Data Representation the results of processing the

data.
● how data types are structures
● It stores three basic categories of
● represented in numerical values
items:
or how strings are formatted
○ The operating system
Analog signals are continuous and vary and other programs
in strength and quality ○ Applications

Digital signals are in one of two states: ○ Data being processed

on or off. and the resulting

information
● Computer System can only
● Each location in memory has an
understand 0s and 1s, which the
address
binary system uses two unique
● Memory size commonly is
digits (0 and 1)
measured in gigabytes (GB) or
The circuitry in a computer or mobile terabytes (TB)
device represents the on or the off ● Computers and mobile devices
states electronically by the presence or contain two types of memory:
absence of an electronic charge ● RAM chips usually reside on a
memory module and are inserted
8 BITS= 8 BYTE. A byte represents a
into memory slots
single character in the computer or
● Computers and mobile devices
mobile device
contain two types of memory:
1+1= 10 ● RAM chips usually reside on a
memory module and are inserted
Memory
into memory slots
● working table of the computer
system wherein all materials
Two common types of RAM exist:
must set in it first in order
● Memory consists of electronic
1. Static RAM
components that store
2. Dynamic RAM
instructions waiting to be
executed by the processor, data
needed by those instructions, and
 Memory cache retain information when the
power to the computer is off.

● Speeds the processes of the

computer because it stores Adapters
frequently used instructions and
data ● An adapter card enhances
functions of a component of a
Small piece of high speed volatile desktop
memory available to the processor for ● An expansion slot is a socket on
fast processing is called cache a desktop or server motherboard
memory. that can hold an adapter card

The process of keeping some data and

instructions in cache memory for faster With Plug and Play, the computer
access is called caching. automatically can recognize peripheral
devices as you install them
Finding data or instruction in cache is
called cache hit Buses

● A bus allows the various devices

TERMS TO REMEMBER:
both inside and attached to the
system unit
● Read-only memory (ROM)
refers to memory chips storing Word size is the number of bits the
permanent data and instructions processor can interpret and execute at a
● Firmware is permanent software given time
programmed into a read-only
memory.
● Flash memory can be erased
electronically and rewritten 1. Data Bus− Lines that carry data to
● CMOS (Complementary metal– and from memory are called data
oxide–semiconductor) is a bus.
technology uses battery power to 2. Address Bus− It is a
unidirectional responsible for
 carrying address of a memory
location

Power Supply and Batteries

● The power supply or laptop AC

Microsoft Word 2016 Interface
adapter converts the wall outlet
AC power into DC power ● the tools and menus are
organized in Word 2016 is known
● Batteries typically are as the user interface
rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

Week 3: Working with WORD

APPLICATION The Ribbon= contains all the Word
tools, and is organized into three parts:
Microsoft Word ● Tabs – represent a general activity area
● Groups – show related tools
● create beautiful documents, (commands)
easily work with others ● Commands – a button, expandable
● excellent tools and a work area
menu
that resembles a sheet of paper
● Word templates on the Welcome
Quick Access Toolbar-commands
Page offer pre-designed used most often, including “Save”, the
documents undo right and left, often to save
particular documents
CAN CREATE…
● Letters – personal, business, creative
or general notes
● Notices – basic flyers, menus,
checklists
● Reports – for school, work or a special  File Menu- contains actions at the file
interest group level
Word 2016 Welcome Page
● can create a New document,
1. Open Word 2016 Open an existing one, Save
2. note the various popular changes to the current document,
templates available Save As a different file with a
3. Click “Facet design different name, Print the current
(blank)” document
4. “Create” to open a
document Title Bar, Help Menu, Ribbon
Display Options
 3. Click “Computer”. See TIP below and
“Saving With OneDrive”.
4. Click “My Documents” folder.
5. Name file “My Practice Document”
6. Click Save.
 The Cursor (movable indicator in ac
computer screen)

● shows the name of the program

and the name (title) of your
document
● Top-most bar in program window
● temporary title, Document1, until ● indicates where text will appear
you “Save As” with a different as you type
name ● indicates font size
● far right on the Title Bar is the ● Note the size of the cursor next to
Help Menu and Ribbon Display the word “Title”
options
Get Ready for Typing
The Help Menu has articles on using
the software--- Click the question mark ● main workspace in Word
icon to browse Help articles resembles a piece of paper on
your screen
Ribbon Display Options allow you to ● Note the vertical blinking line, the
see more or less of the Ribbon and the cursor, near the top left of the
work area, as a result. paper
● The mouse pointer arrow is for
clicking commands, or buttons in
general
Using Tools in Word
● The mouse pointer text tool (I-
Beam) is for selecting text or
positioning cursor for typing

Selecting Text
1. Place mouse pointer text tool next to the
text
2. Press the left mouse button.
3. Drag it across the text.
4. Let go of the left mouse button.

