MILVIZ DHC2 Beaver

Honeywell KAP 140 Autopilot system

(Sources: Honeywell KAP 140 Pilot’s guide – Honeywell KAP 140 Installation Manual)

KAP 140 Two Axis with Altitude Preselect Operation - Introduction

The KAP 140 Autopilot System included in the Beaver is a rate based digital autopilot
system offering smooth performance and enhanced features found only in more expensive
autopilots. The first of its type developed by Honeywell, this system brings digital
technology and reliability into the light aircraft cockpit.

KAP 140 roll axis features include wing leveler, heading select and VOR/LOC intercept
and tracking. The KAP 140 can also be coupled to GPS and RNAV receivers as well. Roll
rate information is derived from the turn coordinator.
Pitch axis features include vertical speed, glideslope and altitude hold along with altitude
preselect option. Pitch information is derived from a pressure sensor and accelerometer.
The KAP 140 Autopilot System operates independent of the aircraft’s artificial horizon.
Therefore, the autopilot retains roll stabilization and all vertical modes in the event of
vacuum system failure.

KAP 140 features in Beaver’s version

DG (Directional Gyro) YES

Turn Coordinator YES
Automatic Electric Elevator Trim NO
Manual Electric Trim NO
FUNCTION MODES ALT Hold (ALT); ALT Preselect/ALERT; Heading Select (HDG);
NAV (VOR/RNAV/GPS); Approach (APR); Glideslope (GS);
Back Course (REV); Wing Leveler (ROL); Vertical Speed Hold (VS)
Control Wheel Steering (CWS) NO
Auto Capture YES
Auto Track YES
All Angle Intercept YES (from ROL mode)
Auto 45-degree Intercept YES (from HDG mode)
Remote Barometric Input NO

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 Diagram - KAP 140 Beaver’s version systems

WARNING!:

No Automatic Elevator Trim

available. Aircraft must be
properly trimmed before
engaging/disengaging the
autopilot.

Each system has a number of inputs: sensor outputs are shown in red;
combination inputs are shown in blue; display outputs are shown in orange;
and aircraft control shown in green.

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 System Technical Characteristics (In smooth air)

Maximum Bank Angles Limited to standard rate turn.

Heading Stability ± 2°
VOR Crosswind Compensation Up to 30° right or left
NAV/APR/REV Capture Capability All angles
NAV/APR/REV Capture Computation Scheduled by beam closure rate
NAV Track Computation Scheduled by beam rate and deviation
APR/REV Track Computation Scheduled by beam rate and deviation

System will track without large bank angles

keeping beam deviation to less than 1.0° of
NAV Tracking
VOR. Actual performance will depend
upon quality of VOR beam being received

System will track without large bank angles

keeping beam deviation to less than .25° of
LOC Tracking
LOC. Actual performance will depend upon
quality of LOC beam being received.

Vertical Speed Stability ± 150 feet per minute

Altitude Range -- 1000 to 35,000 ft
Altitude Hold Stability ± 50ft
System will limit overshoot to less than 100
feet of selected altitude across the altitude
Altitude Overshoot
range of the aircraft. When armed prior to
the capture point.
Mode Continuous Discrete
Vertical Trim ALH 500 FPM 20 Feet
VS 300 FPM/SEC 100 FPM
Glideslope Capture Computation Scheduled by beam rate and deviation
Autopilot Disconnect Alerting External Sonalert
Software version 03/01 and later

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 Power Application and Preflight Tests

KAP 140 Preflight Test

KAP 140 Preflight Test Complete

A preflight test is performed upon power application to the computer. This test is a
sequence of internal checks that validate proper system operation prior to allowing
autopilot engagement. The preflight test (PFT) sequence is indicated by “PFT” with an
increasing number for the sequence steps. Successful completion of self test is identified
by all display segments being illuminated (Display Test) and the disconnect tone sounding.

Following the preflight test, the red P warning on the face of the autopilot may illuminate
indicating that the pitch axis cannot be engaged. This condition should be temporary,
lasting no more than 30 seconds. The P will extinguish and normal operation will be
available.
Red P and R warnings may illuminate when the autopilot is not engaged. This can occur
when autopilot G limits have been exceeded during turbulence or aircraft maneuvering.
Autopilot engagement is locked out during red R illumination.

