Chapter III Lesson 2 Biodiversity

ANDRES SORIANO COLLEGES OF BISLIG
Mangagoy, Bislig City
Prepared by:
What does “Bio” mean?
Bio =
What does “Diversity” mean?
Diversity =
Biodiversity is the variety of life on
Earth and the essential
interdependence of all living things
• Scientists have identified more than 1.4 million
species. Tens of millions -- remain unknown
•The tremendous variety of life on Earth is made
possible by complex interactions among all living
things including micro-organisms.
1. Diversity of genes
Chihuahuas, beagles, and Rottweiler’s are all the
same species —but they're not the same because
there is variety in their genes.
Chihuahua Beagle Rottweilers

2. Diversity of number of species
For example, monkeys, dragonflies, and
meadow beauties are all different species.
Saki Monkey Golden Skimmer Meadow Beauty

3. Variety of ecosystems
Lakes, Ponds, and Rivers are all Freshwater
Ecosystems.
Sand Dune, Estuary, Salt Marsh , Coral Reef
are all Marine Ecosystems.
“ A self-contained community of
microorganisms, animals and plants, that
interact with each other and with their physical
environment.”
Ex. FOREST
Within an ecosystem there
can be many HABITATS
• This is the physical and chemical description of
where a creature lives...
HABITATS might describe:
• The NAME of the place where the

creature lives.
• eg Arctic Canada is the habitat of the

polar bear Ursa maritima.
• The DOMINANT VEGETATION of

the place where the creature lives.
• eg Heather moorland is the

habitat of the grouse.
• The TYPE of place where the
creature lives.
• eg species of fish like Pike (Esox

lucius) are found in freshwater lakes
and ponds.
• So what’s a SPECIES??
1. A group of morphologically
similar creatures which can:
• Interbreed to produce fertile offspring
• Are ‘reproductively isolated’.
• Extinct creatures eg T. rex
• Creatures who breed asexually eg. bacteria
• Creatures who can’t be tested ethically eg Man x Chimp
2. Creatures who are related
through PHYLOGENY
• Similar DNA
• Similar proteins eg in blood
• Similar biochemistry
• Similar embryology
Intrinsic Value = Something that has value
in and of itself
Utilitarian Value = the value something has
a means to another’s end.
Utilitarian values include:

• Goods eg sustainable timber
• Services eg eco-tourism
• Information eg National Park Wardens
Oxygen
Food
Clean Water
Medicine
Aesthetics
Ideas
Biodiversity
includes wild
relatives of
domestic plants
and animals
Biodiversity can help ecosystems
adapt to climate change
What we know:
The Earth is losing species at an alarming rate
• Some scientists estimate that as many as 3 species

per hour are going extinct and 20,000 extinctions
occur each year.
• when species of plants and animals go extinct,
many other species are affected.
• HABITAT loss and destruction
• Alterations in ECOSYSTEM composition
• OVER-exploitation
• POLLUTION and CONTAMINATION
• Global CLIMATE CHANGE.
• Inhabitation of human beings and the use of
land for ECONOMIC gains. Major force-
• Sudden changes either within species
groups or within the environment could
change the entire ecosystem.
• Overhunting,
overfishing, or
over collecting
of species can
quickly lead to
its decline.
• Cause irreversible damage to species and
varieties.
• Species and populations may be lost
permanently if they are not provided enough
time to adopt to changing climatic conditions.
• According to the WHO, biodiversity is a vital
element of a human being’s nutrition because
of its influence to food production.
• A society must have access to a sufficient
variety of nutritious food as it is a determinant
of their health.
• Nutrition and biodiversity are linked together;
• The ecosystem, with food production as an
ecosystem service.
• The species in the ecosystem and the genetic
diversity within species.
• Intensified and enhanced food production through
irrigation, use of fertilizers, plant protection
(pesticide), or the introduction of crop varieties and
cropping patterns affect biodiversity and thus impact
global nutritional status and human health.
• Parkinson’s disease
• Heart Disease
• Cancer
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Asthma
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Occupational Injuries
• Dysentery
• Arthritis
• Malaria
• Depression
• Food production causes damage from pesticides & fertilizers.
• Wastes produced by livestock
• Carbon emissions from food manufacturing and transportation
• Hospitals use large quantities of electricity and fossil fuels
To prevent diseases, it may be necessary to alter the environment.

Ex. Malaria was eradicated in US in the 1940s as a result of draining
wetlands and spraying DDT to kill mosquitos
A reduction of mortality can lead to overpopulation – increasing use of

fossil fuels, clearing of land, generating pollution and waste and so on.
1. Maintain non-domestic habitats
within production landscapes
2. Use
economic
incentives to
encourage
farmers to
conserve wild
biodiversity
3. Compensate farmers for
economic damage from wild
species
4. Recognize the value of traditional
farming systems to conserve
domestic and wild biodiversity
5. Remove trade
barriers to farmers
in developing
countries
6. Apply modern technology to
mainstreaming biodiversity in
agroecosystems
7. Recognize rights of farmers for
genetic resources
8. Recognize indigenous land
rights for biodiversity
conservation
9. Use market
instruments
to support agro-
biodiversity
10. Adopt a landscape approach
when mainstreaming biodiversity
Conservation of biodiversity is an expression of
human culture.
Biodiversity needs active management if it is to
provide us with the goods and services we desire.
This management needs to include some areas where
natural ecosystems are enabled to continue their
evolution.
The biological impacts of climate change will require
new approaches to conserving biodiversity.
• Most of the time, it may seem impossible to do
really value species singly or in a detailed
manner. But we have to consider the entire Earth
as a single unit. A loss of single-celled species
or a family of wild grass can have adverse effect
in the entire biosphere.
• The value of diversity is the value of everything.
• We must recognize the value of the organisms
with which we share the planet.
• How would you reconcile the emerging needs of
human beings regarding their health and the need
to protect the growth of biodiversity?
• Do you think that Earth can exist without human
beings taking care of it? Or biodiversity also needs
human beings for it to be in a continuous growing
process?
• What are small ways that you think would promote
safekeeping our biodiversity? What do you think are
the common human activitiesmight be stopped and
prohibited?

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Chapter III Lesson 2 Biodiversity

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ANDRES SORIANO COLLEGES OF BISLIG

Mangagoy, Bislig City

Chihuahua Beagle Rottweilers

Saki Monkey Golden Skimmer Meadow Beauty

• The NAME of the place where the

• eg Arctic Canada is the habitat of the

• The DOMINANT VEGETATION of

• eg Heather moorland is the

• eg species of fish like Pike (Esox

Utilitarian values include:

• Some scientists estimate that as many as 3 species

To prevent diseases, it may be necessary to alter the environment.

A reduction of mortality can lead to overpopulation – increasing use of

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