●  To make sure you don’t lose

your work on a document, you Selecting Lines and Paragraphs
should “save early and save often
1. Place mouse pointer arrow in left margin
1. Click the blue File Button next to line of text
2. Click Save As 2. Left-click once to select that line of text.
 To select several lines or a paragraph: To apply a different paragraph style:
1. Place mouse pointer arrow in left margin 1. Select paragraphs under “How To Use
next to line of text This Template”.
2. Press (hold down) the left mouse button. 2. Click “More” button in Styles Group.
3. Drag to the end of the paragraph 3. Click “Emphasis” command.
4. Let go of the left mouse button To create a new heading (section):
1. Click “More” button in Styles Group.
TIP: A general rule to make changes to text
is first select the text and then click the 2. Click “Heading 1”.
command button of your choice 3. Type “Learning more about the home
tab”.
TIP: Italic, like Underline, is used to 4. Press “Enter” once.
emphasize words or sentences in text, and 5. Type “The Home Tab contains the
book and movie titles. following Groups:”
6. Press “Enter” once.
Bullets
● good for general lists of items
● numbered list is good for steps in
a procedure or order
TIP: For style or space, explore
decreasing indent space for lists. Bullets
TIP: After selecting text, access common or numbers automatically indent to set
tools quickly in the floating format box. lists apart from regular text
To use Change Case command: To create a bulleted list:

1. Select “How to use this template”. 1. Click “Bullets” command in Paragraph

2. Click “Change Case” command. Group.
3. Click “Capitalize Each Word” in menu 2. Type “Clipboard”.
3. Press “Enter” once.
4. Re-create list pictured to the right
(Repeat step 2 & 3 for each word).
5. After last item in your list, press “Enter”
twice.
 
Style Group
A document created from a template,
Clipboard Group-commands to do
“copy and paste” and “cut and paste”
like the one you opened earlier (Facet
design blank), has predesigned styles
for different parts of the document
1. Make a new sub-heading in your
practice document.
2. Use “Heading 2” style from Styles
Group.
3. Type “Clipboard Group” To insert a table into your document:
4. Type two sentences on one line.
5. “I want to live in a warm place. I am 1. Click the Add a Table icon under the
moving to Hawaii.” Insert Tab.
To Copy and Paste text: 2. Select a 3-column, 5-row area in the
grid.
1. Select the text 3. Left-click when you are ready to insert
2. Click “Copy” icon in Clipboard Group. the table.
3. Move cursor to area where you want to
paste (right arrow, then “Enter” once). llustrations insert pictures, shapes,
4. Click “Paste” icon in Clipboard Grou charts, and more.
To Cut and Paste text:
 How to insert a shape
1. Select the text (the sentence “I am
moving…”). 1. Click the Shapes button
2. Click “Cut” icon in Clipboard Group. 2. Click the first shape (Explosion 1)
3. Move cursor to area where you want to 3. Place mouse pointer (cross) in a blank
paste (at beginning of first sentence on area.
same line 4. Click and drag
4. Click “Paste” icon. 5. Let go of the mouse button
5. Can you think of a scenario where you How to add text to a shape
might choose one command (Copy, Cut)
over the other?  1. Place mouse pointer arrow in shape
Paragraph Group- adjust line and area.
paragraph spacing and alignment 2. Click right mouse button once.
3. Click “Add Text” from menu
4. Type “Hello”.
 Word Help-excellent resource for
learning how to use software
● Click the question mark icon near
● Line spacing refers to when the the top right corner
text you’re typing has reached
the end of the line and moves
down to the next line Week 4: Word Application Tools
automatically and Referencing
● Paragraph spacing refers to any
 Styles
time you press the “Enter” key ● create a document others will
Insert Tab- insert different elements see, such as a report, make it
into document look good and easy to read with
styles
● format different parts of your
document, such as bold headings
 for main sections, numbered lists
for a sequence
●
Keyboard Shortcuts
● handy way to use the mouse less
● Activate them by holding down
one of the Ctrl (Control) keys
● highlight the text first

Header/Footer: Title and Page

Numbers
● HEADER top margin of each
page
● footer is the bottom margin of
each page
● useful for including material that
you want to appear on every
page of a document

Insert Footnote Inserting Headers and Footers- go

to the Insert tab and select the desired
● Footnotes appear at the bottom option.
of the page and endnotes come Table of Contents- Having added
at the end of the document headers and page numbers to your
● number or symbol on the footnote document will facilitate a Table of
or endnote matches up with a Contents
reference mark
To apply this to any document you are
working with:
● Click where you want to reference to the
footnote or endnote.
● On the References tab, select Insert
Footnote or Insert Endnote.
● Enter what you want in the footnote or
endnote.

