steele ily Basak IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality IEEE Power and Energy Society Developed by the Transmission and Distribution Committee IEEE IEEE Std 1159™-2019 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 (Revision of IEEE Std 1159-2009) Usa. standard99%IEEE Std 1159™-2019 (Revision of IEEE Std 1159-2009) IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality Developed by Transmission and Distribution Committee of the IEEE Power and Energy Society Approved 13 June 2019 IEEE-SA Standards Board standard99%Abstract: The monitoring of electrical characteristics of single-phase and polyphase ac power systems is encompassed in this recommended practice. It includes consistent descriptions of conducted electromagnetic phenomena occurring on power systems. This recommended practice describes nominal conditions and deviations from these nominal conditions that may originate within the source of supply or load equipment or may originate from interactions between the source and the load. Also, this recommended practice discusses power quality monitoring devices, application techniques, and the interpretation of monitoring results, Keywords: assessment, compatibility, dip, distortion, electromagnetic phenomena, harmonics, IEEE 1159, imbalance, instruments, interference, monitoring, noise, power quality, rms variation, sag, susceptibility, swell, transient, unbalance “The sue of Electra! and Electrons Engages. he Patt Aver Newt York NY 100168907, USA Cony © 2019 by The Ines of lara and Electonics Engines. [Angi reerves.Pubised 13 Agus 2079, Pied he Unto Ssts of Arete ECE ia roger vadoman mn te U.S. Patent & Trademark Otc, oxned by The nett of Etna and Etconics Engineers Inecportes. ‘ioral cil Coe NEC, an Sans cl Seley n he Waka ae rested aera le Nao Fae POF: IseNo7e-ssou-so2e0 — sTO2a744 Pom ISENO7e-1s0u.59257 — STDROITAY IEEE probit dscrmnston harassment an alr Formore mlcenatos wet htp wi oe or ob obeutuswhatepahce sp9-26 Nik ei ato ay be pnd oy Rm an Pon rae em ra wot wt pam Copyright © 2019 IEEE, All rights reserved ‘et andar dooImportant Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents TEE documents are made available for use subject 10 important notices and legal disclaimers. 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Bingham Kevin Kituedge Nicholas 2agrodnik “Thomas Cooke Theo Laughner Franeise Zavoua Joseph Grape Matt Norwalk David Zech Scott Peete ‘The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this recommended practice. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention, William Ackerman Laszlo Kadar Iulian Profir Robert Arno Innocent Kama Reynaldo Ramos Carts Ashton John Kay Lakshman Raut ‘Thomas Barnes Peter Kelly John Reach Frank Busciano ‘Yuri Khersonsky Charles Rogers Richard P. Bingham James Kinney Oleg Roizman William Bloethe Gary Kobet Ryan Ryan Jefltey Brogdon Jim Kulehisky Daniel Sabin stave Brill Mikhail Lagoa Steven San Demetrio Bucaneg Benjamin Lanz Sergio Santos William Bush Michael Lawman Barien Sayogo William Byrd Lawrence Long, “Thomas Schossig Mario Marana Cantlt William Metiide Kenn Sedziol Sean Care Thomas McCarthy ‘Nikun Shah ‘Wen-Kung Chang John McDaniel Devki Sharma Michael Chirico Jerry Murphy Varish Sharma Glenn Davis Truce Muschitz Hiyeong Siem Davide De Luca Ali Naderan Jaron Jerry Smith jary Donner Alexandre Nass Gary Smullin Michael Dood Soe Nims. Wayne Stee Neal Dowling Matthew Nor Gary Stocdter Donald Dunn Gearold 0. 1, Endhin K. Stump Zakia EL Omar Gregory Olson David Tepen Jorge Fermander Daher Lorraine Paden Timothy D. Unruh Waymen Goch Marty Paze John Vergis| Joseph Grappe Bans! Patel Roel Vries Randall Groves Dhiru Patel Reigh Walling Seley Helzer Mare Patterson William Walt lice Heron Gary Peele Daniel Want Werner Hola Howard Penrose Kenneth Whit John Houdek Christopher Petra James Wikston Sangkwon Jeong Prasad Prsvwsv Sian Vu Steven Johnston Craig Preuss Nicholas Zagrodnik Gera Joos David Zech 6 Copyright ©2019 IEEE, All nights recerved et andar d99¢When the IEFE-SA Standards Board approved this recommended practice on 13 June 2019, t had