Module 1:
Topic 2: Sound Patterns and Oral Language Development
Sound and Letter Patterns
Oral features and Phonological Awareness
Learning to communicate in Early Childhood interactions
Foundations of Spelling
Phonological The ability to hear, identify and manipulate syllables, rhymes and individual
Knowledge: sounds in spoken words.
The phonological parts of words are syllables.
Phonemes are the smallest unit of sound in speech. i.e. hat has 3 phonemes,
H, A, T.
This includes:
o Syllable awareness
o Rhyme awareness
o Awareness of beginning phonemes
o Phonemic awareness
Phonological awareness and orthographic awareness are the foundations of
successful reading!
Phonemic A type of phonological awareness:
Awareness:
The ability to both notice and manipulate the smallest units of sound
in spoken language (phonemes)
- Isolate phonemes: identifying first, middle or last sound in the word.
- Blend phonemes: listening to separately spoken phonemes and then
blending then to pronounce a word.
- Segment phonemes: break a word into separate phonemes
- Delete phonemes: removing one phoneme to make a new word
- Substitute phonemes: changing one phoneme to another, to make a
new word. = manipulation
Children use their phonemic knowledge as they ‘sound out’ / utilise their
phonetic spelling. Developing a sensitivity to the sounds of words in
language.
Rime vs Rhyme:
RI * ending sound of a word that has a vowel and followed at least one
consonant. RH * words that sound the same.
Onset: the part of a single-syllable word before the vowel.
Orthographic Symbols = Letters. This knowledge is stored in memory. We utilise the
Knowledge: alphabetic system of writing to write words. An understanding of the concept
that oral language can be converted to written language by using alphabet
letters.
Graphemes: a written symbol that represents a sound.
A grapheme can comprise one or more letters.
Types of Graphemes:
Single letter graphemes: Vowels = a, e, I, o, u. OR Consonants = b, c,
d, f, g, h, j, k, 1, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.
Double vowel graphemes: moon.
Double consonant graphemes: weight OR wiggle.
Digraphs: 2 different letters representing a phoneme: shop (sh) OR
thing (th)
Consonant clusters: 2 or 3 letters representing either 2 or 3
phonemes, but are blended when pronounced= scratch
Trigraphs: 3 different letters representing a single phoneme= badge
It is a pattern-based system.
Components of 2 categories:
Orthographic
- Word-specific
Knowledge:
- General
Morphological Morphemes: parts of words that carry distinctive meaning
Knowledge:
Free morphemes:
- Compound words utilise morphemes. i.e. trusting
- 2 words or free morphemes come together to make one new word.
Bound morphemes:
- When added to words, alter their meaning or create new words
- Includes prefixes and suffixes
- Inflection is -ed, -es, -ing, -er, -est.
Etymological History / origin of words and how it relates to their meaning and spelling.
knowledge: Having this awareness and understanding is useful in supporting spelling.
Protolanguage: The sound, intonation and gestures used by infants to interact with
caregivers.
Instrumental: demanding things and actions
Regulatory: controlling the behaviour of others
Interactional: relating to others
Personal: expressing and sharing feelings
Imaginative: pretending
Heuristic: exploring and learning about the words.
