Application of Computer in

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TEX4217

Introducing Database Management

System

Prepared by
Barshan Dev
Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering
BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology (BUFT)
DBMS

 DBMS stands for Database Management System. We can

break it like this DBMS = Database + Management
System.
 Database is a collection of data and Management System
is a set of programs to store and retrieve those data.
Based on this we can define DBMS like this: DBMS is a
collection of inter-related data and set of programs to
store & access those data in an easy and effective
manner.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

A database management system (DBMS) is a tool to
store, edit and organise data in a database. It provides
several key features:
 stores data in one central location.
 allows data to be shared by many users.
 provides user interfaces to work with the data.
 creates backups.
 controls who can access and edit the data.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

 Database: A data store designed in an organised
way, making it easier to search for the
information you need.
 User interface: The means by which a user
interacts with a computer or device.
 Backup: A copy of important files that is kept
separately in case the original files are lost or
damaged.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

What is the need of DBMS?

 Database systems are basically developed for

large amount of data. When dealing with huge
amount of data, there are two things that
require optimization:
 Storage of data and
 retrieval of data.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

 Storage: According to the principles of database
systems, the data is stored in such a way that it acquires
lot less space as the redundant data (duplicate data)
has been removed before storage.
Let’s take a example to understand this:
In a banking system, suppose a customer is having two accounts, one is saving
account and another is salary account. Let’s say bank stores saving account
data at one place (these places are called tables we will learn them later) and
salary account data at another place, in that case if the customer information
such as customer name, address etc. are stored at both places then this is just
a wastage of storage (redundancy/ duplication of data), to organize the data
in a better way the information should be stored at one place and both the
accounts should be linked to that information somehow. The same thing we
achieve in DBMS.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

 Fast Retrieval of data: Along with storing the
data in an optimized and systematic manner, it is
also important that we retrieve the data quickly
when needed. Database systems ensure that the
data is retrieved as quickly as possible.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

 A database in a DBMS could be viewed by lots of
different people with different responsibilities.
For example, within a company there are
different departments, as well as customers,
who each need to see different kinds of data.
Each employee in the company will have
different levels of access to the database with
their own customised front-end (The part of an
application seen and used by the end
user)application.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT
DBMS example

 The following example shows how a DBMS is

used for a ticketing website.
 A ticketing company allows customers to buy
tickets online or through a booking office. How
can they use a DBMS to keep a record of sales?

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

 Option 1
 They could have two separate databases - one for online sales
and one for booking office sales. But they would both need to
keep records of tickets and customers.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

This type of system would not work effectively for
a number of reasons:
1. How would you know which seats had been
sold in each system?
2. Would you divide the seats up before offering
them to the public?
3. What would happen if online tickets sold out
before booking office tickets did?
4. You could lose customers due to errors or
double-selling the same tickets.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

  Option 2
 A DBMS could create a system
where the ticket and customer
data could be held in one
database. There could be
an application for the booking
office and the online sales
which would allow both of
them to access the database.
Data could then be shared
between online sales and
booking office sales and the
data would not be duplicated.
This type of system would
work much more effectively.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

 Database Applications – DBMS
 Telecom: There is a database to keeps track of the information regarding
calls made, network usage, customer details etc. Without the database
systems it is hard to maintain that huge amount of data that keeps
updating every millisecond.
 Industry: Where it is a manufacturing unit, warehouse or distribution
centre, each one needs a database to keep the records of ins and outs. For
example distribution centre should keep a track of the product units that
supplied into the centre as well as the products that got delivered out
from the distribution centre on each day; this is where DBMS comes into
picture.
 Banking System: For storing customer info, tracking day to day credit and
debit transactions, generating bank statements etc. All this work has been
done with the help of Database management systems.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

 Database Applications – DBMS

 Education sector: Database systems are frequently used in

schools and colleges to store and retrieve the data
regarding student details, staff details, course details,
exam details, payroll data, attendance details, fees details
etc. There is a hell lot amount of inter-related data that
needs to be stored and retrieved in an efficient manner.
 Online shopping: You must be aware of the online
shopping websites such as Amazon, Flip kart etc. These
sites store the product information, your addresses and
preferences, credit details and provide you the relevant
list of products based on your query. All this involves a
Database management system.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

Drawbacks of File system:

 Data Isolation: Because data are scattered in

various files, and files may be in different
formats, writing new application programs to
retrieve the appropriate data is difficult.
 Duplication of data – Redundant data.
 Dependency on application programs – Changing
files would lead to change in application
programs.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

 Advantage of DBMS over file system
There are several advantages of Database management system
over file system. Few of them are as follows:
 No redundant data – Redundancy removed by data
normalization.
 Data Consistency and Integrity – data normalization takes
care of it too.
 Secure – Each user has a different set of access.
 Privacy – Limited access.
 Easy access to data.
 Easy recovery.
 Flexible.
Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT
Disadvantages of DBMS:

 DBMS implementation cost is high compared to

the file system.
 Complexity: Database systems are complex to
understand.
 Performance: Database systems are generic,
making them suitable for various applications.
However this feature affect their performance
for some applications.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

 Access levels
 One of the challenges of creating a DBMS is managing who can
access and change the data.
 If anyone can edit the database, data could easily become corrupted.
It is better to have different levels of access for the database to
maintain the integrity of the database.
 For example, with personalised websites that require a login, you will
only see data that is relevant to you. However, if an employee of that
website company accesses the DBMS, they will be able to view all
customer accounts. The customer details come from the same
database, but different levels of access are given to different users.
 A DBMS developer would think about the needs of the user and
develop a bespoke system to suit the needs of the company.
Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT
 With an online music library, there would be
different access levels for different users. For
example:
 customers should only see their own music.
 administrators would have access to upload and amend the entire library.
 account managers would be able to see the financial details for the customers when
required.
Websites use database applications to customise the user interface to suit the needs of
each user. The owner of a blog will be able to delete, add and edit comments, whereas
the reader would simply be able to view the blog posts.
 With social networks you customise who can access your data:
 you might only allow 'friends' to see your data.
 you might allow 'friends' and 'friends of friends' to see your data.
 you might have a public account that is visible to everyone.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

  The data that
appears on Sarah's
profile on a social
network is stored in
a database. Sarah
has set up access
rights to her data.
Sarah only allows
users known as her
'friends' to view her
profile. This means
that the public and
'friends of friends'
cannot see her data.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

 Benefits of a DBMS
 integrity - the structure of the database can change, but the applications (A software
program that allows a user to perform a specific task) using the data do not need to be
changed.
 efficiency - avoids data duplication and inconsistency, and less storage space is taken up
because data is shared.
 consistency - data is the same, regardless of who is viewing it.
 backups - it is easy to back up data from one location.
 security - the data is in a secure central place and different access rights can be assigned
to different people.
 customisation - applications can be customised to suit the needs of the user.
 An important part of a DBMS is separating applications from the data. When people use
the applications they call on the data they need to work on. They do not need to use all
the data every time they use the database.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT

Database software

 Database software includes off-the-shelf

software such as Microsoft Access, Libre Office
Base, Oracle, MySQL or NoSQL.
 Databases can also be created and organised
using programming languages. Languages
like SQL, Visual Basic and Delphi are used to edit
databases. Using programming languages
means that you can customise a database to do
exactly as you want.

Barshan Dev, Lecturer, Dept. of Textile Engineering, BUFT