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 KAP 140 Two Axis with Altitude Preselect Operation

1. PITCH AXIS, (P) ANNUNCIATOR

- When illuminated, indicates failure of the pitch axis and will disengage the autopilot when
the failure occurs and not allow engagement of the pitch axis.

2. AUTOPILOT ENGAGE/DISENGAGE (AP) BUTTON

- When pushed and held for 0.25 seconds, engages autopilot if all logic conditions are met.
The autopilot will engage in the basic roll (ROL) mode which functions as a wing leveler
and in the vertical speed (VS) hold mode. The commanded vertical speed is be displayed
in the upper right corner of autopilot display area for three seconds after engagement or if
either the UP or DN button is pressed. The captured VS will be the vertical speed present
at the moment of AP button press. When pressed again will disengage the autopilot.

3. ROLL AXIS (R) ANNUNCIATOR

- When illuminated, indicates failure of the roll axis and will disengage the autopilot and not
allow engagement.

4. HEADING (HDG) MODE SELECTOR BUTTON

- When pushed, will arm the Heading mode, which commands the airplane to turn to and
maintain the heading selected by the heading bug on the DG. A new heading may be
selected at any time and will result in the airplane turning to the new heading.
Button can also be used to toggle between HDG and ROL modes.

5. NAVIGATION (NAV) MODE SELECTOR BUTTON

- When pushed, will arm the navigation mode. The mode provides automatic beam capture
and tracking of VOR, LOC or GPS as selected for presentation on the CDI. NAV mode is
recommended for enroute navigation tracking. NAV mode may also be used for front
course LOC tracking when GS tracking is not desired.

6. APPROACH (APR) MODE SELECTOR BUTTON

- When pushed, will arm the Approach mode. This mode provides automatic beam capture
and tracking of VOR, GPS, LOC, and Glideslope (GS) on an ILS, as selected for
presentation on the CDI. APR mode is recommended for instrument approaches.

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 7. BACK COURSE APPROACH (REV) MODE SELECTOR BUTTON
- When pushed, will arm the Back Course approach mode. This mode functions similarly to
the approach mode except that the autopilot response to LOC signals is reversed, and GS
is disabled.

8. ALTITUDE HOLD (ALT) MODE SELECT BUTTON - When pushed will select the
Altitude Hold mode. This mode provides tracking of the reference altitude. The reference
altitude is the altitude at the moment the ALT button is pressed. If the ALT button is
pressed with an established VS rate present, there will be altitude overshoot
(approximately 10% of the VS rate), with the airplane returned positively to the reference
altitude.

9. VERTICAL TRIM (UP/DN) BUTTONS

- The action of these buttons is dependent upon the vertical mode present when pressed.
If VS mode is active, the initial button stroke will bring up the commanded vertical speed in
the display. Subsequent immediate button strokes will increment the vertical speed
commanded either up or down at the rate of 100 ft/min per button press, or at the rate of
approximately 300 ft/min per second if held continuously. If ALT mode is active,
incremental button strokes will move the altitude hold reference altitude either up or down
at 20 feet per press, or if held continuously will command the airplane up or down at the
rate of 500 ft/min, synchronizing the altitude hold reference to the actual airplane altitude
upon button release. (Note that the altitude hold reference is not displayed. The display will
continue to show the altitude alerter reference.)

10. ROTARY KNOBS

- Used to set the altitude alerter reference altitude; or may be used immediately after
pressing the BARO button, to adjust the autopilot baro setting to match that of the
airplane’s altimeter when manual adjustment is required.

11. BARO SET (BARO) BUTTON

- When pushed and released, will change the display from the altitude alerter selected
altitude to the baro setting display (either IN HG or HPA) for 3 seconds. If pushed and held
for 2 seconds, will change the baro setting display from IN HG to HPA or vice versa. Once
the baro setting display is visible the rotary knobs may be used to manually adjust the baro
setting.

12. ALTITUDE ARM (ARM) BUTTON

- When pushed will toggle altitude arming on or off. When ALT ARM is annunciated, the
autopilot will capture the altitude alerter displayed altitude (provided the aircraft is climbing
or descending in VS to the displayed altitude). When the autopilot is engaged, ALT arming
is automatic upon altitude alerter altitude selection via the rotary knobs. Note that the
alerter functions are independent of the arming process thus providing full time alerting,
even when the autopilot is disengaged.

