Real-time business intelligence

Real-time business intelligence (RTBI) is a concept describing the process of delivering business
intelligence (BI) or information about business operations as they occur. Real time means near to zero
latency and access to information whenever it is required.[1]

The speed of today's processing systems has allowed typical data warehousing to work in real-time. The
result is real-time business intelligence. Business transactions as they occur are fed to a real-time BI system
that maintains the current state of the enterprise. The RTBI system not only supports the classic strategic
functions of data warehousing for deriving information and knowledge from past enterprise activity, but it
also provides real-time tactical support to drive enterprise actions that react immediately to events as they
occur. As such, it replaces both the classic data warehouse and the enterprise application integration (EAI)
functions. Such event-driven processing is a basic tenet of real-time business intelligence.

In this context, "real-time" means a range from milliseconds to a few seconds (5s) after the business event
has occurred. While traditional BI presents historical data for manual analysis, RTBI compares current
business events with historical patterns to detect problems or opportunities automatically. This automated
analysis capability enables corrective actions to be initiated and/or business rules to be adjusted to optimize
business processes.

RTBI is an approach in which up-to-a-minute data is analyzed, either directly from operational sources or
feeding business transactions into a real time data warehouse and Business Intelligence system.

Latency
All real-time business intelligence systems have some latency, but the goal is to minimize the time from the
business event happening to a corrective action or notification being initiated. Analyst Richard Hackathorn
describes three types of latency:[2]

Data latency; the time taken to collect and store the data
Analysis latency; the time taken to analyze the data and turn it into actionable information
Action latency; the time taken to react to the information and take action

Real-time business intelligence technologies are designed to reduce all three latencies to as close to zero as
possible, whereas traditional business intelligence only seeks to reduce data latency and does not address
analysis latency or action latency since both are governed by manual processes.

Some commentators have introduced the concept of right time business intelligence which proposes that
information should be delivered just before it is required, and not necessarily in real-time.

Architectures

Event-based
Real-time Business Intelligence systems are event driven, and may use Complex Event Processing, Event
Stream Processing and Mashup (web application hybrid) techniques to enable events to be analysed
without being first transformed and stored in a database. These in-memory database techniques have the
advantage that high rates of events can be monitored, and since data does not have to be written into
databases data latency can be reduced to milliseconds.

Data warehouse

An alternative approach to event driven architectures is to increase the refresh cycle of an existing data
warehouse to update the data more frequently. These real-time data warehouse systems can achieve near
real-time update of data, where the data latency typically is in the range from minutes to hours. The analysis
of the data is still usually manual, so the total latency is significantly different from event driven
architectural approaches.

Server-less technology

The latest alternative innovation to "real-time" event driven and/or "real-time" data warehouse architectures
is MSSO Technology (Multiple Source Simple Output) which removes the need for the data warehouse
and intermediary servers altogether since it is able to access live data directly from the source (even from
multiple, disparate sources). Because live data is accessed directly by server-less means, it provides the
potential for zero-latency, real-time data in the truest sense.

Process-aware

This is sometimes considered a subset of operational intelligence and is also identified with Business
Activity Monitoring. It allows entire processes (transactions, steps) to be monitored, metrics (latency,
completion/failed ratios, etc.) to be viewed, compared with warehoused historic data, and trended in real-
time. Advanced implementations allow threshold detection, alerting and providing feedback to the process
execution systems themselves, thereby 'closing the loop'.

Technologies that support real-time analytics

Technologies that can be supported to enable real-time business intelligence are data visualization, data
federation, enterprise information integration, enterprise application integration and service oriented
architecture. Complex event processing tools can be used to analyze data streams in real time and either
trigger automated actions or alert workers to patterns and trends.

Data warehouse appliance

Data warehouse appliance is a combination of hardware and software product which was
designed exclusively for analytical processing. In data warehouse implementation, tasks
that involve tuning, adding or editing structure around the data, data migration from other
databases, reconciliation of data are done by DBA. Another task for DBA was to make the
database to perform well for large sets of users. Whereas with data warehouse
appliances, it is the vendor responsibility of the physical design and tuning the software as
per hardware requirements. Data warehouse appliance package comes with its own
operating system, storage, DBMS, software, and required hardware. If required data
warehouse appliances can be easily integrated with other tools.

Mobile technology
 There are very limited vendors for providing Mobile business intelligence; MBI is
integrated with existing BI architecture. MBI is a package that uses existing BI applications
so people can use on their mobile phone and make informed decision in real time.

Application areas
Fraud detection
Systems monitoring
Application performance monitoring
Customer Relationship Management
Demand sensing
Dynamic pricing and yield management
Data validation
Operational intelligence and risk management
Payments & cash monitoring
Data security monitoring
Supply chain optimization
RFID/sensor network data analysis
Workstreaming
Call center optimization
Enterprise Mashups and Mashup Dashboards
Transportation

See also
Business Intelligence
Complex Event Processing
Digital Nervous System

References
1. Azvine, B.; Cui, Z.; Nauck, D.D.; Majeed, B. (2006). "Real Time Business Intelligence for the
Adaptive Enterprise". The 8th IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology
and the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce, and E-
Services (CEC/EEE'06). p. 29. doi:10.1109/CEC-EEE.2006.73 (https://doi.org/10.1109%2F
CEC-EEE.2006.73). ISBN 0-7695-2511-3. S2CID 15523928 (https://api.semanticscholar.or
g/CorpusID:15523928).
2. Richard Hackathorn (February 2004). "The BI Watch Real-Time to Real-Value" (https://www.
researchgate.net/publication/228498840).

External links
Complex Event Processing & Real Time Intelligence (http://www.complexevents.com/2013/0
9/17/understanding-real-time-intelligence/) - Introduction to Real-Time Intelligence

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