the following membership: Masayuki Ar Stephen D. Dukes 4. Travis Grilith Guido Hier Cirstel Hunter Thomas Kosh’ Joseph L. Koeptinger* ‘Thomas Koshy Member Emeritus Gary Hoffman, Chair Ted Burse, Vice Chair Jean-Philippe Faure, Past Chair Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary John D. Kulick David J Law Joseph Levy Howard ts aah Li Kevints Daleep Mola ‘Andrew Myles 1 Copyright ©2019 IEEE, All nights recerved. Annette D. Reilly Phil Weonblor Philip Winston Howard Wollman Feng Wo Jingyi Zhow et andar d99¢Introduction “This introduction is not par oF TEEE Sid 1159-2019, TEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Elesiie Power Quality This recommended practice provides useful information for individuals interested in power quality monitoring projects. It provides definitions, summaries, and characterizations of typical power quality [Phenomena that lead to power quality problems. There is discussion on monitoring instruments and selecting the appropriate instrument for the task followed by information on the application of the monitors is provided, including: safety, locations to monitor. sensing inputs, and measurement thresholds. AMter the ‘monitoring period is completed, there is information on validating the data, extracting the eritical data, and interpreting both summaries and critical events 8 Copyright ©2019 IEEE. All nights recerved et andar d99¢Contents Overview LI Scope 1.2 Purpose: 2. Normative references, 3. Definitions... 4. Power quality phenomena 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Electromagnetic compatibility 43 General classification of phenomen: 4.4 Detailed descriptions of phenomena ‘5. Monitoring objectives, ‘5.1 Introduction 5.2 Need for monitoring power quality 5.3 Equipment tolerances and effects of disturbances on equipment $4 Equipment types 6, Measurement instruments, 6.1 Introduction 6.2 History: four generations. ' 633 Reasons to monitor versus type of monitor 64 Parameters to be measured 6.5 Monitoring instruments, 7. Application techniques: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Satety. 7.3 Monitoring location... 7.4 Equipment connection 17.5 Measurement thresholds 8. Interpreting power monitoring results 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Interpreting data summaries 18.3 Critical data extraction, 84 Interpreting critical events. 8.5 Verifying data interpretation, Annex A (informative) Calibration and self-testing ‘A.| Introduction ‘A.2 Calibration issues. Annex B (informative) We need a tile Annex € (informative) Glossary Annex D (informative) Bibliography 9. Copyright ©2019 IEEE, All nights recerved. 10 10 10 et andar d99¢Contents Overview LI Scope 1.2 Purpose: 2. Normative references, 3. Definitions... 4. Power quality phenomena 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Electromagnetic compatibility 43 General classification of phenomen: 4.4 Detailed descriptions of phenomena ‘5. Monitoring objectives, ‘5.1 Introduction 5.2 Need for monitoring power quality 5.3 Equipment tolerances and effects of disturbances on equipment $4 Equipment types 6, Measurement instruments, 6.1 Introduction 6.2 History: four generations. ' 633 Reasons to monitor versus type of monitor 64 Parameters to be measured 6.5 Monitoring instruments, 7. Application techniques: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Satety. 7.3 Monitoring location... 7.4 Equipment connection 17.5 Measurement thresholds 8. Interpreting power monitoring results 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Interpreting data summaries 18.3 Critical data extraction, 84 Interpreting critical events. 8.5 Verifying data interpretation, Annex A (informative) Calibration and self-testing ‘A.| Introduction ‘A.2 Calibration issues. Annex B (informative) We need a tile Annex € (informative) Glossary Annex D (informative) Bibliography 9. Copyright ©2019 IEEE, All nights recerved. 10 10 10 et andar d99¢Contents Overview LI Scope 1.2 Purpose: 2. Normative references, 3. Definitions... 