13. ALTITUDE ALERTER/VERTICAL SPEED/BARO SETTING DISPLAY

- Normally displays the altitude alerter selected altitude. If the UP or DN button is pushed
while in VS hold, the display changes to the command reference for the VS mode in FPM
for 3 seconds. If the BARO button is pushed, the display changes to the autopilot baro
setting in either IN HG or HPA for 3 seconds.

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 14. ALTITUDE ALERT (ALERT) ANNUNCIATION
- The ALERT annunciate is illuminated 1000 ft. prior to the selected altitude, extinguishes
200 ft. prior to the selected altitude and illuminates momentarily when the selected altitude
is reached. Once the selected altitude is reached a flashing ALERT illumination signifies
that the 200 ft. “safe band” has been exceeded and will remain illuminated until 1000 ft.
from the selected altitude. Associated with the visual alerting is an aural alert (5 short
tones) which occurs 1000 feet from the selected altitude upon approaching the altitude and
200 feet from the selected altitude on leaving the altitude.

15. PITCH MODE DISPLAY

- Displays the active and armed pitch modes (VS, ALT, ARM, ALT and GS).

16. AUTOPILOT ENGAGED (AP) ANNUNCIATION

- Illuminates whenever the autopilot is engaged. Flashes during pilot initiated or automatic
disengagement.

17. ROLL MODE DISPLAY

- Displays the active and armed roll modes (ROL, HDG, NAV ARM,NAV, APR ARM, APR,
REV ARM,REV, GS ARM). Also displayed will be flashing AP annunciation (5 seconds) at
each autopilot disconnect accompanied by an aural tone (for 2 seconds).

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 System Operating Modes
Functions independent of autopilot status

Altimeter setting

Upon successful completion of preflight test, the baro display will flash.

1. BARO setting - Enter barometric setting using the rotary knobs OR if correct as
displayed, press BARO.

Note: triggering Barometric event (FS default key is B) will synchronize this unit’s baro
setting with the Altimeter baro setting.

Baro unit conversion

The barometric pressure display can be toggled between IN HG and HPA as needed by
the pilot.

1. BARO button - Press and hold for two seconds.

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 Altitude Alerter

1. ALTITUDE SELECT knob - ROTATE until the desired altitude is displayed. Outer knob
for 1,000 ft. changes; inner knob for 100 ft. changes.

The ALERT annunciation is illuminated 1000 ft. prior to the selected altitude, extinguishes
200 ft. prior to the selected altitude and illuminates momentarily when the selected altitude
is reached. Once the selected altitude is reached, a flashing ALERT illumination signifies
that the 200 ft. “safe band” has been exceeded and will remain illuminated until 1000 ft.
from the selected altitude.
Associated with the visual alerting is an aural alert (five short tones) which occurs 1000 ft.
from the selected altitude upon approaching the altitude and 200 ft. from the selected
altitude on leaving the altitude.

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 System Operating Modes
ROLL functions available with autopilot engaged

Wing Leveler (ROL) Mode

In the roll mode, the autopilot maintains wings level flight.

1. Engage autopilot – Press and hold AP

for 0.25 seconds to engage the autopilot.
Note ROL, VS and current vertical speed is
displayed. If no other modes are selected
the autopilot will operate in the ROL and
vertical speed hold modes.

Heading Select (HDG) Mode

In the heading mode, the autopilot will fly a selected heading.

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 The following steps should be taken to operate in the
heading mode:

1. Move the heading “bug” to the desired heading on

the DG.

2. Depress the HDG button on the KAP 140 to

engage the heading select mode. The autopilot will
turn the aircraft in the shortest direction to intercept
and fly the heading.

3. If you move the heading “bug” again while the

heading select mode is engaged, the autopilot will
immediately turn the aircraft in the direction of the
newly selected heading.

5. Press HDG button again and the autopilot will

return to the ROL mode.

Navigation (NAV) Mode from HDG Mode (45° Intercept)

In the navigation (NAV) mode, the autopilot intercepts

and tracks VOR/RNAV and GPS courses.
To arm NAV mode (with the KAP 140 currently in the
HDG mode):

1. Select the desired frequency for VOR or RNAV. For

GPS, verify the desired waypoint or destination.

2. OBS Knob - SELECT desired course.

3. NAV Mode Selector Button - PRESS. Note NAV

ARM annunciated.

