in Series

Apparatus:
1. Trained Board
2. Digital Multimeter
3. DC sources ( 9v, 6v )
4. Resistors (8.41kΩ,0.991kΩ,21.64 kΩ,21.16kΩ,0.542kΩ,1.48kΩ,0.997kΩ, 5.57kΩ)
5. Connecting wires

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International


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Precautions:
 All apparatus were checked properly.
 The circuit was implemented carefully where needed.
 It was made sure that the DC source was not shorted anywhere in the breadboard.
 Made sure not to turn on DC source while implementing the circuit.
 Multimeter was placed in parallel while measuring voltage and it was connected in series
while measuring current.
 The multimeter was set in voltage mode while measuring voltage and in current mode
while measuring current.

Circuit Diagram:

Fig 2: Circuit diagram for the experiment.

Experimental Procedure:
1. The circuit was connected as shown in the circuit diagram. Voltage and current through
each branch were measured using digital multimeter and after necessary calculations,
data table 1 & 2 was filled.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International


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Data Table:
Table-1 (Voltage measurements):

Value of Resistors: R1 = 8.41 KΩ, R2 = .991 KΩ, R3 = 21.64 KΩ, R4 = 2.16 KΩ, R5 =
0.542KΩ, R6 = 1.48 KΩ, R7 = 0.997 KΩ, R8 = 5.57 KΩ.
Value of Voltage Sources: E1 = 9 V, E2 = 6 V.
For Measuring V1(V V2 (V) V3 (V) V4 (V) V5 (V) V6 (V) V7 (V) V8 (V)
Voltage )
Measured Value 89×10-3 89×10-3 2.19 34×10-3 34×10-3 34×10-3 0.1 0.566
Calculated Value 0.09 0.09 2.21 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.1 0.57
Simulated Value 0.09 0.09 2.206 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.102 0.567

Table-2 (Current measurements):


Value of Resistors: R1 = 8.41 KΩ, R2 = .991 KΩ, R3 = 21.64 KΩ, R4 = 2.16 KΩ, R5 =
0.542KΩ, R6 = 1.48 KΩ, R7 = 0.997 KΩ, R8 = 5.57 KΩ.
Value of Voltage Sources: E1 = 9 V, E2 = 6 V.

For Measuring I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8
Current (mA) (mA) (mA) (mA) (mA) (mA) (mA) (mA)
Measured Value 0.01 0.06 0.12 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.12 0.12
Calculated Value 0.01 0.08 0.1 0.016 0.06 0.02 0.1 0.1
Simulated Value 0.01 0.091 0.1 0.04 0.074 0.027 0.1 0.1

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International


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Simulation and Measurement:

Fig 3:
Simulation for Series-Parallel circuit voltage measurements.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International


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Fig 4: Simulation for Series-Parallel circuit current measurements.

Report Questions:

Here,
E= (9-6) V
=3V
R1=8.41 kΩ
R2=0.99 kΩ
R3= 21.27 kΩ
R4= 2.16 kΩ
R5= 0.542 kΩ
R6=1.48 kΩ
R7=0.997 kΩ
R8= 5.57 kΩ
In a series-parallel circuit R12= (1/8.41 + 1/.99) kΩ
= 0.886 kΩ

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International


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University-Bangladesh (AIUB)
R456 = (1/2.16 + 1/.54 +1/1.48) kΩ
= 0.335 kΩ
RT = (R12 + R3 + R456 + R7 + R8) kΩ
= (0.885 + 21.27 + 0.335 + 0.997 + 5.57) kΩ
= 29.42 kΩ
R 12 × E 0.886 ×3
V1 = V2 = = = 0.09 V
RT 29.42
R 3 × E 21.27 ×3
V3= = = 2.21 V
RT 29.42
R 456 × E 0.335× 3
V4 = V5 = V6 = = = 0.034 V
RT 29.42
R 7 × E 0.997 ×3
V7 = = = 0.1 V
RT 29.42
R 8× E 5.57× 3
V8 = = = 0.57 V
RT 29.42

E 3
Is = = =0.1 mA
R T 29.42
R 12 × I 0.886 ×0.1
I1= = = 0.01 mA
R1 8.41
R 12 × I 0.886 ×0.1
I2= = = 0.08 mA
R2 0.99
R 456 × I 0.33× 0.1
I4= = = 0.016 mA
R4 2.16
R 456 × I 0.33× 0.1
I5= = = 0.06 mA
R5 0.542
R 456 × I 0.33× 0.1
I6= = = 0.02 mA
R6 1.48
IS = I3 = I7= I8 = 0.1 mA

Discussion and Conclusion:

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International


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University-Bangladesh (AIUB)
We first determined the source voltage E. Then we calculated the resistance across the parallel
branch and calculated the total resistance RT in the circuit. As in parallel circuit the voltage is
same but the current is different on the other hand in a series circuit the current is same but the
voltage is different. Then we calculated the voltage among the series and parallel connection. In
the parallel connection the source voltage is flowing. After that we calculated the current across
the circuits where in the series connection the source current is flowing.
The results from this lab experiment supports the theory because each of the measured results
received and very low percent difference from the theoretical calculations.

Resources
[1] Robert L. Boylestad, “Introductory Circuit Analysis”, 13th Edition, Prentice Hall, New York.
[2] DC students Lab Manual exp- 03
[3] Study Library- https://studylib.net/doc/9945dc34 Access date: 16-06-23

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International


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