To insert your table of contents:

● Format your document using heading
styles
● Place the cursor where you want the
table of contents to appear
● Click Table of Contents on the In the Create Source window that
References Tab, and choose one of the appears, you can enter all of the
types  relevant information for just about any
source.

● two automatic tables can be ● The default setting for the “Type
updated when you change the of Source” dropdown is Book
heading text, rearrange the order ● Making those references
of your content
● click the Custom Table of
Contents… option
● format the way the table of
contents will look: Choose a
different style, hide page
numbers Note: By default, Word uses APA
● choose instead to create a citation style, but it’s not limited
manual table of contents, Word ● using another citation method for
will add dummy text to the table your document, click the “Show
instead of using your headings All Bibliography fields” option to
fill out extra information
Word adds a citation for your new
source to your document
● click that “Insert Citation” button
again
● source appears on the list
● Select the source you want, and
CREATE A BIBLIOGRAPHY, Word correctly inserts the citation
into the document.
CITATIONS, AND REFERENCES
 
Creating Sources And Adding Citations
To Your Text
● place your cursor where you want
the citation to be placed
● Switch to the “References” tab on
the Ribbon Creating Your
● click the “Insert Citation” button. Bibliography
The popup menu that appears shows any ● Head to the end of your
sources you have already added but to add document and create a new page
a new source, just click the “Add New using Layout > Breaks > Page
Source” command Break
● “References” tab, and click the
“Bibliography” button
 ● click the “Insert Bibliography” · Function keys
option to add one without any · Toggle key
header or extra formatting · Navigation keys
· Media control buttons
INPUT AND OUTPUT: · Internet control buttons
· Other special keys
1. Computer receive the data
Types of Keyboards
2. It is came from the input devices
Ergonomics incorporates comfort,
3. Computer only understand binary efficiency, and safety
system
· design that reduces the chance of
4. Input and output goes hand in hand repetitive strain injuries (RSIs) of wrist
and hand
The Input
Pointing Devices
Input is any data and instructions · A pointer is a small symbol on the
entered into the memory of a computer screen whose location and shape
change as a user moves a pointing
Here are the commonly used input
device
methods include:
· Keyboard Mouse
· Pointing devices · pointing device that fits under the
· Touch screens palm of your hand comfortably optical
· Pen input mouse, laser mouse, and touch mouse
· Motion input
· Voice input Touchpad
· Video input A touchpad is a small, flat,
· Scanners and reading devices rectangular pointing device that is
sensitive to pressure and motion

Keyboards
Trackball
· contains keys press to enter data
and instructions A trackball is a stationary pointing
device with a ball on its top or side
· type using keys in the typing area
and on the numeric keypad
Touch Screens
Nearly all keyboards have…
· Typing area
A touch screen is a touch-sensitive · It is the process of entering any
display sound into the computer such as
speech, music, and sound effects
You use your thumb or finger to rotate
or press buttons on a touch-sensitive Music production software allows users
pad, which commonly found on portable to record, compose, mix, and edit music
media players and sounds

Pen Input Video Input

· stylus or digital pen on a flat surface · process of capturing full-motion

to write, draw, or make selections images and storing on a computer

Graphics Tablet A webcam is a type of DV camera that

enables a user to:
· called a digitizer
A videoconference is a meeting
· electronic plastic board that detects between two or more geographically
and converts movements of a style separatedpeople.

Architects use a graphics tablet to

create blueprints.
Scanners and Reading Devices
Motion, Voice, and Video Input
· With motion input, sometimes called
gesture recognition
· guide on-screen elements using air A scanner is a light-sensing input device
gestures that reads printed text and graphics

A flatbed scanner works in a manner

similar to a copy machine except it
Voice Input creates a file of the document
· process of entering input by
speaking into a microphone Optical Reader
· Voice recognition, also called speech
An optical reader is a device that uses a
recognition---- capability of
light source to read characters, marks,
distinguishing spoken words
and codes and then converts them into
Audio Input digital data
Optical character recognition (OCR) · Gauging temperature and pressure
of tires on a vehicle
OCR (optical character recognition) is · Checking out library books
the use of technology to distinguish · Managing purchases
printed or handwritten text characters · Tracking payment as vehicles pass
inside digital images of physical through booths on tollway systems
documents, such as a scanned paper
document.