The autopilot will flash HDG for 5 seconds to remind

the pilot to reset the HDG bug to the OBS course.
Check the heading displayed on the DG against the
magnetic compass and reset if necessary.

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 4. Heading Selector Knob - ROTATE BUG to agree
with OBS course.

When HDG stops flashing, if CDI needle is to the left,

aircraft will turn to an intercept course 45º to the left of
selected (Heading Bug) course; and 45º to the right is
CDI needle is to the right.

5. If the Course Deviation Bar is greater than 2 to 3

dots the autopilot will annunciate NAV ARM; when the
computed capture point is reached the ARM
annunciator will go out and the selected course will be
automatically captured and tracked. If the D-Bar is less
than 2 to 3 dots: the HDG mode will disengage upon
selecting NAV mode; the NAV annunciator will
illuminate and the capture/track sequence will
automatically begin.

6. Press NAV button again and the autopilot will return

to the ROL mode.

Note: it is important to understand that in installations

with a DG the Heading Bug is supplying the OBS signal
to the autopilot. The CDI does not output the necessary
signal strength for where the OBS card is set.
Therefore, Heading Bug must correspond with desired
VOR/LOC/GPS track. When following a GPS flight
plan, the Heading Bug must be repositioned to the next
waypoint course as soon as it is captured and the
aircraft begins the turn towards the new track.

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 Navigation (NAV) Mode from ROL Mode (All Angle Intercept)

In the navigation (NAV) mode, the autopilot intercepts

and tracks VOR/RNAV and GPS courses.
To arm NAV mode (with the KAP 140 currently in the
ROL mode):

Maneuver the aircraft to the desired intercept angle

prior to selecting ROL mode.

1. Select the desired frequency for VOR or RNAV. For

GPS, verify the desired waypoint or destination.

2. OBS Knob - SELECT desired course.

3. NAV Mode Selector Button - PRESS. Note NAV

ARM annunciated.

The autopilot will flash HDG for 5 seconds to remind

the pilot to reset the HDG bug to the OBS course.
Check the heading displayed on the DG against the
magnetic compass and reset if necessary.

4. Heading Selector Knob - ROTATE BUG to agree

with OBS course.

If CDI needle is to the left, desired intercept course

should be 30º or greater to the left of selected (Heading
Bug) course; and 30º or greater to the right is CDI
needle is to the right. Intercept angles greater than 45°
can result in course overshoot when close to the VOR
station or LOC/GPS signal. Therefore, intercept angles
greater than 45° are not recommended.

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 5. If the Course Deviation Bar is greater than 2 to 3
dots the autopilot will annunciate NAV ARM; when the
computed capture point is reached the ARM
annunciator will go out and the selected course will be
automatically captured and tracked. If the D-Bar is less
than 2 to 3 dots: the ROL mode will disengage upon
selecting NAV mode; the NAV annunciator will
illuminate and the capture/track sequence will
automatically begin.

6. Press NAV button again and the autopilot will return

to the ROL mode.

Note: it is important to understand that in installations

with a DG the Heading Bug is supplying the OBS signal
to the autopilot. The CDI does not output the necessary
signal strength for where the OBS card is set.
Therefore, Heading Bug must correspond with desired
VOR/LOC/GPS track. When following a GPS flight
plan, the Heading Bug must be repositioned to the next
waypoint course as soon as it is captured and the
aircraft begins the turn towards the new track.

Approach (APR) Mode from HDG Mode (45° Intercept)

In the approach (APR) mode, the autopilot intercepts

and tracks VOR/LOC/ILS and GPS courses.
To arm APR mode (with the KAP 140 currently in the
HDG mode):

1. Select the desired frequency for VOR or LOC/ILS.

For GPS, verify the desired waypoint or destination.

2. OBS Knob - SELECT desired course. (For a

localizer, set it to serve as a memory aid.)

3. APR Mode Selector Button - PRESS. Note APR

ARM annunciated.

The autopilot will flash HDG for 5 seconds to remind

the pilot to reset the HDG bug to the OBS course.
14 the heading displayed on the DG against the
Check
magnetic compass and reset if necessary.
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 The autopilot will flash HDG for 5 seconds to remind
the pilot to reset the HDG bug to the OBS (or desired
for a LOC) course. Check the heading displayed on the
DG against the magnetic compass and reset if
necessary.