4. Power quality phenomena 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Electromagnetic compatibility 43 General classification of phenomen: 4.4 Detailed descriptions of phenomena ‘5. Monitoring objectives, ‘5.1 Introduction 5.2 Need for monitoring power quality 5.3 Equipment tolerances and effects of disturbances on equipment $4 Equipment types 6, Measurement instruments, 6.1 Introduction 6.2 History: four generations. ' 633 Reasons to monitor versus type of monitor 64 Parameters to be measured 6.5 Monitoring instruments, 7. Application techniques: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Satety. 7.3 Monitoring location... 7.4 Equipment connection 17.5 Measurement thresholds 8. Interpreting power monitoring results 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Interpreting data summaries 18.3 Critical data extraction, 84 Interpreting critical events. 8.5 Verifying data interpretation, Annex A (informative) Calibration and self-testing ‘A.| Introduction ‘A.2 Calibration issues. Annex B (informative) We need a tile Annex € (informative) Glossary Annex D (informative) Bibliography 9. Copyright ©2019 IEEE, All nights recerved. 10 10 10 et andar d99¢IEEE std 1189-2019 IEEE Recommended Practice for Montering Electic Power Quality {otal inferharmonic distortion: The ratio of the wot mean square of the harmonic content, considering Interharmonic components up to the 50th order and specifically excluding harmonics, expressed as a percent of the fundamental, Interharmonie components of order greater than 50 may be included when necessary. voltage change: A variation of the root-mean-square (rms) or peak value of a voltage between two consecutive levels sustained for definite but unspecified durations voltage fluctuation: A series of Voltage changes or a cyclical variation of the voltage envelope. voltage interruption: The disappearance of the supply voltage on one or more phases. It is usually qualified by an additional term indicating the duration ofthe interruption (e.g. momentary. temporary. sustained), waveform distortion: A steady-state deviation from an ideal sine wave of power frequency principally characterized by the spectral content of the deviation. 4, Power quality phenomena 4. Introduction ‘The term power quality refers to a wide variety of electromagnetic phenomena that characterize the voltage and current ata given time and at a given location on the power system, This clause amplifies the definitions of Clause 3 and the glossary in Annex C by providing technical descriptions and examples of the principal electromagnetic phenomena causing power quality problems. The increasing application of electronic equipment that can cause electromagnetic disturbances. or that can be sensitive to these phenomena, has heightened the interest in power quality im recent years. Accompanying the increase in operation problems has been a variety of attempts to describe the phenomena. Unfortunately, Lifferent segments of the electronics and power systems community have utilized different terminologies to Aescribe electromagnetic events. This clause expands the terminology that should be used by the power quality community to describe these common events, The clause also explains why commonly used terminology in ‘other communities should not be used by the power quality community. 4.2 Electromagnetic compatibility This recommended practice uses the electromagnetic compatibility approach to describe power quality phenomena. The electromagnetic compatibility approach has been accepted by the intemational community in Intemational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards produced by IEC Technical Committee 77, The reader is referred to Clause 3, the glossary in Annex C, and The IEEF Standards Dictionary Online for the {efinitions of electromagnetic compatibility and related terms. UIE-DWG-3-92-G [BS3] provides an excellent overview of the electromagnetic compatibility concept and associated IEC dacuments, 4.3 General classification of phenomena In IEC 61000-2-5:2017 (B13) the IEC classifies electromagnetic phenomena into several groups as shown in Table |. The IEC standard addresses the conducted electrical parameters shown