A bar code reader, also called a bar Magstripe readers read the magnetic
code scanner uses laser beams to read stripe on the back of cards such as:
bar codes. · Credit cards
· Entertainment cards
· Used in grocery stores in managing · Bank cards
items on sale. · Identification cards
· Other similar cards
A bar code reader uses laser beams to
read bar codes on products such as
clothing, shown here.

A QR code stores information in both a

vertical and horizontal direction MICR (magnetic ink character
recognition) devices read text printed
This customer pays her bills by with magnetized ink
scanning an on-screen QR code. · An MICR reader converts MICR
characters into a form the computer can
Optical mark recognition (OMR) –
process
Commonly use with PCOS machine
· Banking industry uses MICR for
here in the Philippines during Elections
check processing
RFID (radio frequency identification)
uses radio signals to communicate with
a tag placed in or attached to an object The MICR characters preprinted on the
· An RFID reader reads information check represent the bank routing
on the tag via radio waves number, customer account number, and
· RFID can track: check number
· Tracking times of runners in a
marathon A data collection device obtains data
· Tracking location of people and directly at the location where the
other items transaction or event takes place
· Checking lift tickets of skiers
The Output
 Output is data that has been HDTV is the most advanced form of
processed into a useful form either a digital television
soft copy or hard copy.
A Smart TV is an Internet-enabled
Four types of output are: HDTV
· text,
· graphics,
· audio,
Printers
· video.
· produces text and graphics on a
A display visually conveys text, physical medium
graphics, and video information
· A monitor is a display that is
packaged as a separate peripheral There are 2 major types of printer. The
device impact printers and non-impact printers.
· LED monitor (light emitting diode A nonimpact printer forms characters
monitor) and graphics on a piece of paper
without actually contacting the paper.

The quality of a display depends

primarily on its: An ink-jet printer forms characters and
· Resolution - the number of pixels a graphics by spraying tiny drops of liquid
screen ink onto a piece of paper
· Response time - the time it takes · Color or black-and-white
your monitor to shift from one color to · Speed is measured by the number of
another pages per minute
· Brightness – how bright the monitor · popular type of color printer used at
display home and in the office
· Dot pitch - rating of a monitor
· Contrast ratio - defined as the ratio
of the luminance of the brightest color to
that of the darkest color A photo printer is a color printer that
· To display the highest quality produces lab-quality photos
images, the monitor should plug in a:
Laser printer - a printer linked to a
o A DVI port
computer producing good-quality printed
o An HDMI port
material by using a laser to form a
o A Display Port
pattern of electrostatically charged dots
on a light-sensitive drum
Home users sometimes use a digital
· High-speed - High-quality
television (DTV) as a display
· Color - Black-and-white
 - form characters and graphics on a
piece of paper by striking a mechanism
An all-in-one printer ---- single device against an inked ribbon that physically
that prints, scans, copies, and in some contacts the paper.
cases, faxes
Other Output Devices
Also called a multifunction printer
Many users attach surround sound
A 3-D printer ---- additive manufacturing speakers or speaker systems to their
to create an object by adding material to computers, game consoles, and mobile
a three-dimensional object devices to generate higher-quality
sounds
A thermal printer generates images by
pushing electrically heated pins against Users often attach high-quality surround
the heat-sensitive paper sound speaker systems to their
computers, game consoles, and mobile
devices.
Dye-sublimation printer
Headphones are speakers that cover or
A mobile printer --- small, lightweight, are placed outside of the ear for more
battery-powered printer that allows a comfortable computing experience
mobile user to print from a mobile
Earbuds (also called earphones) rest
device
inside the ear canal.
A label printer --- small printer that prints
A data projector is a device that projects
on an adhesive-type material that can
the text and images displaying on a
be placed on a variety of items
computer or mobile device screen on a
larger screen

Interactive whiteboard is a touch-

sensitive device, resembling a dry-erase
Plotters are used to produce high-quality board, that displays the image on a
drawings connected computer screen

Large-format printers create photo-

realistic quality color prints
Joysticks, wheels, gamepads, and
motion-sensing game controllers can be
considered output devices when they
include force feedback.
Impact printers
A camera/ receiver mounted on the
monitor tracks the position of the head-
mounted pointer

A braille printer, also known as braille

embosser, is an impact device that
creates tactile dots on sturdy paper