4. Heading Selector Knob - ROTATE BUG to agree

with desired approach course for a LOC, or OBS
course for a VOR/GPS.

When HDG stops flashing, if CDI needle is to the left,

aircraft will turn to an intercept course 45º to the left of
selected (Heading Bug) course; and 45º to the right is
CDI needle is to the right.

5. If the Course Deviation Bar is greater than 2 to 3

dots the autopilot will annunciate APR ARM; when the
computed capture point is reached the ARM
annunciator will go out and the selected course will be
automatically captured and tracked. If the D-Bar is less
than 2 to 3 dots: the HDG mode will disengage upon
selecting APR mode; the APR annunciator will
illuminate and the capture/track sequence will
automatically begin.

VOR/LOC/GPS capture:

The autopilot captured the LOC/VOR/GPS.

6. Press APR button again and the autopilot will return

to the ROL mode.

ILS capture:

After capturing the localizer the autopilot will

annunciate GS ARM and the glideslope is
automatically armed.

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 The autopilot is following the localizer. When the
glideslope signal is at midscale, current Vertical Mode
is automatically disengaged and the glideslope (GS) is
captured

The autopilot will make pitch and bank changes as

necessary to maintain localizer and glideslope.

Note: GS won’t be captured if the LOC needle is

deflected more than 3 dots in either left or right
direction.

6. Press AP to disengage the autopilot and cancel APR

mode.

Note: In this installation the Heading Bug is supplying

the LOC reference signal to the autopilot Therefore,
Heading Bug must correspond with published LOC
course.

Approach (APR) Mode from ROL Mode (All Angle Intercept)

In the approach (APR) mode, the autopilot intercepts

and tracks VOR/LOC/ILS and GPS courses.
To arm APR mode (with the KAP 140 currently in the
ROL mode):

Maneuver the aircraft to the desired intercept angle

prior to selecting ROL mode.

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 1. Select the desired frequency for VOR or LOC/ILS.
For GPS, verify the desired waypoint or destination.

2. OBS Knob - SELECT desired course. (For a

localizer, set it to serve as a memory aid.)

3. APR Mode Selector Button - PRESS. Note APR

ARM annunciated.

The autopilot will flash HDG for 5 seconds to remind

the pilot to reset the HDG bug to the OBS (or desired
for a LOC) course. Check the heading displayed on the
DG against the magnetic compass and reset if
necessary.

4. Heading Selector Knob - ROTATE BUG to agree

with desired approach course for a LOC, or OBS
course for a VOR/GPS.

If CDI needle is to the left, desired intercept course

should be 30º or greater to the left of selected (Heading
Bug) course; and 30º or greater to the right is CDI
needle is to the right. Intercept angles greater than 45°
can result in course overshoot when close to the VOR
station or LOC/GPS signal. Therefore, intercept angles
greater than 45° are not recommended.

5. If the Course Deviation Bar is greater than 2 to 3

dots the autopilot will annunciate APR ARM; when the
computed capture point is reached the ARM
annunciator will go out and the selected course will be
automatically captured and tracked. If the D-Bar is less
than 2 to 3 dots: the ROL mode will disengage upon
selecting APR mode; the APR annunciator will
illuminate and the capture/track sequence will
automatically begin.

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 VOR/LOC/GPS capture:

The autopilot captured the LOC/VOR/GPS.

6. Press APR button again and the autopilot will return

to the ROL mode.

ILS capture:

After capturing the localizer the autopilot will

annunciate GS ARM and the glideslope is
automatically armed.

The autopilot is following the localizer. When the

glideslope signal is at midscale, current Vertical Mode
is automatically disengaged and the glideslope (GS) is
captured

The autopilot will make pitch and bank changes as

necessary to maintain localizer and glideslope.

Note: GS won’t be captured if the LOC needle is

deflected more than 3 dots in either left or right
direction.

6. Press AP to disengage the autopilot and cancel APR

mode.

Note: In this installation the Heading Bug is supplying

the LOC reference signal to the autopilot Therefore,
Heading Bug must correspond with published LOC
course.

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 Back Course (REV) Mode from HDG Mode (45° Intercept)

The back course (REV) mode allows the autopilot to

intercept and track a localizer back course.
To arm REV mode (with the KAP 140 currently in the
HDG mode):

1. Select the desired frequency for LOC/ILS.

2. OBS Knob - SELECT front course inbound heading.

3. REV Mode Selector Button - PRESS. Note REV

ARM annunciated.