in Table |. The terms high frequency and low frequency are not defined in terms of a specific frequency range, but instead are intended 10 indicate the relative difference in principal frequency content ofthe phenomena listed in these categories. This recommended practice contains « few auitional terms related to the IEC terminology. The term sug is used in the power quality community as a synonym to the IEC term dip. Similarly. the category short- duration variations is used to refer to voltage dips und short interruptions, The term swell was introduced as an inverse 12 Copyright © 2019 IEEE. All nghts reserved. ‘st andar d99¢IEEE sts 1189-2019 IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electic Power Quality {o sag (dip). The category long-duration variation was added (o deal withthe limits in ANSI C84,1-2016 [B2]. ‘The category noise was added to deal with broadband conducted phenomena. The category waveform distortion is used as a container category for the harmonics, interharmonies, andl dc in ac networks phenomena in IEC 61000-4-7:2009 [B15] as well as an additional phenomenon from IEEE Std 519-2014 (B27] called notching. Table 2 shows the categorization of electromagnetic phenomena used for the power quality Table 1—Principal phenomena causing electromagnetic disturbances as classified by the IEC ‘Group Examples “Condacted low-frequency phenomena Tanmonies, inerharmonies ‘Signal systems (power lie Carte?) Veligs imbalance Pon eauerey variations (SSieieee DCinAC acworks Radiata Tow Fequeny phenomena Magnstic feds sks ced conimaas wave Urretonal ancien ‘Oscillatory tansiens Radiat igh fequeney phonons Magnetic eld Elst ick ElestromagneGs ages ‘ondeted high-fFequensy phenomena woliages or currents Electrostatic disharge phenomena (ESD) = "Nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NTMP) = The phenomena listed in Table 1 can be deseribed further by listing appropriate attributes (see IEC 61000-2-5- 2017 (B13), For steady-state phenomena, the following attributes can be used: — Amplitude — Frequency — Speetrum — Modulation — Source impedance — Nateh depth — Notch area For nonsteady-state phenomena, other attributes may be required as follows: Rate of ri — Amplitude — Duration — Spectrum — Frequency — Rate of occurrence — Energy potential — Source impedance 13 Copyright ® 2019 IEEE. All nghts reserved. ‘st andar d99¢IEEE sts 1189-2019 IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electic Power Quality {o sag (dip). The category long-duration variation was added (o deal withthe limits in ANSI C84,1-2016 [B2]. ‘The category noise was added to deal with broadband conducted phenomena. The category waveform distortion is used as a container category for the harmonics, interharmonies, andl dc in ac networks phenomena in IEC 61000-4-7:2009 [B15] as well as an additional phenomenon from IEEE Std 519-2014 (B27] called notching. Table 2 shows the categorization of electromagnetic phenomena used for the power quality Table 1—Principal phenomena causing electromagnetic disturbances as classified by the IEC ‘Group Examples “Condacted low-frequency phenomena Tanmonies, inerharmonies ‘Signal systems (power lie Carte?) Veligs imbalance Pon eauerey variations (SSieieee DCinAC acworks Radiata Tow Fequeny phenomena Magnstic feds sks ced conimaas wave Urretonal ancien ‘Oscillatory tansiens Radiat igh fequeney phonons Magnetic eld Elst ick ElestromagneGs ages ‘ondeted high-fFequensy phenomena woliages or currents Electrostatic disharge phenomena (ESD) = "Nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NTMP) = The phenomena listed in Table 1 can be deseribed further by listing appropriate attributes (see IEC 61000-2-5- 2017 (B13), For steady-state phenomena, the following attributes can be used: — Amplitude — Frequency — Speetrum — Modulation — Source impedance — Nateh depth — Notch area For nonsteady-state phenomena, other attributes may be required as follows: Rate of ri — Amplitude — Duration — Spectrum — Frequency — Rate of occurrence — Energy potential — Source impedance 13 Copyright ® 2019 IEEE. All nghts reserved. ‘st andar d99¢