The autopilot will flash HDG for 5 seconds to remind

the pilot to reset the HDG bug to the front course
inbound heading. Check the heading displayed on the
DG against the magnetic compass and reset if
necessary.

4. Heading Selector Knob - ROTATE BUG to agree

with the FRONT COURSE inbound heading.

When HDG stops flashing, if CDI needle is to the left,

aircraft will turn to an intercept course 45º to the right of
the back course; and 45º to the left is CDI needle is to
the right.

5. If the Course Deviation Bar is greater than 2 to 3

dots the autopilot will annunciate REV ARM; when the
computed capture point is reached the ARM
annunciator will go out and the back course will be
automatically captured and tracked. If the D-Bar is less
than 2 to 3 dots: the HDG mode will disengage upon
selecting REV mode; the REV annunciator will
illuminate and the capture/track sequence will
automatically begin.

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 The autopilot is following the localizer back course.

6. Press REV button again and the autopilot will return

to the ROL mode.

Note: In this installation the Heading Bug is supplying

the localizer reference signal to the autopilot Therefore,
Heading Bug must correspond with published localizer
course.

Back Course (REV) Mode from ROL Mode (All Angle Intercept)

The back course (REV) mode allows the autopilot to

intercept and track a localizer back course.
To arm REV mode (with the KAP 140 currently in the
ROL mode):

Maneuver the aircraft to the desired intercept angle

prior to selecting ROL mode.

1. Select the desired frequency for LOC/ILS.

2. OBS Knob - SELECT front course inbound heading.

3. REV Mode Selector Button - PRESS. Note REV

ARM annunciated.

The autopilot will flash HDG for 5 seconds to remind

the pilot to reset the HDG bug to the front course
inbound heading. Check the heading displayed on the
DG against the magnetic compass and reset if
necessary.

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 4. Heading Selector Knob - ROTATE BUG to agree
with the FRONT COURSE inbound heading.

If CDI needle is to the left, desired intercept course

should be 30º or greater to the right of the localizer
back course; and 30º or greater to the left is CDI
needle is to the right. Intercept angles greater than 45°
can result in course overshoot when close to the
localizer signal. Therefore, intercept angles greater
than 45° are not recommended

5. If the Course Deviation Bar is greater than 2 to 3

dots the autopilot will annunciate REV ARM; when the
computed capture point is reached the ARM
annunciator will go out and the back course will be
automatically captured and tracked. If the D-Bar is less
than 2 to 3 dots: the ROL mode will disengage upon
selecting REV mode; the REV annunciator will
illuminate and the capture/track sequence will
automatically begin.

The autopilot is following the localizer back course.

6. Press REV button again and the autopilot will return

to the ROL mode.

Note: In this installation the Heading Bug is supplying

the localizer reference signal to the autopilot Therefore,
Heading Bug must correspond with published localizer
course.

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 System Operating Modes
PITCH functions available with autopilot engaged

Vertical Speed (VS) Mode

The Vertical Speed (VS) mode allows variable vertical speed climbs and descents.

The ALT button toggles between Altitude Hold (ALT) and Vertical Speed (VS) modes.

Note: The KAP 140 engages into VS mode as a default.

To operate in the VS mode (with autopilot currently disengaged):

1. Engage autopilot – Press and hold AP for 0.25 seconds to engage the autopilot.
Note ROL, VS and current vertical speed is displayed. If no other modes are selected the
autopilot will operate in the ROL and vertical speed hold modes.

2. UP or DN button – Select desired climb or descent rate. Each button stroke will
increment the vertical speed commanded up or down by 100 ft/min per button press, or at
the rate of approximately 300 ft/min per second if held continuously.

To initiate a climb or descent from Altitude Hold (ALT) mode:

1. ALT button - Press. Note ALT changes to VS and current vertical speed is displayed.

2. UP or DN button – Select desired climb or descent rate. Each button stroke will
increment the vertical speed commanded up or down by 100 ft/min per button press, or at
the rate of approximately 300 ft/min per second if held continuously.

Note: When operating at or near the best rate of climb airspeed, at climb power settings,
and using vertical speed hold, it is easy to decelerate to an airspeed where continued
decreases in airspeed will result in a reduced rate of climb. Continued operation in vertical
speed mode can result in a stall.

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 Altitude Hold (ALT) Mode

The Altitude Hold (ALT) mode maintains the pressure altitude acquired upon selection of
altitude hold.

The ALT button toggles between altitude hold and vertical speed modes.

To operate in the ALT mode (with autopilot currently in the Vertical Speed mode):

1. ALT button - Press. Note ALT is annunciated and autopilot maneuvers to maintain
pressure altitude acquired at button selection.

2. UP or DN button - Select to change altitude. Incremented button strokes will move the
reference altitude by 20 feet per press, or if held continuously will command a 500 ft/min
altitude change, acquiring a new reference altitude upon button release.

Note: Incremented altitude changes should be limited to 500 ft. of change.

Altitude Alerting and Preselect

The Altitude Preselect function allows capturing of a desired altitude and transferring into
Altitude Hold (ALT). Manual input of desired altitude is accomplished through the rotary
knobs on the faceplate of the KAP 140.
The Altitude Alerting function will visually and aurally announce approaching, acquiring
and deviation from a selected altitude.

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 Altitude Preselect

1. ALTITUDE SELECT knob - ROTATE until desired altitude is displayed. ARM

annunciation occurs automatically upon altitude selection when the autopilot is engaged.

2. Airplane - ESTABLISH desired vertical speed to intercept the selected altitude.

3. Upon altitude capture, ALT ARM will extinguish and ALT will be annunciated.

Altitude Arm

To arm the capture of the current preselected altitude:

1. ARM button - Press. Note ALT ARM is annunciated.

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 2. Airplane - ESTABLISH desired vertical speed to intercept the selected altitude.

3. Upon altitude capture, ALT ARM will extinguish and ALT will be annunciated.

Note: Altitude preselect captures are not recommended on non-precision approaches to

capture the MDA. Glideslope coupling will preclude an altitude capture on an ILS.

4. Press ARM again to cancel the capture of the preselected altitude.

FSim Technical Reference

Standard captured Events:

- AP button = AP_MASTER (default B key- Hold for engage)

- HDG button = AP_HDG_HOLD (default Ctrl-H keys)
- NAV button = AP_NAV1_HOLD (default Ctrl-N keys)
- APR button = AP_APR_HOLD (default Ctrl-A keys)
- REV button = AP_BC_HOLD (default Ctrl-B keys)

LVar names to be used with FSUIPC Lua scripts:

Press button Release button

- AP button = (L:KAP140_LuaAPM_KeyDown, bool) (L:KAP140_LuaAPM_KeyUp,bool)
- HDG button = (L:KAP140_LuaHDG_KeyDown, bool) (L:KAP140_LuaHDG_KeyUp,bool)
- NAV button = (L:KAP140_LuaNAV_KeyDown, bool) (L:KAP140_LuaNAV_KeyUp,bool)
- APR button = (L:KAP140_LuaAPR_KeyDown, bool) (L:KAP140_LuaAPR_KeyUp,bool)
- REV button = (L:KAP140_LuaREV_KeyDown, bool) (L:KAP140_LuaREV_KeyUp,bool)
- ALT button = (L:KAP140_LuaALT_KeyDown, bool) (L:KAP140_LuaALT_KeyUp,bool)
- DOWN button = (L:KAP140_LuaDOWN_KeyDown, bool) (L:KAP140_LuaDOWN_KeyUp,bool)
- UP button = (L:KAP140_LuaUP_KeyDown, bool) (L:KAP140_LuaUP_KeyUp,bool)
- ARM button = (L:KAP140_LuaARM_KeyDown, bool) (L:KAP140_LuaARM_KeyUp,bool)
- BARO button = (L:KAP140_LuaBARO_KeyDown, bool) (L:KAP140_LuaBARO_KeyUp,bool)
-DEC1000 knob = (L:KAP140_LuaDEC1000_KeyDown, bool) (L:KAP140_LuaDEC1000_KeyUp,bool)
-INC1000 knob = (L:KAP140_LuaINC1000_KeyDown, bool) (L:KAP140_LuaINC1000_KeyUp,bool)
-DEC100 knob = (L:KAP140_LuaDEC100_KeyDown, bool) (L:KAP140_LuaDEC100_KeyUp,bool)
-INC100 knob = (L:KAP140_LuaINC100_KeyDown, bool) (L:KAP140_LuaINC100_KeyUp,bool)

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